- Data Prossing and Presentation:
A. Stoichiometry Calculations Regarding Molarity
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AgNO3
.0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 169.9 g/ 1 mol = 1.1699 g AgNO3
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BaCl2
.0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 208.736 g/ 1 mol = 2.08736 g BaCl2
3. Na2CO3
.0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 105.988g/ 1 mol = 1.05988 g Na2C03
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K3PO4
.0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 195.995 g/ 1 mol = 1.95995 g K3PO4
- KBr
.0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 119.002 g/ 1 mol = 1.19002 g KBr
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Zn (NO3)2
.0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 189.398 g/ 1 mol = 1.89398 g Zn (NO3)2
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K2 CrO4
.0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 194.188 g/ 1 mol = 1.94188 g K2CrO4
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Fe2Cl3
.0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 218.553 g/ 1 mol = 2.18553 g Fe2Cl3
- NaOH
.0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 39.99 g/ 1 mol = .399 g NaOH
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Mg Cl2
.0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 95.21 g/ 1 mol = .9521 g Mg Cl2
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NaC2H3O2
0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 82.02 g/ 1 mol = .8202 g NaC2H3O2
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(NH4)2SO4
0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 132.12 g/ 1 mol = 1.3212 g (NH4)2SO4
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Al (NO3)3
0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 212.92 g/ 1 mol = 2.1292 g Al (NO3)3
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Pb (NO3)2
0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 3331.161/g mol = 2.1292 g Pb (NO3)2
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Cu (NO3)2
0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 187.5 g/ mol = 1.875 g Cu (NO3)2
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Cu (NO3)
0102 H20 × 1mol/1L × 161.85 g/ mol = .8403 g Cu (NO3)
B. Reaction Equations:
AgNO3(aq)+ Cu(NO3)2(aq)→ 2AgNO3(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
AgNO3(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → 2AgNO3(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)
AgNO3(aq) + Al(NO3)3(aq) → 2AgNO3(aq) + Al(NO3)3(aq)
2AgNO3(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq) → Ag2SO4(s) + 2NH4NO3(aq)
AgNO3(aq) + NaC2H3O2(aq) → AgC2H3O2(aq) + NaNO3(aq)
2AgNO3(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → 2AgCl(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
AgNO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) → AgOH(s) + NaNO3(aq)
3AgNO3(aq) + FeCl3(aq) → 3AgCl(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq)
2AgNO3(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → Ag2CrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
2AgNO3(aq) + Zn(NO3)2(aq) → 2AgNO3(aq) + Zn(NO3)2(aq)
AgNO3(aq) + NaBr(aq) → AgBr(s) + NaNO3(aq)
3AgNO3(aq) + Na3PO4(aq) → Ag3PO4(s) + 3NaNO3(aq)
2AgNO3(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(aq) → 2AgNO3(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)
2AgNO3(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → Ag2CO3(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
2AgNO3(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → 2AgCl(s) + Ba(NO3)2(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → Ba(NO3)2(aq) + CuCl2(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → Ba(NO3)2(aq) + PbCl2(s)
BaCl2(aq)+ Al(NO3)3(aq) → Ba(NO3)2(aq) + AlCl2(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NH4Cl(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + NaC2H3O2(aq) → Ba(C2H3O2)2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + MgCl2(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Ba(OH)2(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + FeCl3(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + FeCl3(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → BaCrO4(s) + 2KCl(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + Zn(NO3)2(aq) → Ba(NO3)2(aq) + 2ZnCl(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + NaBr(aq) → BaBr2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq)
3BaCl2(aq) + 2Na3PO4(aq) → Ba3(PO4)2(aq) + 6NaCl(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(aq) → Ba(NO3)2(aq) + CaCl2(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → BaCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
Na2CO3(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + CuCO3(s)
Na2CO3(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + PbCO3(s)
Na2CO3(aq) + Al(NO3)3(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + AlCO3(s)
Na2CO3(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq) → NaSO4(aq) + (NH4)2CO3(aq)
Na2CO3(aq) + NaC2H3O2(aq) → Na2CO3(aq) + NaC2H3O2(aq)
Na2CO3(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + MgCO3(s)
Na2CO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) →NaOH(aq) + Na2CO3(aq)
3Na2CO3(aq) + 2FeCl3(aq) → 6NaCl(aq) + Fe2(CO3)3(s)
Na2CO3(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → Na2CrO4(aq) + K2CO3(aq)
Na2CO3(aq) + Zn(NO3)2(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + ZnCO3(s)
Na2CO3(aq) + NaBr(aq) → Na2CO3(aq) + NaBr(aq)
Na2CO3(aq) + NaPO4(aq) → Na2CO3(aq) + NaPO4(aq)
Na2CO3(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + CaCO3(s)
Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)
Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Al(NO3)3(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Al(NO3)3(aq)
Ca(NO3)2(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq) → CaSO4(s) + 2NH4NO3(aq)
Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaC2H3O2(aq) → Ca(C2H3O2)2(aq) + 2NaNO3(aq)
Ca(NO3)2(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + Mg(NO3) (aq)
Ca(NO3)2(aq) + NaOH(aq) → Ca(OH)2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
3Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2FeCl3(aq) → 3CaCl2(aq) + 2Fe(NO3)3(aq)
Ca(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4 → Ca(CrO4)2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Zn(NO3)2 → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Zn(NO3)2(aq)
Ca(NO3)2(aq) + NaBr → CaBr2(aq) + 2NaNO3(aq)
3Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2Na3PO4(aq) → Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6NaNO3(aq)
2Na3PO4(aq) + 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) → 6NaNO3(aq) + Cu3(PO4)2(s)
2Na3PO4(aq) + 3Pb(NO3)2(aq) → 6NaNO3(aq) + Pb3(PO4)2(s)
Na3PO4(aq) + Al(NO3)3 → 3NaNO3(aq) + AlPO4(s)
2Na3PO4(aq) + 3(NH4)2SO4(aq) → 3Na2SO4(aq) + 2(NH4)3PO4(aq)
Na3PO4(aq) + NaC2H3O2(aq) → Na3PO4(aq) + NaC2H3O2(aq)
2Na3PO4(aq) + 3MgCl2(aq) → 6NaCl(aq) + Mg3(PO4)2(s)
Na3PO4(aq)+ NaOH(aq) → Na3PO4(aq) + NaOH(aq)
Na3PO4(aq)+ FeCl3(aq) → 3NaCl(aq) + FePO4(s)
2Na3PO4(aq) + 3K2CrO4(aq)→ 3Na2CrO4(aq) + 2K3PO4(aq)
Na3PO4(aq) + 3Zn(NO3)2(aq)→ 6NaNO3(aq) + Zn3(PO4)2(s)
Na3PO4(aq)+ NaBr(aq) → Na3PO4(aq) + NaBr(aq)
2NaBr(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + CuBr2(aq)
2NaBr(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + PbBr2(s)
3NaBr(aq) + Al(NO3)3(aq) → 3NaNO3(aq) + AlBr3(aq)
2NaBr(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq)→ Na2SO4(aq) + 2NH4Br(aq)
NaBr(aq) + NaC2H3O2(aq) → NaBr(aq) + NaC2H3O2(aq)
2NaBr(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + MgBr2(aq)
NaBr(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaBr(aq) + NaOH(aq)
3NaBr(aq) + FeCl3(aq) → 3NaCl(aq) + FeBr3(aq)
2NaBr(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → NaCrO4(aq) + 2KBr(aq)
2NaBr(aq) + Zn(NO3)2(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + ZnBr2(aq)
Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)
Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Al(NO3)3(aq) → Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Al(NO3)3(aq)
Zn(NO3)2(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + 2NH4NO3(aq)
Zn(NO3)2(aq) + NaC2H3O2(aq) → Zn(C2H3O2)2(aq) + 2NaNO3(aq)
Zn(NO3)2(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
Zn(NO3)2(aq) + NaOH(aq) → Zn(OH)2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
3Zn(NO3)2(aq) + 2FeCl3(aq) → 3ZnCl2(aq) + 2Fe(NO3)3(aq)
Zn(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → ZnCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
K2CrO4(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → 2KNO3(aq) + Cu(CrO4)2(s)
K2CrO4(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → 2KNO3(aq) + Pb(CrO4)2(s)
3K2CrO4(aq) + 2Al(NO3)3(aq) → 6KNO3(aq) + Al2(CrO4)3(s)
K2CrO4(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq) → K2SO4(aq) + (NH4)2CrO4(aq)
K2CrO4(aq) + 2NaC2H3O2(aq) → 2KC2H3O2(aq) + NaCrO4(aq)
K2CrO4(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → 2KCl(aq) + MgCrO4(s)
K2CrO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → 2KOH(aq) + Na2CrO4(aq)
3K2CrO4(aq) + 2FeCl3(aq) → 6KCl(aq) + Fe2(CrO4)2(s)
2FeCl3(aq) + 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) → 2Fe(NO3)3(aq) + 3CuCl2(aq)
2FeCl3(aq) + 3Pb(NO3)2(aq) → 2Fe(NO3)3(aq) + 3PbCl2(s)
FeCl3(aq) + Al(NO3)3(aq) → Fe(NO3)3(aq) +AlCl3(aq)
2FeCl3(aq) + 3(NH4)2SO4(aq) → Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 6NH4Cl(aq)
FeCl3(aq) + 3NaC2H3O2(aq) → Fe(C2H3O2)3(aq) + 3NaCl(aq)
FeCl3(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → FeCl3(aq) + MgCl2(aq)
FeCl3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) → Fe(OH)3(s) + 3NaCl(aq)
2NaOH(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)
2NaOH(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + Pb(OH)2(s)
3NaOH(aq) + Al(NO3)3(aq) → 3NaNO3(aq) + Al(OH)3(s)
2NaOH(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2NH4OH(aq)
NaOH(aq) + NaC2H3O2(aq) → NaOH(aq) + NaC2H3O2(aq)
2NaOH(aq)+ MgCl2(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s)
MgCl2(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → Mg(NO3)2(aq) + CuCl2(aq)
MgCl2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → Mg(NO3)2(aq) + PbCl2(s)
3MgCl2(aq)+ 2Al(NO3)3(aq) → 3Mg(NO3)2(aq) + 2AlCl3(aq)
MgCl2(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq) → MgSO4(s) + 2NH4Cl(aq)
MgCl2(aq) + 2NaC2H3O2(aq) → Mg(C2H3O2)2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq)
2NaC2H3(aq)O2 + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + Cu(C2H3O2)2(aq)
NaC2H3O2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq)
3NaC2H3O2(aq) + 2Al(NO3)3(aq) → 6NaNO3(aq) + 2Al(C2H3O2)3(aq)
2NaC2H3O2(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2NH4C2H3O2(aq)
(NH4)2SO4(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → NH4NO3(aq) + CuSO4(aq)
(NH4)2SO4(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → NH4NO3(aq) + PbSO4(s)
3(NH4)2SO4(aq) + 2Al(NO3)3(aq) → 6NH4NO3(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq)
Al(NO3)3(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → Al(NO3)3(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
Al(NO3)3(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → Al(NO3)3(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → Pb(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
- Conclusion and Evaluation:
My hypothesis, “If the compound is containing mettle and is added to a compound that is also containing mettle. The two mettles will change places and then something in the equation will precipitate out of the solution. The majority of the elements will not precipitate and none will have a whole solution of precipitant. All will have some form of ion solution that we are left over from the chemical reaction.” Was correct. The statement that I made was correct but at the time of the hypothesis I could not comprehend the complexity and the knowledge that would come out of a few simple and harmless experiments, such as this. Thus looking back I feel that I could have written a more complex and informative hypothesis.
When asked to classify the outcomes and pieces of the experiment as qualitative or quantitative I came up with this. The qualitative aspects of this lab have a wide range. The first would be the colors themselves. With each different in its own way it is possible to distinguish certain chemical reaction from other chemical reactions. The qualitative data for this lab would include the chemical formulas. It would also include the mathematical calculations of precipitants. There was also the mathematical calculation that was required to determine the correct ratio that needed to be combined to create the solutions. This math needed to be conducted with great precision and accuracy.
One way in which this experiment could be improved would be to limit the sources of error that were present throughout the experiment. The first would be to use greater quantities of the solutions so the reaction could be better observed. Threw the use of a larger quantity of solution I could have mixed the elements in a flask thus producing a more observable and a more accurate observation. This type of experiment continuity is vital in order to derive any factual conclusions about the chemical bonding of different elements.
Next time around some interesting paths to take from this experiment would be to expand the chemical testing to more elements such as some more exotic compounds. It would also be interesting to observe the nature of some things like pesticides such as acephate (C4H10NO3PS) and also the nature of the very versatile and commonly used element Hg. The experiment was quite informative of the chemical nature of simple elements and how it works. It also brought about a realization of how much work and chemistry really goes into the everyday chemical reactions.