Precipitation- it is when a transition metal compound is mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution which leads to a displacement reaction, since sodium is more reactive then transitional metals so it takes over the transition metal place/position from the compound, the substance produced at the end of this in any case is always a transition metal hydroxide, it is also insoluble where it is a solid in the liquid so it is called a “precipitate”.
Centrifugation- this another method to separate substances but uses centrifugal force to separate the mixture with a “centrifuge” commonly used in industry and science labs, the machine itself spins at high speeds where it forces separates the substances that have different densities, this is done by the centrifuge being at an axis when it spins so it creates a g-force, so the speed accelerates differently at different angles.
Filtration- most common method for separating solid from liquid, more specifically insoluble solid like rock from a liquid such as water, this process does not require no heating or cooling or other method but just filter paper where it is placed upon a filter above a beaker where then the mixture is poured through the top only allowing the liquid pass and the solid just sits on the filter paper.
Drying- (agent) it is a condensation reaction which removes water from molecules. So it is a substance that promotes “drying” such as calcium oxide that absorbs water that is used to remove moisture.
Crystallisation- it is the formation of crystals, it is used to separate solids that have dissolved into a liquid, the solution is actually not heated up but warmed up where it allows the solvent t be evaporated leaving the saturated solution behind, as the remaining solution is left to cool down crystals (remaining solid) will start to emerge out of the solution, the crystals can then be filtered to get rid of the remaining liquid, faster cooling allows more smaller crystals to emerge whereas slow cooling allows small amount of larger crystals but they both have the same density.
Solvent extraction- it works by placing the substances in a material mixture that has two different solubility’s, in the machine which mechanical vibrations are used shake the different mixtures together, so it is a process using solvents to separate compounds, the different materials are separated depending on their solubilities, so it makes the solution pure this can be done by using pivalic acid.
Electrophoresis- it is the movement of charge particle within a liquid under the influence of a electric field, they are used to separate molecules depending on their size, shape and charge, it is also used to find the mass of an item.