The Process of Protein Synthesis

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Process of Protein Synthesis

Task 1

(1a)

        

DNA:

RNA:

RNA has a single polynucleotide chain where as DNA has a double polynucleotide chain, RNA has 3 basic forms t, m, r, and DNA has 1 form only; in RNA the molecular mass is smaller than in DNA  as DNA  has a greater molecular mass.  

In RNA it has nitrogen containing bases which are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine however this is different to DNA as DNA has a nitrogen containing bases which are adenine, guanine, and cytosine but instead of thymine it contains uracil.  

RNA contains Ribose sugar whereas DNA’s sugar in deoxyribose and RNA occurs in nucleus and cytoplasm, but DNA occurs almost entirely in nucleus; RNA maybe chemically unstable unlike DNA which is always chemically stable as RNA only exists for a short period of time unlike DNA which exists permanently.  

(1b)

Comparison between DNA, mRNA, tRNA.

Task 2

(1a)

The sequence of amino acids in a protein is a type of code that specifies the protein and distinguishes one protein from another; a genetic code in the DNA determines this amino acid code, the genetic code consists of the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the DNA then the nitrogenous base code is translated to an amino acid sequence in a protein which is the basis for protein synthesis.

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Each set of three nitrogen bases that codes for an amino acid is known as a codon; the functions of proteins are contradicted by the characteristics of the amino acids that make up them, in particular the sequence of amino acids in a protein determines the function of that protein as the amino acids are linked through peptide bonds. 

Amino acids are the structural units that make up proteins; they join together to form short polymer chains called peptides or longer chains called either polypeptides or proteins.

The mRNA molecule moves through the nuclear ...

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*** A set of unknown tasks on DNA, RNA and protein synthesis which the student has spent some time completing to a good standard of presentation. Unfortunately some task answers have suffered due to an over reliance on website information, used wholesale and the facts being conveyed in a less than logical sequence. To improve It would have been helpful to know what the tasks set were to know whether the student had completed the task correctly. The student needs to take greater care with the use of key terms. Amino acids and nucleotide bases were often confused. Amino acids was used when it should have been amino acid residues. Nitrogen used instead of nitrogen atoms. DNA was "copied". The candidate needs to read through answers to ensure that the sentences are clear and concise. The section on protein synthesis was poor, because of an overreliance on website sources that had not been modified and were pasted in their entirety. The candidate must use references carefully and write the answer in their own words since it was clear they did not fully understand what they were writing about and the linkages between paragraphs were unclear. The best responses follow a clear line of logic and make a series of simple statements to start with along the lines of ?antibodies are proteins?, ?proteins are synthesised in the ribosomes?, etc.