How do you make Electro-Magnets Stronger?

How do you make Electro-Magnets Stronger? Introduction When a current passes through a circuit it creates 2 things: Heat and a magnetic field. All things electrical create a magnetic field; this field surrounds all electrical objects in a circle like way. The magnetic field then makes the circuit/object turn into an electromagnet. An Electromagnet is something that acts like a magnet when electricity passes through it. This investigation is trying to find out how to make an electromagnet stronger and more powerful. Compared to a permanent magnet, an electro-magnet has the advantage that it can be switched on and off. However it has the disadvantage that it requires power. They have many different uses. Some of which are listed below . The crane in a scrap yard 2. Hospitals: to remove metal (iron, Cobalt, Nickel or alloys with these metals in) splinters. 3. Electromagnetic relay. A relay is something which changes a current form Big to Small, or Visa Versa 4. Doors in Banks/Jewellers Variables The different variables that can affect an Electromagnets field are: * Is the wire coiled (solenoid) * Number of coils in a wire * Different voltages * Is there an magnetic substance * Tightness (density) of the coils I will look at the number of coils and different voltages Hypotheses I think that an Electromagnet will be stronger if the wire is coiled round a magnetic

  • Word count: 786
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

What are the physical quantities that affect the value of centripetal force when a body in circular motion? What is the force exerted on the object when the object is doing a horizontal circular motion?

Physical Science Experiment Report Centripetal Force Name_____Lee Lai Shan______ Date_______29-10-2010______ Problem statement: What are the physical quantities that affect the value of centripetal force when a body in circular motion? What is the force exerted on the object when the object is doing a horizontal circular motion? Objectives: To determine the relationship between the angular velocity of a body in circular motion , the centripetal force F necessary to maintain a constant angular velocity ,the mass m of the body and the radius R of the circular path. Experimental design: i)Apparatus: Rubber bund , 1 glass tube about 15 cm long , screw nuts with hook, 1.5 m of nylon string , small paper marker, metre rule ,stop-watch ii)Description of Design: The rubber stopper that will be swinging around in a circle for this lab travels a distance equal to the circumference of a circle. Because the rubber stopper will be traveling more than once around the circle, the total distance will be equal to the number or revolutions times the circumference. The "velocity" of the stopper is calculated then as the distance divided by the time: Equation 1 Where V = Velocity, r = radius (see diagram), N = Number of revolutions counted in 60 seconds, t = 60 seconds (length of one trial). The experimental centripetal force (Fc) of the rubber stopper swinging around is

  • Word count: 1011
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Investigating the Damping of Motion in a Simple Pendulum through Induced Eddy Currents

Investigating the Damping of Motion in a Simple Pendulum through Induced Eddy Currents Aim: The aim of my experiment is to determine the different permeances of several metals by measuring the effects of eddy current damping of the motion of a simple pendulum. Apparatus: The experiment involved the use of the following equipment: Electromagnet Power Supply Retort Stand w/ Boss & Clamp 3 rectangular pieces of metal, of equal volume. One of Aluminium, Copper, Titanium and Steel. A Pendulum Arm An Axle Two Small Axle Clamps, to hold the Pendulum Arm in place High Frame Rate Camera Method: To determine the effects of the induced eddy currents, I will measure the time taken for the pendulum to halve its maximum angle of deflection. I decided to use a starting angle of 30 degrees, large enough so as to minimise systematic error, but small enough that repeating the experiment wouldn't take excessively long. By connecting a video camera to a computer, I will manually raise the pendulum until the arm is in line with a line marked at 30 degrees from the vertical. I will start recording, and then release the pendulum. Using frame by frame analysis of the video I will determine the frame when the pendulum was released, and the first swing in which the pendulum achieves strictly less than 15 degrees of deflection. By working out the number of frames this takes, and dividing

  • Word count: 946
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Electromagnetism through a coil.

GCSE Science coursework (practical experiment) Nick Brooks 11AM Electromagnetism through a coil Electromagnetism Electromagnetic Theory In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the theories of electricity and magnetism were investigated simultaneously. In 1819 an important discovery was made by the Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted, who found that a magnetic needle could be deflected by an electric current flowing through a wire. This discovery, which showed a connection between electricity and magnetism, was followed up by the French scientist André Marie Ampère, who studied the forces between wires carrying electric currents, and by the French physicist Dominique François Jean Arago, who magnetized a piece of iron by placing it near a current-carrying wire. In 1831 the English scientist Michael Faraday discovered that moving a magnet near a wire induces an electric current in that wire, the inverse effect to that found by Oersted: Oersted showed that an electric current creates a magnetic field, while Faraday showed that a magnetic field can be used to create an electric current. The full unification of the theories of electricity and magnetism was achieved by the English physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves and identified light as an electromagnetic phenomenon. Magnetic induction Magnetic induction is the

  • Word count: 1439
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Electromagnets Investigation

PLANNING SCIENTFIC THEORY: Electromagnets An electromagnet is a device consisting of a solenoid usually a cylindrical coil of insulated wire in which an iron core is placed. An electric current passed through the coil induces a strong magnetic field along the axis of the helix. When the iron core is placed in this field, microscopic domains that can be considered small permanent magnets in the iron align themselves in the direction of the field, thus increasing greatly the strength of the magnetic field produced by the solenoid. The magnetization of the core reaches saturation once all the domains are completely aligned, and an increase of the current in the solenoid has little further effect. When the current is switched off, the core retains only a weak residual magnetism. The Domain Theory The domain theory of magnetism suggests that a magnetic material such as iron contains within its structure tiny cells called domains and that mini molecular magnet exist inside theses domains. In an unmagnetised piece of iron all the mini magnets within a particular domain point in the same direction but in each neighbouring domain they point in different directions. The result of this is that the magnetised effect of the domains cancel each other out. In an unmagnetised piece of iron all the domains are lined up so that their magnetic effect reinforce each other. Flemming's

  • Word count: 1592
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Gravity and Acceleration

PHYSICS LAB REPORT Gravity and Acceleration Aim: To show that the acceleration of a freely falling body is equal to the gravitational pull of the Earth. To give a comparison of the various values obtained using different methods and show how external factors play a role in the measurement of the acceleration of a body. Hypothesis: If a body is dropped from a height then its acceleration will be equal to the gravitational pull of the earth because a freely falling body is attracted towards the earth due to its gravity independent of the mass of the object and neglecting air resistance. Abstract: In this experiment the following principles will be investigated. * If an object held near the surface of the earth is released, it will fall and accelerate, or pick up speed, as it descends. This acceleration is caused by gravity, the force of attraction between the object and the earth. * Falling objects accelerate in response to the force exerted on them by Earth's gravity. Different objects accelerate at the same rate, regardless of their mass. Microsoft(r) Encarta(r) Reference Library 2003. (c) 1993-2002 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. The acceleration of a freely falling body is equal for all masses but due to air resistance it varies. In this experiment the acceleration of falling bodies are calculated and compared using two different set -ups. Apparatus:

  • Word count: 1168
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

charging a capacitor at a constant rate(C08)

School True Light Girls' College Mark Name Tam Teresa (???) Class (Class No.) 6S (22) /10 Group No. 3 Date (dd-mm-yy) 20-05-2009 ============================================================= AL Physics TAS - Experimental Worksheet C08 - Charging a capacitor at a constant rate Time Allowed 2 periods Objective To investigate how the charge on a capacitor is related to the potential difference applied across it by charging the capacitor at a constant rate. Apparatus * Capacitor (electrolytic type) 500µF * Microammeter 100µA * Potentiometer 100k? * Clip component holder * Stop-watch * CRO (Cathode Ray Oscillator) * Connecting leads Theory From definition, the capacitance C of a capacitor is found from C=Q/V where Q is the charge stored on the capacitor and V is the potential difference across it. ==> Q = CV ==> = C If a capacitor is charged up at a constant rate, i.e. = I , where I is a constant , then is also constant. Hence the potential difference across the capacitor increases linearly with time. Procedure . Connect up the circuit as shown in Fig. (a). Set the CRO to d.c. and the sensitivity to 1V/cm. 2. Set the time base to any high value so that a steady horizontal trace is displayed. Shift the trace to the bottom of the screen. 3. Short out the capacitor by connecting a lead across it and adjust the 100k? potentiometer for a

  • Word count: 1246
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Describe two research studies into animal navigation.

a) Describe two research studies into animal navigation. Keeton conducted a study regarding the ability of pigeon's to navigate. It was suggested that pigeons are able to detect the earth's magnetic field, and therefore navigate with this aid. An experiment carried out to explore this possibility. Small magnets were attached to the heads of pigeons which were then released in unfamiliar surroundings. The magnets were designed to disrupt any detection of the earth's magnetic field. The pigeon's ability to find it's way back to it's home loft was then observed. It was found that the pigeons had difficulty returning home on overcast days, but had very little difficultly doing so on clear, sunny days. This suggested that there are two main compass systems that pigeons utilise; the sun, and the earths magnetic field. On sunny days pigeons were able to find there way home using the sun as a compass, whereas on overcast days where they would normally use to earths magnetic field, they were unable to do so and hence had difficulty. It was also found that young pigeons had difficulties in both sunny and overcast environments, suggesting that using the earth's magnetic field to navigate is innate, whereas using the sun comes with experience. Mouritsen and Frost looked at Monarch butterflies and the way in which they navigate. They condicted an experiment whereby butterflies were

  • Word count: 806
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Space Elevator

TURNING SCIENCE FICTION INTO REALITY: Space Elevator In the most basic description a space elevator is a physical connection from the surface of the Earth that would stretch into space from a floating platform in the equatorial Pacific Ocean to a geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) above the Earth at approximately 35,786-km in altitude. Its center of mass is at the geostationary point such that it has a 24-hr orbit and stays over the same point above the equator as the Earth rotates on its axis. The vision is that a space elevator would be utilized as a transportation and utility system for moving people, payloads, power, and gases between the surface of the Earth and space. Satellites or other payloads would be loaded onto climbers which would ascend the paper-thin cable by squeezing it between sets of electrically driven rollers or electromagnetic forces. Even if it looks like a science fiction objective, scientists are seriously thinking of its implementation because of the big advantages it represents. It makes the physical connection from Earth to space in the same way a bridge connects two cities across a body of water. The current problems space scientists encounter with traditional launching pad are: • The huge energy consumption needed to launch a spatial object • The weight constraints that it generates • The associated risks (fire, rocket destabilization)

  • Word count: 1541
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Charge To Mass Ratio For An Electron

Physics Formal Lab Charge To Mass Ratio For An Electron Professor: Dr.Kilner Ta: Mr.Laderman Done by: Amir Mofidi 010238350 Section 004 Abstract How electrons behave in the presence of a magnetic field was the purpose of this lab. In particular, how there is a force acting on the electron in a magnetic field related to its velocity; or in other words the force acting on the electrons will cause them to move in a circular path. Measuring the charge to mass ratio of an electron using an apparatus which fires electrons into a uniform magnetic field produced by Helmholtz coils; the particles follow a circular path. The anode voltage was set at 200v; the radius of the curvature of the electrons was changed by adjusting the Helmholtz coils current. Its radius ranges from 11cm to 6 cm; the strength of the magnetic field and the speed of the moving particles, one can figure out the charge to mass ratio. The value found for the ratio of electrons to mass to in this experiment would be 1.89´1011 coulombs/kg. Comparing this experimental value to the theoretical value which is 1.76´1011 coulombs/kg makes a 7.38% experimental error. One of the reasons that this error can occur is related to earth's magnetic field and causing force on the electrons. In conclusion a charged particle will experience a force when moving through a magnetic field and also as the radius of the

  • Word count: 2294
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay