Maths Coursework – Artic Research
Maths Coursework - Artic Research Speed of wind - 50 km/h blowing from the west Speed of aeroplane - 200 km/h I will treat the aircraft as a particle, instant and constant speed will be assumed, take of and landing times will be ignored. The aircrafts speed will be affected by the speed and direction on the wind. As we assume the aircraft speed, wind speed and direction will be constant; we can use vector diagrams to work out how long the journey will take. I will have my first base camp in the middle. I will then place the base camp at different areas in the circle, and see how this effects the journey time. I will then work out a general formula for any speed of aircraft, wind speed and direction, so the journey time could be worked for any variables of these 3. Circle 1 - radius = 50km. First observation site - north (0?). Resultant velocity will have to act from the base camp to the observation site. 50km h-1 Observation site 200km h-1 Resultant velocity ? Base camp Angle ? = Sine ? =50 / 200 ? =1/4 ? = Sine-1 (1/4) * =11.25? This angle 11.25? can be used to work out the bearing of the aircraft. Bearing = 360? - 11.25? = 348.75? So how long would the journey take? First we have to use Pythagoras' theorem to work out the speed of the aircraft. Pythagoras' theorem is "the sum of the squares of the opposite and adjacent = hypotenuse"
Particle accelerators are used to study matter and energy.
ACCELERATORS Introduction Particle accelerators are used to study matter and energy. They accelerate charged particles through an electric field in an evacuated tube. The particles collide into a target or another particle. The collision point is in a detector, which records how the particles collide. All accelerators use a strong magnetic field to move particles. They all have the same three main parts: * A source of particles or ions * A tube pumped to a vacuum * A way of speeding up the particles. The three main types are: * cyclotron (spiral) * synchrotron (circular) * linear (linac) Cyclotron A cyclotron is a resonance accelerator. It has of two large dipole magnets which produce a semi-circular region of magnetic field. An oscillating voltage is applied to produce an electric field across the gap between the 2 semicircles. Particles are injected into the magnetic field region. They go in a semicircular path until they reach the gap. Then the electric field in the gap accelerates the particles. The particles have higher energy so follow a semicircular path with larger radius. The electric field frequency must be just right to accelerate the particles. Synchrotron A synchrotron is a circular accelerator which has 'electromagnetic resonant cavities' placed at regular intervals around a ring to accelerate the particles. Particles pass through each
Physics Coursework, Visit to Holly House
Physics Coursework, Visit to Holly House Hospital, February 2005 We visited Holly House Hospital on 26th January 2005 to look at how physics is used in the medical profession, and how it is used in medical diagnosis. Whilst being shown around the separate radiology unit at the hospital, I noticed how Magnetic Resonance Imaging used different ways to look within patients, and helped specialists to try to diagnose and treat internal problems. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) MRI was discovered in July 1977. French scientists discovered that using powerful electromagnetic fields and radio waves could produce images. The machine in which the patient is placed is very large. Most machines are so large that they completely fill up an entire room. The standard size of a scanner is 7 feet tall by 7 feet wide by 10 feet long, with a hole in the middle that is only just large enough to fit a patient inside. On top of this hole, and running through the whole scanner is a magnet, which is known as the 'bore'. The patient enters the bore lying on his/her back on a special table, which has the ability to move in and out of the bore. Many patients find the examination very uncomfortable, as they have to lay still for about half an hour whilst the scan takes place. Only the part of the body that is to be scanned is scanned, and the patient can either enter head first or feet first, which
Investigate ways of inducing a current in a coiled conductor and ways of affecting the size of the induced current.
INDUCING CURRENT in a COILED CONDUCTOR. Experiment Number 1 (15-06-04) Name: Suzanne Poulgrain AIM: To investigate ways of inducing a current in a coiled conductor and ways of affecting the size of the induced current APPARATUS / MATERIALS: * Galvanometer * 2 solenoids (different number of turns) * iron core * bar magnet * 2 electrical leads PROCEDURE: . The experiment was set up as seen in Diagram 1. 2. The N pole of the magnet was: a. plunged into the solenoid b. held stationary within the solenoid c. moved circularly inside the solenoid d. quickly removed from the solenoid. 3. The magnet was then held stationary and the solenoid moved a. up b. left 4. The iron core was then placed within the solenoid and the magnet: a. plunged into the solonoid b. withdrawn from the solenoid. 5. The magnet was plunged into the solenoid at a: a. slow speed b. medium speed c. rapid speed. 6. Two magnets were plunged into the solenoid with constant speed. 7. The second solenoid (with additional turns) was used in place of the first solenoid and the magnet plunged: a. Into the solenoid with constant speed b. out of the solenoid with constant speed. 8. All qualitative results were recoded in Table 1. DIAGRAM 1: Set up for Experiment 1. RESULTS: Table 1-Qualitative Observations of Experiment 1. Step Action Observation of galvanometer's
Relating the Physics of Rollercoasters to Space Travel
The concept of 'space travel' has always been a great feat for humans. The Apollo program was the first initiative which successfully landed humans on the moon and was a result from the 'space race' between the Soviet Union and the United States. The program began after President John F. Kennedy declared in 1961 the goal of landing on the moon before the end of the decade. Along with this declaration came the complications of space travel. These included consideration of Newton's three laws of motion, gravity and weight, energy considerations and transformations and trials linking space travel to the physics of roller coasters. Newton's First law of Motion states that 'objects at rest will stay at rest and objects in motion will stay in motion and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force'. When launching a rocket, forces are constantly becoming balanced and unbalanced. For example, a rocket on a launch pad is balanced as the surface of the pad pushes the rocket while gravity attempts to pull it down. When the engines are started, the thrust from the rocket unbalances the forces and the rocket travels up until it runs out of fuel, upon which it will fall back to Earth. This change in motion relates to Newton's first law of motion. Similarly, other objects in space also react to various forces. Spacecrafts will travel in a straight line with constant
Electro-magnetic Induction.
Electro-magnetic Induction Plan During this investigation I shall be looking at electro-magnetic induction. Electro-magnetic induction happens when a magnet is moved in or near a coil. In order for a current to be induced, the coil has to be part of a complete circuit. Even without a complete circuit, a potential difference is still induced across either end of the coil. Moving a magnet into a coil causes a current to be induced in one direction and then moving it back out of the coil induces a current in the opposite direction. A voltage can only be induced by the movement of the coil in the magnets magnetic field or the movement of a magnetic field round a coil. If there is no movement, then no voltage will be induced. There are several different input variables that I could change for this experiment, each one having an effect on the induced voltage. These variables are: * Strength of the magnet * Speed the magnet is moving * Number of turns in the coil * Area of the cross-section of the coil The output variable that I am going to measure for the experiment is the voltage that is induced by the input variable. For this investigation I shall pose the question 'how does the amount of turns in a coil affect the voltage induced?' This means that the input variable I am going to change will be the number of turns in my coil and I shall measure the change by the voltage
Investigation into the factors affecting the strength of electromagnets - Planning Experimental Procedures.
INVESTIGATION INTO THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE STRENGTH OF ELECTROMAGNETS Planning Experimental Procedures There are three main factors which affect the strength of an electromagnet: . The size of the current. 2. The number of turns the coil has. 3. What the core is made of. For this investigation, I intend to explore how the number of coils of insulated wire around an iron core effects the amount of paper clips attracted to the electromagnet. My prediction using results from the pilot study is that if I increase the number of coils the strength of the electromagnet will also increase (more paper clips will be attracted to the EM). However I have read that in theory, the strength of the EM will double as the number of coils are doubled (EM strength is directly proportional to the number of turns of coil). I will use the following apparatus for this experiment: paper clips, soft iron core, insulated wire, voltmeter, ruler, wire stripper, crocodile clips and power pack. I have chosen this equipment because it suits the experiment I am doing and should also give me accurate results. The power pack will allow me to work with a safe voltage and to convert mains AC to DC. First I will connect the voltmeter to the power pack. From the voltmeter I will attach two connecting wires to the crocodile clips. I will then cut a large length of insulated wire and wrap the desired
What Affects the Strength of Magnetism Exerted By an Electromagnet?
What Affects the Strength of Magnetism Exerted By an Electromagnet? Aim I am going to investigate what factors affect the strength of magnetic field exerted by an electromagnet. I will use a number of theories to plan my investigation. Iron, Cobalt or Nickel become magnetic when their domains point in the same direction. This is because all the N-poles add up at one end and the S-poles add up at the other end. These N-poles and S-poles then form concentrated magnetic areas relative to their direction. The will point towards 'Magnetic North'. This is the similar to what happens with lines of force. When any of the three magnetic metals become magnetic, they exert magnetic lines of force. These lines of force are called 'Magnetic Fields'. These lines of force exeunt from the 'North Pole' and are attracted to the 'South Pole', or any other metal with magnetic capabilities. We can demonstrate the 'lines of flux' (lines of force) by using a compass. A compass will follow the lines of flux from the North Pole. This is possible because the compass needle is magnetic with a North Pole and a South Pole. The North Pole of the needle is attracted along these lines of flux to the South Pole. This also demonstrates that 'Unlike Poles Attract'. Like Poles (e.g. North and North) repel each other. This can be established by bringing two North Poles together. This can be
movement in sports
Movement In Sports Coursework Aim The aim of this coursework is to construct a practical experiment that will determine the amount of force of a specific muscle chosen in the human body. This was carried out in the classroom with a reconstruction of a model. Scientific Information Mechanical Advantage (MA) is the factor by which a machine multiplies the force put into it. The mechanical advantage can be calculated for the following simple machines by using the following formulas: the force of load divided by the force of effort. 1Using this formula, we can reach different conclusions. An example would be that if the mechanical advantage is big then the effort needed would be small therefore making the load easier to lift. On the other hand, if the mechanical advantage were small then the effort needed would be big therefore making it harder to lift. Velocity Ratio (VR) is simply calculated within the distance of the effort and load. Velocity Ratio is the difference between the distance to the effort and the distance to the load. We can use the formula of velocity ratio, which is: the distance to the load divided by the distance to effort.2 An example of this would be if the velocity ratio is greater then the distance is greater however if the velocity ratio is smaller then the distance is also smaller. Below is the formula of the MA and VR: Velocity Ratio = Distance to
Investigating Electromagnets
Physics coursework Investigating electromagnets Aim: To investigate a variable that affects the strength and effectiveness of an electromagnet. Introduction: In my following coursework, I will carry out an investigation on a variable, which affects the strength of an electromagnet. I tend to also create an accurate enough analysis, which will help me determine why the variable investigated, affected the strength of the electromagnet. Background research: An electromagnet is also known as a solenoid. An electromagnet usually consists of coils of wire wrapped around a magnetic core. The core could be Iron, nickel or cobalt, which are good electromagnets. Usually an electromagnet would consist of an iron core as this is the best at magnetising and proves readily available, because of these reasons I think the core, which I will use for the investigation would have to be an iron based core. Other cores that could be used prove ineffective as they become permanently magnetised so therefore are unuseful as they can only be used once. Above we can see the magnetic field generated by a round wire carrying electricity (picture taken from encarta). This shows the way in which an electromagnet works. If a solenoid is wound in the form of a helix, there will be a magnetic field. However, with the introduction of an iron core to go within the helix the strength of the field will be