Central Dogma Central Dogma is first starts with the finding that the genetic information found in chromosomes is located on the DNA, and not the protein, as McCarty and MacLoed announced to the public in 1944. It was then also backed by the E. Coli

 There double helix creation not only explained Chargaff’s findings but it also suggested the basic mechanism of DNA replication, which is the big part of Central Dogma. Because of the double helix, it can separate into to DNA strands, and “new” nucleotides then match up with there corresponding nucleotide (T with A and G with C). These nucleotides then are connected to form the sugar-phosphate backbones, and are identical to the “old” double helix DNA strands.

RNA polymerase is an enzyme that pries apart two strands of DNA and hooks together the RNA nucleotides. The RNA that results from the copying of the DNA nucleotides is messenger RNA. After RNA synthesis, translation occurs. Translation is the actual synthesis of a polypeptide, and it occurs under the direction of mRNA. mRNA is a copy of gene, which acts as a photocopy of a gene by having a sequence complementary to one strand of the DNA and identical to other strand who carries the information stored in the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm where the ribosome can make it into protein.  A polypeptide chain is a long string of amino acids linked together before the final protein has been completed. Amino acids are organic molecules used to make proteins. tRNA is a small RNA that has a very specific secondary and tertiay structure such that is can bind an amino acid at one end, and mRNA at the other end. It acts as an adaptor to carry the amino acid elements of a protein to the appropriate place as coded for by the mRNA. rRNA is the structural components of the ribosome, also has sequence complementarity’s to regions of the mRNA so that the ribosome knows where to bind to an mRNA it needs to make protein from.  snRNA involves in the machinery that processes RNA's as they travel between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Proteins are arranged with 20 different amino acid that can be arranged in any order to make a of up to thousands of amino acids long, their potential for variety is extraordinary. This variety allows proteins to function as exquisitely specific that compose a cell's metabolism. An E. coli , one of the most simple biological organisms, has over a 1000 different proteins working at various times to catalyze the necessary reactions to sustain life.