Discuss and Evaluate Research into the Importance of Early Childhood Attachment.
Discuss and Evaluate Research into the Importance of Early Childhood Attachment John Bowlby (1907-90), who was one of the leading psychologists in childcare believes, when a baby is born it is important for it to form a close bond to someone to ensure its survival. The need for warmth safety and food are the first things any living being needs. Babies have an inbuilt ability to promote care from the people around them; according to Bowlby they do this by smiling, crying, gazing, grasping, clinging and babbling. He also believed that this is a two-way relationship, as the mother also has a need to feel close to her child. John Bowlby did a lot of work with children. He felt that it was important for the newborn baby to form an attachment to their mother or the main caregiver. If an attachment was not made he believed that this would lead to adverse effects in later life; the child could have problems developing educationally and socially, and so would have problems throughout its life in making friends and forming intimate relationships. Mary Ainsworth was another psychologist who believed it was important for a baby to make an attachment to its main caregiver. She defined attachment as 'an affectional tie or bond that an individual...forms between him self and another individual'. (Ainsworth) In the mid-1970's Marshall Klaus and John Kennel carried out an experiment with
I carried out my observation on a group of pre-school children consisting 1 boy and 2 girls for 13 minutes in the morning free play session.
I carried out my observation on a group of pre-school children consisting 1 boy and 2 girls for 13 minutes in the morning free play session. These children were about to do leaf and twig printing for the first time. The equipment that was provided was yellow paint, brown paint and green paint all of these were in small paint trays. There was also sugar paper for the children to print their leaves on. There was also various sized leafs and twigs in a small tray. Each child went and put their aprons on. Then they came and sat sown around the table on the chairs. I explained to them what they have to do and I demonstrated this by dabbing a leaf into the paint and printing it onto a piece of sugar paper. Then I got a piece of twig and dabbed it into the paint and printed it onto the sugar paper. The children listened to me carefully and then they started to their printing. A picked a large leaf using her right and looked at it, and then she said "wow, look at how many colours this leaf has, 1, 2, 3 different colours". Next she carefully lifted another large leaf she dabbed it into the green painted. Next she printed the leaf onto the large piece sugar paper. R picked up a twig and he stroked it into the brown paint; next he stroked the twig onto the piece of sugar paper and whilst he was doing this he said "this paint is going in lines, it looks like chocolate, weeeeehhh".
The Detrimental Effects of Extensive Computer use in Education on the Development of Children.
The Detrimental Effects of Extensive Computer use in Education on the Development of Children. The aim of this paper is to prove that the extensive implementation of computers in pre-high school education is having a detrimental effect on the development of children. To clarify my aim the following definitions are offered. Computer is defined as “An automatic electronic device that rapidly performs complex mathematical and logical operations using information and instructions it receives, processes and stores (Scribner, 1986:206).” Pre-high school education is defined as any formal learning that is “attended before high school education, usually comprising grades one through eight (Scribner, 1986:456).” Development is defined as “the changes over time in structure, thought, or behaviour of a person as a result of both biological and environmental influences (Craig, Kermis and Digdon, 2001:528).” The definition of children is “developmental stages of boys or girls from birth until adolescence, or approximately 15 years of age (Craig, Kermis and Digdon, 2001:49]).” Having defined the main concepts of the aim, the supporting arguments for the aim will be presented next. The first argument I present to support my aim is that computer technology is ecological. Secondly, I argue that a computer is a tool, and to be effective it is necessary children
Sequence of three drama lessons based on the Titanic
0601027 Describe a sequence of three drama lessons that you could teach during the next phase of ESE. Discuss these with reference to the process and educational benefits of your proposed Drama learning experience. For this assignment I have developed a sequence of three lessons that I will carry out with my year 5 class during my next school placement. Whilst developing my ideas, I looked carefully into themes that could capture my class's imagination. It is important when planning drama that the subject appeals to the children. When the topic is of interest they will be more likely to listen to instructions and understand the learning objectives throughout. McCrae (2003:34) states, It is essential to find a theme that interests the participants. It will help your class to get in touch with their spontaneity more quickly if they know they are going to do something they like. McCrae (2003:34) I have chosen the theme of the sinking of the Titanic in April, 1912. I believe that this topic will hold the interest of my class and after careful consideration feel that the children will react to the story with a level of maturity and understanding. It is important however that any topic chosen is suitable for the age and maturity of the class. Children that feel out of their depth or upset by a theme may feel threatened and not perform to their full potential. Likewise
Are parents the best teachers?
Are parents the best teachers? Teacher is a person whose occupation is teaching others, especially children. The teacher can be everybody, our parents, our friends, and school professional teachers. Who is the best one? In my opinion, the answer probably is our parents. Obviously, the first teachers we have in our lives are our parents. They teach us how to walk, to speak, and to have good manners before we enter "the real world". Before we enter the school and have professional education, parents are generally the most involved in the development and education of their children. Almost for sure our parents are the best teachers at the beginning of our lives, which actually corresponds to the parents' roles in nature. Parents are the most committed and involved in teaching their children. It seems that they have this kind of responsibilities to take care of us. They love us and have great patience while passing down their knowledge to us. They wish us to be successful and thus won't teach us some bad things. During the second stage of children's growths (teenage), parents can still be in the best positions to offer advices even the children might not accept it. In this case, perhaps the children's friends would be the best teachers. The children will become much more interested in the opinions and friendship of others outside the home. They spend more time with their
Freuds Psychosexual Stages of Development
Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development Freud advanced a theory of personality development that centred on the effects of the sexual pleasure drive on the individual consciousness. The following five stages are based around the notion that with each stage, the child's libido becomes centred around certain erogenous zones. The Oral Stage The oral stage begins at birth, when the oral cavity is the primary focus of libidal energy. The child, of course, preoccupies himself with nursing, with the pleasure of sucking and accepting things into the mouth. The oral character who is frustrated at this stage, whose mother refused to nurse him on demand or who truncated nursing sessions early, is characterized by pessimism, envy, suspicion and sarcasm. The overindulged oral character, whose nursing urges were always and often excessively satisfied, is optimistic, gullible, and is full of admiration for others around him. The stage finishes at the weaning stage. The stage lasts approximately one and one-half years. The Anal Stage At one and one-half years, the child enters the anal stage. With the advent of toilet training comes the child's obsession with the erogenous zone of the anus and with the retention or expulsion of the faeces. This represents a classic conflict between the id, which derives pleasure from expulsion of bodily wastes, and the ego and superego, which
Describe the key features of the historical development of modern day psychology particularly focusing on changes in explanation of human behaviour.
Unit 1 Perspectives . Describe the key features of the historical development of modern day psychology particularly focusing on changes in explanation of human behaviour. The word psychology was derived from two Greek words, psyche meaning mind, soul, spirit and logos meaning study. Philosophy was the predecessor to psychology. The new psychology differed from philosophy because psychology has a scientific influence while philosophy had been reflecting on and speculating about the mind. In Europe around 1879 Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany. Wundt investigated the mind through introspection. He analysed conscious thought by recording research under controlled conditions. The emphasis was on measurement and control in a scientific manor, rather than speculation. Around the same time a wealthy Irish American called William James opened the 1st psychology laboratory in America at Harvard University in 1875. Like Wundt, James applied some of the principles of science to human behaviour. These two men are considered the 'founding fathers of psychology'. In Europe in the late 19th century as a reaction against Wundts Structulisum the Gestalt schools of psychology was opened in Austria and Germany. Psychologist Sigmund Freud started publishing his theories on psychoanalysis in which the unconscious mind played a
'Afternoons' - Philip Larkin
'Afternoons' - Philip Larkin He was a man who was fearful of death and disliked any travelling abroad. He was a reclusive man who kept the curtains drawn to keep the sun from fading his books. He dies in 1985; he was to have all his diaries shredded. In the poem he writes he often seems like an outsider observing people's lives, as in this poem where he is watching mothers and their children in a play area. The poem is set out in three stanzas. The first stanza the poet is explaining how the parent's youth is fading by the opening line. The lives of the young mothers are a very safe. This is because they are situated in a very safe area, with other mothers. They live in a safe community because it says in the last two lines of the first stanza "At swing and sandpit Setting free their children" This is saying that they could let their children play without being hurt and that the mother's would have a friend to talk to and have some company if their own age rather than a two year old. "In the hollows of the afternoons" This means that the mothers had some free time and that the afternoons are meaningless and empty. This sentence is a metaphor. In the second stanza there is more nostalgic than the other stanzas. The second stanza is telling us about the way the husband provides financial support. The women were the ones who did the chores at home, looked
Discuss research into the effects of environmental stressors on aggressive behaviour
Discuss research into the effects of environmental stressors on aggressive behaviour (24 marks) Temperature may be causally linked to aggression by the ways in which it is causally linked to other factors, which are also causally linked to aggression. The 'routine activity theory' by Cohen and Felson supports the idea that aggression is indirectly related to aggression. The theory states that in hot weather people are more likely to change their routines e.g. spend more time outdoors and have more contact with other people. The increase in alcohol consumption as well as this may also add to the problem. On the other hand Baron and Bell put forward the 'negative affect escape theory', which shows a direct link between temperature and aggression. The theory claims that as the temperature increases, the negative mood increases. But if the temperature becomes uncomfortable, we are said to display aggressive motives as well as looking for an escape, if an escape is possible the aggressive behaviour will come to an end. But if escape isn't possible the aggressive behaviour will persist. Anderson examined data and found that crime was most common in the hotter months and years. The relationship was strongest for violent crimes. Baron and Bell found experimental evidence for a direct link between temperature and aggression. They found that participants gave more electric
how children in different parts of the world travel to school
GCSE Maths Coursework- HANDLING DATA- July 2004 Introduction In this investigation I will examine how children in different parts of the world travel to school and how easily accessible their schools are. Accessibility will be determined by time taken to travel to school and distance covered. In order to establish a link between time taken and distance covered and how it relates to accessibility, there are a number of factors I need to take into consideration. These are examined more closely in my hypothesis. The two parts of the world I have chosen to examine are England and South Africa. I will make a prediction comparing these two countries after setting out my hypothesis. Hypothesis I am trying to find out whether it is easier for children in England to get to school than children in South Africa. In other words, I am determining accessibility for both regions. To do this clearly and precisely, I have decided on three initial methods in order to obtain my evidence. . Time Taken 2. Distance Travelled 3. Method Used I am to find out if children in England take less time to get to school by travelling a shorter distance, over a shorter length of time using various forms of modern transport which are currently not as readily available in many parts of South Africa. This is because England is on the whole more developed and westernized than
