Why is the British Tabloid Press dominated by stories of celebrities? Do you think that the Press Complaints Commission does enough to control this?
Why is the British Tabloid Press dominated by stories of celebrities? Do you think that the Press Complaints Commission does enough to control this? The British Tabloid Press is the most popular press in Britain. With papers like The Sun, The Daily Mail and The Daily Mirror among the most popular. Recently the tabloid papers have been dominated with stories of celebrity scandals and gossip. You cannot open a tabloid paper without finding a story about a celebrity. There are many different types of scandal. Quite a lot of stories are to do with sex. For example, the alleged rape of Ulrika Johnson. This kind of story would catch the reader's attention and sell more papers. Another example of scandal is drug/alcohol abuse, an article, which shows this is Liam Gallagher's alleged drunken fight in Germany. Some areas of scandal are to do with violence and crime. I think that these stories should be exposed to the public because the celebrities deserve to be named and shamed. However, stories to do with celebrities' health should be kept private. For example, Geri Halliwell's weight loss, as this promotes anaemia and bulimia. The Press Complaints Commission (PCC) deals with complaints from members of the public about the material printed in newspapers and magazines. It also sets certain guidelines by which the journalists must abide by. The success of the PCC
The Origins of the Independent Labour Party
The Origins of the Independent Labour Party The origins of the Independent Labour Party (ILP) can be traced from Scotland in the late 1880's and the industrial areas of Yorkshire and Lancashire in the early 1990's. It was not the creation of a few leaders with political ambitions, but the result of a range of initiatives taken in various communities by both men and women. A cotton worker turned journalist, Joseph Burgess, wrote an article on the need for an ILP. He believed this strongly and attempted to make it a reality by pursuing it. Burgess had many sympathisers on this idea and when the Trade Union Congress met in 1892 a conference was organised by an Arrangements committee. At this meeting in Bradford people were very optimistic of this new idea and it was believed that it was optimistic in itself. For the ILP to be a success it had to fit into the existing political system which meant fitting into certain criteria, for example, the exclusion of women and between 1885 and December 1910, about 40% of adult males. These excluded males were mainly working class, which meant it would be difficult for this new party to pick up useful support and votes because it's primary support would surely be working class being as that was who it was set up to help. Most trade union officials, working class politicians and most of the people who helped in the formation of the ILP
Why is it so difficult to keep the peace talks going in the Middle East?
Why is it so difficult to keep the peace talks going in the Middle East? It's difficult to keep peace talks going in the Middle East because of the conflict between the Arabs and Israelis. The extremist on both sides, think they are right and that peace will not work in Israel. The moderate's voices on both sides are not heard because of the extremist action that outrages the people, which drowned out the moderates causing the conflict to escalate. After the Jewish people not having a homeland for nearly 2000 Years. The new state of Israel was formed in 1948 by a UN vote. The Arabs disagreed with having a Jewish state. After the 6-day war in 1967, Palestinians had even less land than before. They where not happy about it and distrusted the UN for not giving them back their land. At the moment, the Israelis are searching for Palestinians organisers who are responsible for the suicide bombers. The Palestinians see it as there only weapon against the might of the Israeli army and population, and feel that yet again the world is just telling them what to do and not listening to them. There have been many peace talks, which have failed. In 1993 Israel Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian chairman Yasir Arafat agreed to sign a peace agreement, this meant Palestinians self rule in Israeli occupied territories. The peace agreement in 1993 ended after 3 years when Rabin
To what extent is Ecologism a single doctrine?
To what extent is Ecologism a single doctrine? Ecologism as an ideology is deeply divided between those who practice ‘shallow ecology’ and ‘deep ecology’, whilst also encompassing a number of other ‘classical’ ideological traditions and therefore may alternatively be seen as a ‘cross-cutting ideology’. Ecologists share a belief in ‘ecology’: the natural world is a complex web of interlinked ecosystems, the global ecosystem or biosphere being the largest. Yet the earth is a closed system with limited and exhaustible wealth. Human beings, through the aggressive pursuit of material wealth; regarding energy as ‘income’ that is topped up rather than ‘natural capital’, have upset the ‘balance of nature’ and are therefore facing extinction. Ecologism therefore tends to challenge anthropocentrism and favour ecocentrism. There is a significant difference between how ‘shallow ecologists’ and ‘deep ecologists’ interpret ecological theory. Deep ecologists completely reject anthropocentrism: the purpose of human life is to sustain nature. Environmental crisis has profound cultural and intellectual roots – the problem being a mechanistic world-view based on scientism. Deep ecologists therefore argue we must fundamentally change the way we understand the world, and look to modern physics, eastern mysticism and primitive religion for this
How have conservatives justified private property?
How have conservatives justified private property? 15 marks The conservatives have justified private property in many ways; like liberals, conservatives support the ability to accumulate wealth as an important economic incentive but they also see property as having a range of psychological and social advantages The first advantage of possessing private property is that it creates positive social values for example respect for law and order. Those who possess and enjoy their own property are more likely to respect the property of others. They will also be aware that property must be safeguarded from disorder and lawlessness. Property owners therefore have a “stake” in society: they have an interest in particular, in maintaining law and order. In this sense, property ownership can promote what can be thought of as the conservative values of respect for law, authority and social order. The second advantage is that it provides security. In an unpredictable world property ownership provides a sense of confidence and assurance as they have something to fall back on. It also provides individuals with a source of protection. This is why, for conservatives, thrift (caution in the management of money) is in itself a virtue and they encourage private savings and investment in property. Lastly, private property is seen as an extension of the individuals personality as people
What are the main features of ‘Utilitarianism as an ethical theory? (10)
What are the main features of 'Utilitarianism as an ethical theory? (10) It is important to note that whilst Utilitarianism is an ethical theory, it was also conceived as a political measure. Bentham, for example, thought that he had developed a means by which governments and individuals could work out what the correct course of action was. Utilitarianism is based on the idea of 'utility'. Utility means usefulness. What utilitarians suggest is that everyone should do the most useful thing. However, there seems to be an immediate problem with this idea in that it is not obvious what 'useful' means. The answer to this problem, according to Utilitarians, is that 'useful' means happiness. This is in fact, a development of another ethical theory known as Hedonism. Utilitarians also define good in terms of happiness. Indeed for a Utilitarian the only thing that is good itself is happiness. Another key feature of Utilitarianism is that it attempts to be 'scientific' in that Utilitarians believe that the amount of happiness can be calculated. Bentham believed that it was possible to calculate the amount of happiness in a similar way to the way that calculations are made in science and maths. He called the means for doing this the Felicific Calculus. Bentham believed that it was possible to work out what is right and wrong by following one rule. 'The greatest happiness for
Morality! The theory of ethical egoism
MORALITY! 'THE THEORY OF ETHICAL EGOISM'. This suggests that the goal of each person's life should be of his or her self-interest. Afterall, it is long-term happiness that is important, so you should be able to behave in such a way that you benefit in the long run. Everybody should apply this theory, as everyone should maximise his or her own happiness. If everyone looks out for himself or herself then everyone is happy. 'THE THEORY OF UTILITARIANISM'. This involves looking at the consequences of our actions and seeing if they cause others unhappiness or not. This theory has been expressed by Jon Stuart Mill as 'The greatest happiness for the greatest number'. This theory doesn't really focus on each individual in society like the theory of ethical egoism. The action with the greatest amount of happiness is the best one. 'THE DISCOVERED OR INVENTED ARGUMENT'. This is for those who believe that there is an absolute good way to live. The religious society may call it as 'living in accordance to god's will'. This means finding the correct principles in which one should live and then decide how to apply these principles. If we don't really believe in god then there would obviously be no absolute way to live. We could most likely say that the decisions we make are either right or wrong depending on our culture, circumstance and individual choice. Right and wrong are then
'The European Single Currency project was a bad idea from the start and ought to be abandoned.' Critically examine this statement.
'The European Single Currency project was a bad idea from the start and ought to be abandoned.' Critically examine this statement. In December 1991 the Maastricht Treaty paved the way for the European Central Bank (ECB) and the European Single Currency - the Euro. On the 1st January 1999 11 member countries replaced their national currency for the European single currency. The single currency is thought to bring Europe closer politically and economically. It is an ambitious and risky project as it is the first example where sovereign states launch a single currency project. From the introduction of the ideas about the Euro there have been mixed views regarding its success and benefits to the countries. Some of these arguments are political but most are to do with the effects a single currency can have of the economies of the membering states. A common view towards the EMU is why should a stable currency which is not facing any foreseeable downfalls be replaces with a currency to which only predictions can be made about its success? The first argument against the Euro which is going to be discussed is commonly known as the 'One Size Fits All'. The countries in the European Union have such diverse needs economically, it would be unrealistic to think that they could be brought together to have similar growth rates. This means one country could be suffering inflation when
False and Class Consciousness Relationships (between fellow workers)
False and Class Consciousness Relationships (between fellow workers) Workers are forced to sell their labour to capitalists for money in return Division of labour - jobs being divided between numerous people People de-value what they do as they don't see the final product Workers are artificially separated from other people as they have separate specific jobs Relationships (between capitalists & workers) - an exploitive one The working class can't withdraw labour as they need the wages - effectively the Bourgeoisie control them Culture Marx believed culture gave you an insight into the way capitalism was successful Two key things: * class consciousness * false consciousness * The term 'consciousness' in Marx's work refers to idea systems shared by social classes * False consciousness is where both capitalists and workers have incorrect assessments of how the system works and of their role and interest in it. While class consciousness is the possibility that the proletariat will develop an acute conception of how capitalism works and how it affects them (but they can't do anything about it) * It is startling that the Bourgeoisie experience false consciousness as it is they who are exploiting both the system and the proletariat to their advantage. Superstructure - all the institutions that support the infrastructure (economy) Because of the ruling class
Motivation is an incentive or a motive for a person do something. There have been a wide variety of theories about motivation developed over the years.:
Motivation is an incentive or a motive for a person do something. There have been a wide variety of theories about motivation developed over the years.: MASLOW Maslow classified people's needs into a hierarchy of 5 levels. The lower levels would need to be fulfilled before the higher ones could be. The more of a persons needs are fulfilled the more motivated they will be to work. Level number Needs Examples Physiological Buying basic necessities 2 Security Need for routine / familiarity 3 Affiliation Gaining trust and acceptance 4 Self-esteem Feeling useful - self-respect 5 Self-actualisation Realising potential McGREGOR Douglas McGregor published his work on motivation in 1960. He looked at the reasons why people work, and he classified them in two ways - Theory X and Theory Y. THEORY X THEORY Y People are naturally lazy and dislike work Many different factors motivate People need discipline / control People enjoy work People are motivated by money People can take responsibility for themselves People don't naturally consider others Management should give people the opportunity to show creativity HERZBERG Herzberg considered the things that satisfy people about their work, and the things that dissatisfy them. He argued that if a firm reduced factors that dissatisfy people, that would not in itself motivate them. However, it would avoid
