Free falling experiment.
Free Falling experiment Introduction If a body is dropped from a certain height (S) falls for a time (t), then the equation of motion of a body can be written as : S= v1t+1/2gt2 Where v1 is the initial velocity. If a body is dropped from rest and falls freely then v1=0 ms-1 and the equation can be written as S=1/2gt2 Equipment Electronic timer, steel ball, contact pins, ruler and trip plate. Procedure . Set the apparatus so that the ball hits the trip plate directly. 2. The steel ball is held by electromagnet and the timer is said to read zero, as the ball released the start circuit is ON and the time of start is recorded. At the end of its fall the ball will strike the trip plate which opens the stop circuit causing the timer to stop. 3. Put the release mechanism switch ON. 4. Read out the time t for the free fall distance S. Results Distance (m) ± 0.01 st try (Sec.) ±0.005 2nd try (Sec.) ±0.005 3rd try (Sec.) ±0.005 Average Time (Sec.) ±0.005 Average Time2 (Sec.) ±0.005 .5 0.545 0.523 0.543 0.537 0.190 2 .4 0.516 0.519 0.523 0.519 0.213 3 .3 0.508 0.501 0.507 0.505 0.239 4 .2 0.487 0.487 0.492 0.489 0.255 5 .1 0.460 0.459 0.465 0.461 0.270 6 .0 0.434 0.435 0.437 0.487 0.288 Graph (Refer to the attached graphs). Conclusion Calculation of the gradient: (Y2 - Y1) / (X2 - X1)= (1.50 - 1.40) /
Multi-bladed Pumps. Does the number of propellor blades affect the efficiency of a water pump?
Pumps & Physics Research and Rationale What's new? When I was thinking about which aspect of physics to investigate for my investigation, I knew it was a good idea to choose something that really interested me. At the time I was becoming more and more fascinated by subatomic particles. I liked the fact that much of it was new and not understood properly, unlike the classical physics that everyone associates the subject with. Unfortunately, high energy physics does not translate into good practical coursework. However, while reading Six Easy Pieces, a book adapted from Richard Feynman's famous textbook The Feynman Lectures on Physics, I noticed that a very common everyday phenomenon is still not properly understood by physicists. Encouraged by the prospect of discovering something new, I read on. Chaotic ideas Feynman wrote (on page 66) "There is a physical problem that is common to many fields, that is very old, and that has not been solved...It is the analysis of circulating or turbulent fluids...No-one can analyse it from first principles" "Wow - something science can't explain" I thought. I looked on the internet for further details and I found a poster from World Maths Year 2000 (http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/wmy2kposters/march/), showing just the type of unpredictable fluid motion that Feynman was writing about. It's a new and exciting branch of maths called
Travis Pollard
Travis Pollard January 26, 2005 Coulomb's Law Experiment Objectives To prove and investigate Coulomb's |Law of electrostatic attractions and repulsions. Hypothesis I think that as the distance that the two balls are separated becomes greater, that the distance they repel from one another will become less. The reason I feel this way is that the ball will give off the same amount of force to repel the ball that is suspended, but it will be at a farther distance so the force on the hanging ball will be much less. Materials: on lab sheet Procedures: on lab sheet Symbols F - the electrostatic repulsion between the spheres Mg - the weight of the suspended sphere D - the suspended ball's distance from its equilibrium position L - the length of the suspension R - the separation between the two balls (center to center) Experimentation st Reading D ( Ball's distance from original position) R (separation between two balls) Distance of ball on block of wood .7 2.2 5 cm 2.5 6 cm .6 3.1 7 cm 2nd Reading D ( Ball's distance from original position) R (separation between two balls) Distance of ball on block of wood .5 2 5 cm .8 2.3 6 cm .6 3.1 7 cm Final Reading D ( Ball's distance from original position) R (separation between two balls) Distance of ball on block of wood .5 5 cm .8 2.3 6 cm .6 2.8 7 cm Data Analysis Over all, the three
Investigation into the Factors Affecting the Speed of a Trolley on a Slope.
GCSE Physics Coursework Plan Investigation into the Factors Affecting the Speed of a Trolley on a Slope APPARATUS: * 1kg Trolley * 1kg Masses * Runway * Light Gate * Stop clock * Power Pack * Ruler SAFETY: * Make sure all wires are secured in sockets. * No wires are trailing on slope. * Voltage of light gate has to be between 9V and 15V. * Weights must be put on trolley safely so there is no chance they might fall off. * When putting more than 2 weights on, stack safely. * Turn electricity off after use. * Before use make sure electricity is switched off so not to get a nasty shock. In this investigation I am going to set up a 1kg trolley on a slope and I will be letting it roll. I will use a light gate to start and stop the stop clock using a piece of card measured at 10 cm. I will find out the speed of the trolley by dividing the distance (10cm) by the time that was read on the stop clock. The results are shown on page . For each reading I will repeat it 3 times on each side of the slope and find the average, thus making this a piece of reliable evidence. I will be investigating the speed at 5 different heights ranging from 1cm to 13cm, and on each height I will be varying the mass of the trolley from 1kg up to 5kg.To make it a fair test I will keep the light gate at the same part of the runway each time and start the trolley off at the same point as
The aim of this experiment is to prove that a falling body has a constant force of gravity on it, no matter what the distance or time taken for the object to fall
AIM The aim of this experiment is to prove that a falling body has a constant force of gravity on it, no matter what the distance or time taken for the object to fall. The value of gravity or "g" will be determined. THEORY The most simple example of linear motion is a body falling to Earth. When the body is dropped from a height we know that the object will always fall directly towards the centre of the Earth. This though will not happen if a feather is dropped as due to its shape and the forces of drag, upthrust and various others act upon it with greater effect. So providing these forces in our experiments and calculations are negligible by using suitable materials it is fair to say an object falls towards the Earths centre. When the plastercine passes through gate A the computer will immediately start the clock. When the light is broken at gate B the clock will stop. The computer will then process this information and display the starting velocity through gate A and the final velocity through gate B. The readings that the computer shows will have only a 1% error. To make sure that the values of "g" I calculate does not just apply to that one situation the distance will be a variable. The light gates will be attatched to a clamp stand and the distance altered. This will be measured by hand with a ruler which has again a 1% error as it is measured to the nearest
Is Helmut Newton's photography artistic or pornographic?
Amelie Küster Extended Essay October 2003 Visual Art Helmut Newton - Work Is Helmut Newton's photography artistic or pornographic? Word count: 3925 Research Question Is Helmut Newton's photography artistic or pornographic? Abstract Photography is a very interesting media to convey messages, feelings and opinions, and leaves a wide range of styles and methods how to do so. The photographer Helmut Newton developed a way to show his own imagination of reality and express his feelings, which is criticised by many people, for as some do not see the art in his work. They rather accuse it to be pornographic. By looking at the development of his work over time and the true meaning of his pictures, the legal side of publishing these pictures and the reproaches of his so called greatest enemy, the feminist Alice Schwarzer, I tried to show how the question whether Helmut Newton's work is artistic or pornographic is related to a created war between sexes, the battle between Newton and Schwarzer. Whilst there are many books about photography, I only could find a few information about Newton's work, mainly taken from his own autobiography, for as public places, such as libraries did not had any material. I guess this is because of the context of his work. Nudity does not seem to be at its right place in a public library. However, I was willing to research Newton's work in
Physics a Nuclear Bomb
Table of Contents Page Number Content ---------------------------------------------------- --- 2---------------------------------------------------- Introduction 3---------------------------------------------------- Discussion 4---------------------------------------------------- Discussion 5---------------------------------------------------- Discussion 6---------------------------------------------------- Discussion 7---------------------------------------------------- Conclusion 8---------------------------------------------------- Bibliography 9---------------------------------------------------- Appendix A 0---------------------------------------------------- Appendix B 1---------------------------------------------------- Appendix B 2---------------------------------------------------- Appendix C 3---------------------------------------------------- Appendix C 4---------------------------------------------------- Appendix D 5---------------------------------------------------- Glossary Introduction The Nuclear bomb is a well known and greatly feared weapon. Its often categorized as a weapon of mass destruction, and appropriately named so after its detonation in Hiroshima, Japan on Monday, August 6, 1945. This bomb, named 'Little boy', instantly incinerated approximately 90,000-166,000 innocent Japanese lives. 2 Little boy was a uranium
Speed of a Falling Object
Speed of a Falling Object Aim The aim of this investigation is to find the factors affecting the rate of fall of a body through the air. Fair Test The variables that will need to be the same to make this a fair test are: * The shape paper cases that are used :- The shape of the paper case affects the air resistance acting upon it. * The weight of the paper cases that are used :- The weight affects the speed of fall and would therefore end up in incorrect results. Theory Gravity is the force which pulls objects together. It depends on the mass of both objects, an object with a large mass will have a large gravitational force compared to an object with a smaller mass which will have a smaller gravitational force. This can be shown using the moon and the Earth as the Earth has a larger mass it has larger gravitational field strength. Gravitational forces between objects decrease if they have less mass or are further apart. Gravity acts on objects and pulls them down towards the Earth. Resistive forces act on any object moving through a fluid (i.e. a gas or a liquid). When moving through air, air resistance acts upon an object. Air resistance occurs because the object must move air particles out of the way and this will cause resistive or drag forces. Air resistance increases as the object is dropped and accelerates and will continue until it equals the downward
Heat notes
HEAT SUMMARY Heat and Temperature Heat is an electromagnetic wave called infra-red radiation that travels at the speed of light. The frequencies of vibration of heat waves are higher than microwaves and slower than light. Waves of heat are given off by the outer shell electrons of atoms when they are disturbed in their orbits. When heat is absorbed by an atom, its speed of vibration increases. When heat is given off by an atom its speed of vibration decreases. Heat energy is either the energy carried by the infra-red radiation or the energy of vibration of moving atoms. Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles. The higher the temperature the more kinetic energy carried by the particles. Absolute zero temperature is when all vibration of particles stops. Arbitrary zeros of temperature are convenient places to start measuring - ice/water is set at 0o Celcius with boiling water 100oC . Absolute zero temperature is close to -273o Celcius. Heat energy transfer Temperature is a measure of hotness - this number can be used to determine the direction of energy transfer between objects. Heat energy is transferred from an object at higher temperature to one of lower temperature. When temperatures are equal no energy transfer occurs. Hot is a sensation felt by the skin when part of the body is near or touching an object at a temperature
Measure the earth's gravitational field strength.
Coursework physics Planning by : Ibrahim al Saieg Aim : The aim of my experiment is to measure the earth's gravitational field strength, which is also the acceleration due to gravity. This involves mass, which is the amount of matter an object contains and weight which is the force of gravity pulling down on a object with a mass. Mass is measured in Kg and weight is measured in Newton's. Gravity is the weakest of the four fundamental forces, yet it is the dominant force in the universe for shaping the large scale structure of galaxies, stars, etc. The earth's gravitational field strength is calculated by the weight (N) / Mass (Kg), therefore the earth's gravitational field strength (g) is measured in (N/Kg). As an object is in free-fall it accelerates at the rate of g. The gravitational field strength is measured by doing an experiment with a trolley rolling down a tilted runway with the force of g causing it to accelerate down the slope. Hypothesis Isaac Newton firstly discovered gravity when an apple fell on his head. He then discovered that every object has a mass and that two masses attract each other. This attraction has a gravitational field strength, Newton wanted to calculate the gravitational field strength of the earth. There is a pendulum that involves g and calculates T the time the pendulum will swing for. Where l is the length of the pendulum. The