James Potter
Jake Morris
4th Period
Honors Bio
The immune system plays a very important role in the functioning of our bodies. The basic function of our immune system is preventing the growing and spreading of cancers, as well as attacking and fighting invading pathogens. The immune system does this by neutralizing their toxins. The immune system is a two-part defense mechanism. It is made up of cells, organs, tissues, and body systems that fight bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, and harmful chemicals. The immune system protects the human body against problems that may arise during the process of immunization. The functioning and roles of the immune system varies upon each organ, in terms of fighting off pathogens. Keeping pathogens from the blood is the function of the spleen. The spleen is around the size of an apple and is located directly behind the stomach. The white blood cells accumulated in the spleen react when to the pathogens when they are trapped. Along the vessels of the lymphatic system throughout the body, lymph nodes are found. They filter out the pathogens from the various lymph and interpret them to white blood cells. B cells and T cells are the two major types of lymphocytes. B cells are constructed in the bone marrow. They also complete their growth and maturity there. Also produced in the bone marrow are the T cells. One difference that the B cells and T cells have is that the T cells do not mature until they are thru roaming to the thymus. The main function of the skin is also an essential element of the immune system. With its rough keratin shield, the skin provides a physical barrier to pathogens. A small cut or break in the skin often allows the penetrating of pathogens into the body. If your skin gets significantly corrupted it can eventually even become a threaten to your life! If you have burns of any degree, you are definitely defenseless to infections. Numerous fungi and bacteria are toxic to secretions the skin discharges like, for example, oils, sweats, and waxes. The cell walls of bacteria are destroyed by enzymes like lysozyme, which is commonly found in sweat. The growth of pathogens, whatsoever, restrains the maturing of pathogens which sometimes results in detrimental infections. There are various actions and proceedings of B cells and T cells in an immune response. Step one is when the macrophage engulfs and obliterates a pathogen. Then the macrophage flaunts portions of the antigens of the pathogen. These are located on the surface of its own cell membrane. The macrophage liberates a cytokine named interleukin-1, when a helper T cell with a receptor pairing to this antigen encounters the macrophage. This interleukin-1 prompts the helper T cell to discharge another cytokine, which is called interleukin-2.
