Lymphedema development in the human body

Lymphedema can split into two types- primary and secondary. Primary being occurring on its own and secondary lymphedema being caused by another disease or condition. Secondary lymphedema is known to be more common than primary lymphedema. Secondary lymphedema can be caused by any procedure or condition that has a damage on the lymph vessels or lymph nodes. Lymph nodes can get injured during surgery that involves blood vessels in the limbs. Also, lymph nodes may be removed in order to examine the spread of breast cancer.

During radiation treatment for cancer, lymph nodes or lymph vessels can get scarred and inflamed due to radiation. Also, if a tumour which grows near a lymph node or lymph vessel could grow big enough to block the flow of the lymph fluid. Another most common cause of lymphedema is infection of the lymph nodes or parasites which restrict the lymph fluid’s flow. This type of cause is more likely to occur in developing countries and commonly occurs in tropical regions.

Primary lymphedema is an inherited condition which occurs rarely and problems with the development of the lymph vessels take place in the body. More specifically, Milroy’s disease (congenital lymphedema) is a cause to lymphedema in infants as lymph nodes form abnormally.

Those who have obesity, in particular severely obese people, are inclined to develop lymphedema. The reason is not very clear, however it is suggested that the excess adipose (fatty tissue) affect the lymphatic system in a way that reduces the lymph fluid flow through them.

The drainage of the lymph fluid is affected by movement and exercise; therefore, muscle activity will aid in the drainage as it massages the surrounding lymph vessels and allows the fluid to flow efficiently thorough the lymphatic system. Bedbound people are more likely to develop lymphedema.