Clearly the C-C bond wins.
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Alkanes
Alkanes are carbon compounds with single bonds. Here are some examples of alkanes in the table below.
To find out any number of carbons there is a general formula that I have figured out
from the table above. The general formula is CnH2n+2. This is the formula for any number of carbons.
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Alkenes
Alkenes are similar to alkanes but the difference is that alkenes have a double bond in them. So alkenes are carbon compounds with a double bond. here are some examples in the table below.
I carried out an investigation to do with alkenes and alkanes. My aim was to find out What (if there is one) difference there is in the reactions of the alkanes and alkenes mixed with the same substance.
Method:
I added cyclohexane(alkane) with bromine and I repeated the experiment with cyclohexene(alkene).
At the end of it all the cyclohexane remained brown but the cyclohexene went clear. This shows that the alkenes such as cyclohexene have a double bond in them. What hapeneind is the bromine broke one of the bonds of the cyclohexene and changed place with the broken bond, which caused the colour to go clear. There is only a single bond in alkanes such as cyclohexane so there was no reaction.
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Structural/Stereo/Geometric Isomers in Alkenes
Isomers are molecules that have the same number of elements but have different chemical or physical properties.
- Structural Isomers
- Stereo Isomers
- Geometric Isomers
An example of a structural isomer in alkenes is:
But-1-ene
But-2-ene
But-3-ene
These three examples are similar,the only difference is that the double bond is in the different place which gives off a different reaction.
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Structural Isomers in Alkanes
An example of a structural isomer in an alkane is:
Butane C4HO
2 Methylpropane C4HO
There are other groups that can be put on to these carbon chains to make the reation different. One of the groups is:
Methyl group
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Structural Isomers
Methane has a tetrahedral shape in 3D. 3D shape but all organic molecules are 3D. A prime example is carbon. Carbon form 4 bonds all the time and is always 3D. The way it looks is;
Stereo isomers are arranged differently around the carbon.
This only occurs when you have 4 different atoms around the carbon atom.
These are 2 different molecules with different reactions.
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Geometric Isomers
The two terms that are frequently used in these types of isomers are CIS and TRANS.
CIS = When Cl is next to each other TRANS = When Cl goes across
Cis – 1,2 - dichloroethene Trans – 1,2 – dichloroethene
In these types of reactions there is no rotation between the double bond. This is because it is stable which means they are different molecules but have the same atoms.
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Functional Groups
Here are the main functional groups