Investigate four factors that may affect the strength for electromagnets: the number of turns, the size of the current, the nature of the current (a.c. or d.c.) and the distance between the sensor and the magnet.

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Strength of electromagnets

Design

Research question

Investigate four factors that may affect the strength for electromagnets: the number of turns, the size of the current, the nature of the current (a.c. or d.c.) and the distance between the sensor and the magnet. This experiment will be divided into 4 parts investigating each of the 4 factors.

For each part, the independent variable is one of the 4 conditions (the number of turns, the size of the current, the nature of the current (a.c. or d.c.) and the distance between the sensor and the magnet). The dependent variable is the strength received by the sensor. The controlled variables will be the room temperature and the other three factors.

Materials and methods

The materials I used are a magnet, a long copper wire, an ammeter, a sensor, power supply, a thermometer, a graphical calculator and a rheostat.

Part 1: Number of turns

1 Measure the room temperature and record as ‘t’.

2 Set the power supply as a.c., set the rheostat at position A and keep the sensor 5cm from the magnet. Keep these three conditions constant throughout the whole part.

3 Connect the circuit as the diagram showed.

4 Twine the wire on the magnet with 20 turns.

5 Turn on the switch and record 5 successive readings on the graphical calculator as ‘X1 T’ (since the reading changes all the time)

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6 Turn off the switch and change only and increase the number of turns on the magnet by 10 turns.

7 Turn on the switch and record the new 5 successive readings on the graphical calculator as ‘X2 T’

8 Repeat step 6&7 for another 4 times and correlatively get X3 X4 X5 X6  T.

        Part 2: Size of the current

1 Measure the room temperature and record as ‘t’.

2 Set the power supply as a.c., twine the wire on the magnet with 10 turns and keep the sensor 5cm from the magnet. Keep these three conditions constant throughout the whole ...

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The candidate has fairly good spelling, punctuation, and grammar. However, they have not stuck to convention in places, for example using the past tense 'I used' in the method section, when 'I will use' is more conventional. Their descriptions of the method are very good, and could easily be followed by someone who had not seen them carry out the experiment. They have also included a diagram. However, the sections of the report need to be more clearly headed - with bold, underlined test for clarity and ease of reading. Overall, the report is readable and does its purpose, but could be quickly and easily improved by changing the presentation slightly.

The candidate has, where possible, analysed their results fairly well. They have drawn several graphs, calculated lines of best fit, and then described (albeit briefly) what these graphs show. However, they could have improved their analysis by drawing error bars on the graphs, showing calculations for identifying any anomalous results (every though there doesn't appear to be any, it's still good to check, and may be essential to gain marks), and describing the relationships between the variables and the strength of the magnetic field - for example describing it as 'inversely proportional'.

The candidate has carried out an experiment to investigate how four factors affect the strength of the magnetic field of an electromagnet. They have successfully answered the question, but there is still a lot of room to develop their answer further, for example comparing their results to formulae or explaining the physics behind the phenomenon. All their analysis needs to be written up in their conclusion, rather than a vague statement that three of the factors had 'an effect'. Additionally, they have used different settings for each experiment - for example they changed the number of turns on the magnet between experiments, which makes it harder to compare results. Also, they have failed to use the necessary equipment to be able to thoroughly analyse their results - an ammeter should be available within school for them to use, and is essential for analysing the results when they investigated the effect of changing the current. Despite this, they have still carried out the experiments well with consistent results, and used these to answer to original question.