Cell Microstructure and function
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Chromosomes
Transfer RNA
DNA
Messenger RNA
Centrioles
Phospholipids
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Cell membrane
Cell membrane is a thin, elastically, living semi permeable membrane so it controls what goes in and out of the cells. Cell membrane is also made up of two layers of lipids with protein molecules between them which are called phospholipids bilayer. The outer side of each layers is hydrophobic (water hating) while the inward facing lipid chain that touch the water are hydrophilic (water-loving). Phospholipids act as building blocks of the biological cell membranes in virtually all organisms.
Nucleus
The nucleus is the control centre of a cell. It contains the cell's hereditary information (DNA) and controls the cell's growth and reproduction. The nucleus also controls the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins in the cytoplasm.
Nucleolus
Nucleolus is one of the most essential elements of the nucleus. It is a tiny spherical shape at the innermost portion of the cell nucleus, non-membranous, minute organelles that is composed of protein and RNA and associated with the formation of ribosomes (cell structures where protein synthesis takes place) and ribosomal RNA (ribonucleic acid) and the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The main function of nucleolus is the production and assembling of subunits which together form the cell organelle called ribosomes. The ribosomes are a site for proteins synthesis; which is why the nucleolus plays an indirect but crucial role in the synthesis of protein. The nucleolus carries out 50% of the total production of RNA which takes place in cells. This functionality is attributed to hundreds of r-genes present in the nucleolus.