Kidney Failure can be caused by:
1. Kidney Infections – can cause inflammation of kidneys which can damage the cells. This interferes with filtering in renal capsules or with reabsorption in other parts of the nephron.
2. High B.P can damage glomeruli. Blood in glomeruli is already under high pressure but capillaries can be damaged if blood pressure gets too high. Hence, larger molecules like proteins can get through capillary walls and into urine.

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Kidney Failure can cause a lot of problems:

Waste products build up – e.g. urea which can cause weight loss and vomiting
Fluid accumulates in the tissues because the kidneys can’t remove excess water from the blood causing parts of the body to swell, also if salt build-up.

Ions become imbalanced as blood may become too acidic and calcium/phosphate imbalance can lead to brittle bones. 
Long –term kidney failure causes anaemia- a lack of haemoglobin in the blood.

Renal Dialysis:- Machine used to filter blood. Blood flows on one side of a partially permeable membrane and dialsysis fluid flows on the ...

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