Notes on Cell Microstructure and function

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Cell Microstructure and function

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleolus

Chromosomes

Transfer RNA

 DNA

Messenger RNA

Centrioles

Phospholipids

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondria

Lysosomes

        

Cell membrane

Cell membrane is a thin, elastically, living semi permeable membrane so it controls what goes in and out of the cells. Cell membrane is also made up of two layers of lipids with protein molecules between them which are called phospholipids bilayer. The outer side of each layers is hydrophobic (water hating) while the inward facing lipid chain that touch the water are hydrophilic (water-loving). Phospholipids act as building blocks of the biological cell membranes in virtually all organisms.

Nucleus

The nucleus is the control centre of a cell. It contains the cell's hereditary information (DNA) and controls the cell's growth and reproduction. The nucleus also controls the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins in the cytoplasm.

Nucleolus

Nucleolus is one of the most essential elements of the nucleus. It is a tiny spherical shape at the innermost portion of the cell nucleus, non-membranous, minute organelles that is composed of protein and RNA and associated with the formation of ribosomes (cell structures where protein synthesis takes place) and ribosomal RNA (ribonucleic acid) and the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The main function of nucleolus is the production and assembling of subunits which together form the cell organelle called ribosomes. The ribosomes are a site for proteins synthesis; which is why the nucleolus plays an indirect but crucial role in the synthesis of protein. The nucleolus carries out 50% of the total production of RNA which takes place in cells. This functionality is attributed to hundreds of r-genes present in the nucleolus.

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Mitochondria

Mitochondria is the second largest organelle with unique genetic structure and it is responsible for metabolism of cells so its primary function is to generate the energy that is required for cells activity by the help of using enzymes.

Golgi body

Golgi apparatus is a stack shaped organelles which compacts the proteins that are synthesize by ribosome so basically it stores and package the protein and lipids then export it to another cell organelles for the use inside the cells

Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)

Endoplasmic is responsible for making the protein and lipid component of all ...

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