2) The aims of this project were:
- Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome
- Mapping and Sequencing the Genomes of Model Organisms
- Data Collection and Distribution
- Ethical, Legal, and Social Considerations
- Research Training
- Technology Development
- Technology Transfer
3) The human genome project began in the 1990’s and was coordinated in the United States by the NHGRI and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).
4) Because they had to decipher what each used was used for, and map these genes. They also had to determine the exact order of the 3 billion chemical building blocks (called bases and abbreviated A, T, C, and G) that make up the DNA of the 24 different human chromosomes, was the greatest technical challenge in the Human Genome Project.
5)I think some of the developments which enabled the project to speed up were the way various bases connected. As in where adenine and thymine connect, and so do guanine and Cytosine. This is known as complementary base paring. There are two hydrogen bones between A and Tm and between C and G. When they gained this knowledge it would have been exceptionally easier for them to know which base was which. As they only needed to recognise one of the bases, then they were able to match it to its complementary base. These can also be split up into ‘purines’, and ’pyrimidines’.
6) They were able to map the genetic make-up of human-begins.
7) They were able to conclude what genes causes genetic disorders, as in cystic fibrosis, two recessive genes are needed for the disorder to develop.
8) With the discovery of the human genome, decisions can be made quite rationally. People could be offered jobs as they may not develop a disorder, which another candidate may. People applying for loans may be rejected because they may die, before they can make the re-payments. People could also use this information for designed babies, as in whether they want a male or female baby. Or whether a baby is going to develop a genetic disorder; so they have the option of termination.
