To find the separation of a pair of double slits using youngs experiment.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Youngs experiment involved sunlight being allowed to pass through a pinhole, S and then at a considerable distance away , through pinholes S1 and S2. The two sets of spherical waves emerging from the two holes interfered with each otherinsuch a way as to form a symmetrical pattern of varying intensity on the screen AC. This experiment is shown below The mathematical formula that was derived from this experiment is ? = (a * y)/D, which can be re- arranged so that the seperation of the two slits is the subject of the equation, a = (? * D)/y EQUIPMENT: * Monochromatic light (red laser) * Measuring tape * Double slit * Piece of paper * Pen PROCEDURE: . Set up the apparutus as per the diagram below: 2. Turn on the Monochromatic light and put the double slit in place so that an image similar to the one below is visible on the paper 3. Mark with a pencil the centre of 10 of the lines projected on the paper 4. Measure the distane,D between the laser and the paper, and record as 'D' 5. Measure the distance from the first dot to the 10th on the piece of paper, and record as 10y 6. Divide 10y by 10 to obtain 'y'. 7. Substitute D, y, and ? = 660nm into the formula, a = (? * D)/y to obtain a value for the seperation of the double slits, a. APPLICATION OF ERRORS: * The measurement of D will not be completely accurate, due to human inaccuracy,
Wind Power.
This is a project on wind power. Wind is a renewable source of power with potential in the production of electricity in the U.K, but fluctuating wind currents make it unreliable. We asked ourselves how it works and what it does. Wind Turbines Wind turbines are very useful and are powered by the wind. The process of collecting the energy follows: as the wind turns the blades then the blades activate the dynamo inside that really makes the electricity. As you can imagine a field of dynamos all going as fast as they can would be very noisy. As we all know wind is a renewable source of power and because it doesn't burn fuels it is environmentally friendly. Waves possess great energy. Experiments with various different designs of generator have proved that waves can provide electricity. However, there are problems in developing and building wave powered generators which are both cheap and efficient, as they must be strong enough to cope with storms while being light enough to work with small waves. The drawback is that these schemes affect the habitat of birds and fish because they alter the tidal currents. The drawbacks of TIDAL and WAVE power are that the alter of the tidal currents affect the habitat of the seabirds in the area also the fish are affected by the change in the tidal currents. Also the tidal and wave power stations can only produce ten hours of power in one
Light Waves
Light Waves In this universe there are many thing that we cannot explain. Among these many things is light. Light, as far as we know, come in different wavelengths and the size of the wavelength determine what type of light it is. The middle wavelength lights are what gives us the seven basic colors of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Beside these visible lights there are the lights that cannot be seen by the human eye. These invisible lights can be grouped into two other groups the long waves and short waves. The first group of waves is the longer wavelength of light including infrared and radio waves. Radio waves, the longest wavelengths, alternate and can be volatile. Arthur C. Clarke said in the essay "The Light of Common Day" that since radio waves fluctuate so much no animal has ever been able to sense them. He goes on to say that if you had an eye big enough to see radio waves your eyes would be millions of times larger than a normal eye. The next longest wave is the infrared light waves. Infrared light is used nowadays to see in the night. Special goggles are designed to pick up infrared light making it possible to see at night. The next group of light waves are the shorter waves of ultraviolet and x-rays. Ultraviolet light, sometimes referred to as UV, is right next to violet and is just beyond sight. UV light is what causes sunburns and can
To test three different springs.
Aim:- To test three different springs. Spring one has the length of 55.5 Spring two has the length of 59 Spring three has the length of 60.3 I want to find out how much mass the spring can take before not being able to go back to its orginal state. Scientific knowledge: - Hook's Law if you stretch something with a steadily increasing force, then the length will increase steadily two. The most important thing in this experiment is not the total length but the extension. If the spring is stretched a bit to far it will behave inelastically and it won't follow Hook's law and it won't go back to its original shape. When drawing the graph and the results are in a straight line up to one point and then start to curve this is inelastic behaviour. The point the straight line ends up at is the elastic limit. Apparatus: - clamp stand, ruler, 3 different types of springs and some weights. Fair test: - To add the same amount of weight on each spring. But some of the weights will be able to take more mass then the other ones. Safe test: - Wear safety glasses, lab coats and tie long hair back. Method: - Place the spring in the clamp stand. Place the ruler beside it. Measure the distance of spring. Then add some weight then measure, continue doing this until the spring can't extend anymore. Then moves onto the next spring continue until you have done all three springs. Then take down
The Passage - P83 Fathers and Sons, Ivan Turgenev
The Passage (P83 Fathers and Sons, Ivan Turgenev) The country through which they were driving was not in the least picturesque. Field after field stretched away to the horizon, now sloping gently up, now dropping down again. Here and there was a copse, and winding ravines sparsely planted with low bushes, reminding one of the way in which the old maps showed them in the time of Catherine. There were little streams, too, with hollow banks and diminutive ponds with narrow dams, hamlets with squat little huts beneath blackened and often half collapsing roofs, and crooked threshing barns with wattled walls and gaping doorways opening on to abandoned threshing floors, and churches, some brick-built with the stucco peeling off in patches, others of wood with crosses awry and churchyards that had gone to wrack and ruin slowly Arkydy's heart sank. As though to complete the pattern the peasants whom they met on the way were all in rags and mounted on the sorriest little nags; willows with broken branches and bark hanging in strips stood like tattered beggars on the roadside; emaciated and shaggy crows, gaunt with hunger, were greedily tearing up the grass along the ditches. They looked as if they had just been snatched from the murderous talons of some terrifying monster; and the pitiful fight of the sickly cattle in the setting of that lovely spring day conjured up like a white
Universe - Definitions
Quasars Possibly extremely dense neutron stars giving off radiation. Once thought to be the bright centre of other galaxies. Pulsars These are neutron stars that emit an enourmous amount of radiation. They spin hundreds of times a second and we pick up the radio waves on Earth. Neutron Stars Formed from very large stars collapsing. Between 10 and 100 km in diameter a they can have a mass many times that of the sun. A star 8 times that of the sun creates a neutron star 1.5 times that of the sun. The rest of the mass is blown into the space. Black Holes Black holes that are worth considering are only found at the centre of galaxies. The centre of every galaxy has a black hole. It keeps the galaxy together with its immense gravity and is 10 times denser than what would be expected if there were just stars at the centre of our galaxy. Nothing escapes, not even light. Photons are captured and added to the gravity. 0 point field No dimensions. Cells take light from it to tell other cells where to go in growing. Where does gravity come from? There is infinite energy from gravity so in theory it could be converted into infinite
My perfect night
My perfect night A poem by Jamie Barratt My perfect night, of which there are few is a place by the sea with a picturesque view I'll watch the sun as it rises and falls A lone whale swims, making gentle calls Stars will appear, darkness descend I gaze with wonder through an enlarged lens A full moon emerges, a giant in the sky A sight less than stunning would be a lie Listening to the sea lapping on the shore feeling my senses yearning for more The scent of sea air surrounds me so On occasions I don't smell it, I feel so low A sea so serene, a sky so clear many stars shimmer brightly, they appear so near I use these nights as a time to reflect on a world of cruelty, anger and