The function for Gravity is defined as F = G
The function for Electricity is defined as F = k .
The function for Magnetic Force is defined as F = k .
The force acts between proton and electron is also defined as F = k .
As you see, you can tell there is a similarity very easily. Therefore we can assume that there is one basic relationship between all of them, and this is the idea of the grand unification theory.
Isaac Newton discovered the unification of terrestrial and celestial mechanics, which is called Universal Gravitation today. James Clerk Maxwell succeeded the unification of electricity, magnetism and light, which is called Electromagnetism today. Albert Einstein developed the idea of space-time geometry and the theory of gravitation. And recently the theories of weak force and electromagnetism are unified by Glashow, Weinberg and Salaam in 1979, and this theory is known as Standard Model of particle physics. The weak and interactions have been unified under electroweak theory (the Nobel Prize for 1979). Grand unification theories attempt to treat both strong and electroweak interactions under the same mathematical structure.
The features of unification of these 4 forces are:
1. 1. Through the application of rotational dynamics and gyroscopic analysis the GFT unifies Newton's Gravitational Force Law, Coulomb's Law, and Ohm's Law.
2. 2. It derives the masses of both the electron and proton and other elementary particles.
3. 3. It provides a logical model of quark aggregation and formation.
4. 4. It establishes the basis for the existence of fractional charges as posited in the Standard Model.
5. 5. It provides a classical foundation for Quantum Mechanical principles through the use of Kepler's Third Law.
6. 6. It proves that the Schrodinger Equation is based upon the classical principles of rotational dynamics.
7. 7. It provides a logical model for superconductivity in general, and plasmoidal superconductivity specifically.
8. 8. It proves that the strong force is a manifestation of an electrostatic attraction.
9. 9. It refutes the existence of dark matter.
10. 10. It explains the dynamics of a Faraday Homopolar Generator. (Johnson, Willie Jr.)
This sounds as if it is possible to unify every natural forces together, a unified theory, however the unification with Gravity has not been achieved yet. There are still many problems to reach the theory. Now, due to the greatest physicists’ work, the need is to put gravity and other 3 forces together. However, one thinkable reason for not being able to do it is that other forces are defined as particles, but the gravitational particle, graviton, has not been discovered yet. The theory of Gravity is only an equation of the phenomenon. Nevertheless, Graviton is very reasonable factor and the existence of it is believable among scientists. Yet the biggest struggle of scientists and most important but can’t do is experiment. We haven’t had enough money and equipments even ways to confirm their ideas today. This is the hardest part for science because scientists have to show and prove real existences of their ideas. Therefore it is still far to unify everything together.
Many scientists have been assuming that there is relativity between these Forces, which are Gravity, Electromagnetic Force, Strong Force, and Weak Force but never been discovered. However a new light of our hope is coming trough to the physicists to solve these problems and conclude the unification. That is the idea of the Superstring Theory.
In 1984, John Schwarz from California Institute Technology University, and Michel Green from Queen Marry University in London published the superstring theory. Before the superstring theory appeared in the world, the quantum field theory was the most developed theory for the unification of forces. This theory is based on setting every kind of forces as particles’ behavior. However because of undiscovered particle of gravitation called graviton, this theory has to ignore the gravity force. Therefore many scientists have had hard time to make the gravity relate to the other forces. However the superstring theory makes it possible to combine quantum mechanics, like electromagnetic and atoms, and gravity.
According to string theory, there is no elementary particle, but pieces of vibrating strings. Each different vibration with different frequency created by the string determines its charge and mass, physical quantities. These strings are considered not made of anything; they are fundamental constituent of matter.
The length of this string is 1.6 x 10 cm, and
The mass of the string is 2.2 x 10 kg.
It is too small to observe the string for today. Therefore it was the only a beautiful mathematical construction before. In 1996, however, some experiment was done by Andrew Strominger. They tried to derive a result with classical physics obtained from the string theory, and they succeeded. We haven’t been able to see the string and use them in experiment because of some technological and financial problem; nevertheless Andrew Strominger showed the classical physics also could be obtained from the string theory by experiment.
However this theory is not perfect yet. One reason for that is this theory is shown in the world of 10 dimensions. Our world is made up with 4 dimensions including the 4th time dimension. The other 6 dimensions are considered as curled up and very to small to be observed and put them into a small compact space. Anyways we need to link these two spaces, our 4 dimensional and 6 dimensional compact space, to describe our world. Another reason that makes it hard to apply to the real world is the types of string which are not only one. There are 5 different types of strings that exist theoretically; therefore, as the result; the solutions by these different strings will be many. That does not sound for the theory for everything.
Finally, it is still hard to reach the grand unification theory, but it is appearing to us step by step. There is another theory called M theory, and it is an advantage of the string theory, and that may help to solve problems.
In conclusion, the grand unification theory is still undefined, and it needs time to find that still. However if we could get to the goal, finding a rule for everything, we could approach the origin of the universe, because at the beginning, only one thing was born, and then it started to spread out. The idea of grand unification theory is very scientific and may be unusual to general people; however, as people start thinking about it because they wondered how we are created and what happened at the beginning. This is a general and unconcluded question but most people have thought about. Such an idea that the great physicist Albert Einstein started is still in mystery. However we are approaching the goal. Originally there was only one power and everything has been spread and separated from the one existence or nothing. To figure out the origin of universe and what happened then is our dream and the unification theory is the hope of us to see the truth, and it is not too far from us now I believe.
