We are aiming to investigate the effect of force upon a spring. We will also investigate Hooke's law, to see what happens using two springs in parallel and series, and how this effects the spring constant.
Investigation - Hooke's Law Aim: We are aiming to investigate the effect of force upon a spring. We will also investigate Hooke's law, to see what happens using two springs in parallel and series, and how this effects the spring constant. Background: I know that Hooke's law states that spring extension is proportional to stretching force, so long as the spring was not permanently stretched. In this investigation we will explore this statement. Trial Run: We did a trial run before starting the main experiment, and we found that we had to carefully put the weights on to the hanger, as the spring quickly stretches and could break. We also had to make sure we took the measurements at the same place each time, i.e. at the bottom of the spring or the bottom of the hanger, as this could affect our results. We also found that the spring could take 10N without deforming. Prediction: From the scientific knowledge above I can make a prediction about this experiment. I predict that the extension of the spring will be proportional to the force applied to it, and that it will return to its original size when the force is released. When we have two springs in parallel I predict the force will have an effect on them as a whole, and they won't stretch as much as the single spring, so the spring constant will increase. When two springs are in series I predict the force will have
Global climate change. Greenhouses gasses that warm the earths surface are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. When light from the sun reaches earth, it is reflected back into the earths atmosphere as infrared radiation.
Cesar Martinez Dr. Coburn Bio 1 T/TH October 26, 2009 Global Climate Change According to an article by the British Broadcast Corporation (BBC), the United States emits more greenhouses gases per person then any country in the world. Although greenhouse gases occur naturally in the earth's atmosphere, humans have rapidly increased the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in it. All the excess carbon dioxide has caused a gradual increase of the earth's temperature, which we call global warming. Scientists believe global warming is most likely caused by human. Although many people think global warming is not real, I believe global warming is the most important issue facing the world. The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation are the main causes for global warming. The effects of these could have a devastating effect on earth. Effects like the spread of disease, drought, extreme weather patterns, and even the extinction of animals. There are many changes we can make to combat global warming like using alternative fuel sources like nuclear, solar, and hydrogen. Greenhouses gasses that warm the earth's surface are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. When light from the sun reaches earth, it is reflected back into the earth's atmosphere as infrared radiation. Once infrared radiation is reflected back into the atmosphere, greenhouse gases absorb the radiation and reflect it
Mass on a spring - and investigation into resonance
An Experiment to Investigate a Mass on a spring as an Example of Resonance Method We set up the apparatus as shown below. We also included a meter rule to the left of the spring so that we could see the size of the oscillations. We set the signal generator to produce a sine wave output and set both the frequency and amplitude to a minimum. We switched on the signal generator and set the amplitude to its middle setting. We pulled down gently on the load and allowed the spring to oscillate. We slowly increased the frequency, monitoring the amplitude of the oscillations of the load by reading from the meter rule placed next to the apparatus. We noted when the amplitude appeared to be at its largest and took this frequency to be the resonant frequency. We repeated the experiment using different masses and decided to repeat each experiment 3 times for comparison. Measurements Before commencing the experiment, we considered what precautions we could take to ensure accuracy. We placed a meter rule by the apparatus to give us the best possible chance of observing the largest amplitude correctly. We weighed the entire spring system (Weights, hanger and spring as all of these items were involved in the actual oscillation that we were measuring) each time we changed the mass of the system to ensure and accurate reading for mass. We felt that just adding weights and assuming
The purpose of this laboratory investigation is to verify the validity of the Lens Equation which states that 1/di + 1/do = 1/f.
Lab: Applying the Lens Equation Daniela Perdomo Lab Partner: Stephanie Landers Date: 21 November 2002 Place: Graded School - São Paulo, Brazil Time: 8:10 h - 9:35 h Purpose/Introduction: The purpose of this laboratory investigation is to verify the validity of the Lens Equation which states that 1/di + 1/do = 1/f, where di is the distance from the image to the lens, do is the distance from the object to the lens, and f is the focal length. Hypothesis: The laboratory investigators hypothesized that the data obtained in the procedure of this experiment would be consistent with the Lens Equation. Though different methods of obtaining focal lengths (f) will be used throughout the lab, the obtained f's should still be equal. Materials: * 2 double convex lenses * 1 candle * 1 box of matches * 1 meter stick * 1 lens holder * 1 cardholder * 1 candleholder * 1 blank card Diagram: Procedure: The first lens used in this investigation was a double convex lens, which indicates that light should converge when shone through it. The first way used to discover its focal length was by using sunlight. A cardholder, with a card in it, was placed on the meter stick and the lens holder, with the convex lens in it, placed in front of it (i.e. closer to where the sunlight was coming from). The lab investigators then moved the lens until the image on the card was focused enough
Physics of Rollercoasters
Rollercoaster Report Aim: To investigate changes in gravitational potential and kinetic energy and how these changes relate to the velocity of an object. Hypothesis: The velocity of an object will be greater when going down the hills of the rollercoaster and lower when going up the hills. The kinetic energy at the highest point on a hill will be lower than the kinetic energy at the lowest point. Equipment: * One ball bearing (28.57g) * Cardboard (used to construct rollercoaster) * Thick blue paper * Metre ruler * Tape * Pair of scissors * Steak knife * String * Camera (digital * Electric scales * Pencil Method: Creating the rollercoaster . Two pieces of cardboard were chosen. 2. The "hills" of the rollercoaster were drawn onto the two pieces (which would make the two sides of the rollercoaster) using a pencil. 3. The two pieces were cut using a knife and taped onto a cardboard base. 4. A piece of thick blue paper was measured and cut to be the ramp of the rollercoaster. 5. Tabs were cut into the paper to make it easier to attach it to the rollercoaster. 6. Ramp was stuck between the two pieces of cardboard using tape onto the rollercoaster. The experiment . Ball bearing was weighed using electric scales. 2. Height of the rollercoaster at 3 high and 3 low points were measured using string. 3. Total distance of the
'What effects the strength of an electromagnet?'
'What effects the strength of an electromagnet?' Introduction: An electric current flowing through a wire produces a magnetic field. Coiling the wire produces a stronger magnetic field. Coiling it around a soft iron core increases the strength effect; raising the current or the number of coils increases it further. I am going to investigate the raising of the current and how it affects an electromagnet. I think the electromagnet will produce a stronger magnetic filed and pick up more iron fillings. Aim: To investigate factors which affect the strength of the electromagnet and make the strongest electromagnet possible. Apparatus: · Iron Rod · Leads · Power Pack · Crocodile Clips · Insulated Wire · Iron Filings · Voltmeter · Plastic Beakers · Electronic Balance Hypothesis: I expect the strongest electromagnet to have a 'soft' iron core; the number of coils being (45) the current varies, the strongest amps being (7.00A) and have the coils evenly spread across the iron rod. The 'soft' iron core means it changes easily between being magnetised and de-magnetised, it is perfect for electromagnets, which need to be turned on and off. From a previous experiment, using an electromagnet, I found out that the iron rod picked up many filings when turned on and dropped them all when switched off but the steel rod picked few filings up when switched on, yet held
Effect of Tourism on Sea Turtles
Threats to Marine Turtle Survival The Problems, Risks to Turtles and Examples Today the seven species of marine turtle that swim our oceans are all included on the World Conservation Union's (IUCN) Red List of Endangered Species [1]. Before human intervention, it was thought that only one in one thousand turtle eggs actually survived to become adults. With human as well as natural threats, it is estimated to be up to one in ten thousand [2]. Figure one clearly illustrates how the number of leatherback turtles nesting has fallen in Playa Grande and Ventanas, popular tourist destinations. There has been 95% decrease in the number of female leatherbacks between 1988 and 2002 and there are multiple reasons that have contributed to such a steep fall. This report will concentrate on tourism related threats. Unfortunately human threats now add to threats posed by nature and if it was not difficult enough to survive before, turtles now have to contend with problems we create. Marine turtles breathe with lungs. This forces them to surface in order to inhale air. The heart (see figure 2) consists of two atriums but one ventricle and results in an incomplete double circulatory system. This allows them to bear high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. Blood and muscle tissue can accumulate large quantities of oxygen. These features allow turtles to stay underwater and sleep for up
Titration Lab Report
CHEMISTRY LAB Titration Curves of Strong and Weak Acids and Bases Processing the Data: Questions: . Examine the time data for each of the Trials 1-4. In which trial(s) did the indicator change color at about the same time as the large increase in pH occurred at the equivalence point? In which trial(s) was there a significant difference in these two times? In all the 4 trials, the time taken for color change and the time taken for a large increase in pH was the same, leaving no significant difference between the two values. 2. Phenolphthalein changes from clear to red at a pH value of about 9. According to your results, with which combination(s) of strong or weak acids and bases can phenolphthalein be used to determine the equivalence point? The combination of a Strong Acid and Base will give us the equivalence point: there will be a color change of phenolphthalein at pH 9. It is also observed that the reaction between a Weak Acid and Strong Base can be used to obtain a pH of 9. 3. On each of the four printed graphs, draw a horizontal line from a pH value of 9 on the vertical axis to its intersection with the titration curve. In which trial(s) does this line intersect the nearly vertical region of the curve? In which trial(s) does this line miss the nearly vertical region of the curve? For Trials 1 and 3, the horizontal line from pH 9 intersects the S curve. For
what happens to the energy in a boucing ball
In my science general coursework I will be answering the question "What happens to the energy in a bouncing ball?" We all know that when we drop a ball from a height it wont bounce back to the original drop point, but do you know why? This must mean that the amount of energy it started off with is lowered. Where does that energy go? These are all the questions I will be answering by using sources such as textbooks and notes, the marking grid, books in library and the internet. My method for collecting data was very simple. I used two one metre rulers and a tennis ball! By dropping the ball from a range different heights I could put the data into a graph and see if there was a relationship. To make it a fair test I used the same ball on the same surface and whether it was dropped from the top of the ball or the bottom of the ball. It is very easy to make mistakes on such an experiment, it is all done by eye and reaction times so it is not the most precise of methods. To make my data more precise and reliable I carried out the test 4 times and erased any anomalies in my data. Then I averaged the data to get a reasonably accurate graph which showed a visible relationship. I am measuring the mass and the height so I can investigate why there is a loss of energy in the ball as it bounces back. Page 1 Bounce height (m) gravitational potential energy (j) original height
A Personal Experience.
A Personal Experience I awoke to the eerie sounds of the hospital at night and lay on the stiff bed, staring up at the blank ceiling, unable to slip into blissful sleep once again. The rigid smell of the hospital flooded my nostrils and brought back unwelcome memories as I strained to breathe. For a moment I wondered what I was doing here, and then the painful memories returned. I thought about what was to come and how my life would proceed considering what had happened. Would it change a great deal or would it return to normal once the procedures to repair the damage were complete? It all began just two days ago, Dad was at the top of our long field, weeding some unruly nettles and I was leading my horse, 'Fuse', up from the bottom of the field in order to take him to the weekly lesson we have together. I had only had Fuse a few months but in that time he had shown no temperamental problems. Little did I know that that was all to change... It was a fine summers evening, one of many we were having at the time, and I was just tidying up the field with the wheelbarrow before taking Emily and Fuse to their weekly riding lesson at the local stables I took hold of the Fuse, as usual and began to lead him up the field, a mundane journey both he and I had travelled numerous times before. He seemed unwilling at first, but this adolescent behaviour was far from unusual so I gave a
