Outline and assess Marxist explanations of crime and deviance.
Julie Wilcox Outline and assess Marxist explanations of crime and deviance. In looking at the Marxist explanation of crime and deviance one must also look to the non-sociologist explanations and those of other different groups in order to come to an informed view of the subject. The non-sociologist definition of crime and deviance would be that deviance is uncommon behaviour, something that offends the morals or the majority of society, without being harmful or serious enough to be criminal. Whereas a criminal act is an act which causes harm to someone else enough to warrant a decision-maker passing a law which forbids the act. The Marxist theory in general splits society in half, the rich and the poor. With the poor being exploited by the rich. This theory appears to be the basis for all Marxist perspective including the Marxist explanations of crime and deviance. Karl Marx stated that crime was the product of poverty and the traditional Marxist view regarding the cause of crime amongst the working classes is competition and the desire to acquire wealth. The working class people want the 'things' that they see the middle classes with but they cant afford them so they resort to stealing. The explanation of the cause of the majority of crime is given as the people fighting back against the oppression of a corrupt capitalist society. According to the Marxist
Identify five sentences that are available to the courts.
Criminology Assignment 2 Task 1 This task will involve me identifying five sentences that are available to the courts (with at least one being custodial and one being non-custodial). I will then answer the questions based on these sentences asked in the assignment. . Define and explain the sentence. Describe what it consists of and any other relevant factors (e.g.) its maximum duration, restrictions placed on its use, age range etc. 2. All sentences have a rationale (aim) and are designed to achieve a purpose. There are generally considered to be four main aims of sentencing: Retribution, Deterrence, Prevention of crime/Protection of society and Rehabilitation. You are to explain what each of these theories mean and then for each of your five sentences above identify what you think is its main aim (i.e.) is it to rehabilitate, deter, protect or punish. 3. The main division in sentencing practice in the UK is between custodial and non- custodial sentences. You are to identify three advantages and disadvantages of each. Non-Custodial Sentences A non custodial order is a sentence given to an offender who has committed a less serious crime. The offender is given community orders rather than imprisonment. If the offender breaks any of the below orders then they will be re-sentenced and this is likely to result in them being given a heavier order or even a prison
Boot Camps, The Real Thing or Just Another Piece of Bologna?
Persuasive Essay Boot Camps, The Real Thing or Just Another Piece of Bologna? Juvenile boot camps have been emerging more and more over the United States throughout the most recent years. At the rate they keep appearing, they seem as though they are here to stay. However, that might not be the truth quite yet. Several groups believe that they appear to be efficient and supportive to the youth at question. But the public foresees boot camps as senseless and inadequate. Juvenile boot camps do not always produce the results they are perceived to. Primarily, they are not reducing the amount of crime that is intended. Subsequently, these boot camps are wasting taxpayer's money while leading us to believe they are of great value to society. Last, the ending result isn't as outstanding as it should be. Juvenile boot camps are not reducing the amount of crime that is needed. "Boot camps fail to provide nurturing or promote independence, in addition boot camps ignore teenagers desire for fairness and their resistance to imposed structure" (Beyer 90). A person is a person whether it is a teen or an adult, and every person is entitled to fairness and their independence. With these boot camp enforcements, teens are purposely rejecting their problems causing it to become a bigger setback than an improvement. Statistics show that policies and programs such as the strengthening and
responding to emergencys 1
For this assignment I described how the police force grade an emergency and identified their initial action, role and responsibilities. I also had to describe the importance of responding to emergency's safely as well as identifying the statutory and voluntary agencies that may work together at a scene of an emergency incident, further more I had to explain the roles, responsibilities of the police, fire & rescue and the ambulance service attending an emergency incident P1 According to the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 an emergency in the UK is defined as any event or situation which threatens damage to human welfare, the environment, or to the security of the United Kingdom. To be defined as an emergency, an event must also require response by the emergency services, hospitals or local authority to put in to place special arrangements. Emergencies can therefore come in a number of forms, whether natural or human caused, challenge the normal delivery of emergency service, and have the potential to lead to loss of life. Examples of emergencies in the UK include the oil depot fire in Hemel-Hempstead in 2005, the bombings in London in 2005, or the flooding in Boscastle in 2004. The police grading criteria The police receive an average of 350 emergency '999'calls every day. These are the highest priority and they aim to answer them within 10 seconds and get to an
Thesis Statement: Specifically, I will enlighten you on the following three customs of the Yakuza: (1) Sakazuki, (2) Yubitsume, and (3) Irezumi.
James K Barath Thesis Statement: Specifically, I will enlighten you on the following three customs of the Yakuza: (1) Sakazuki, (2) Yubitsume, and (3) Irezumi. INTRODUCTION I. What was your first impression of when you saw me today? A) Well dressed. B) Overdressed. C) Member of one of the most dangerous and influential crime syndicates in the world? II. The international crime syndicate I am referring to is the Japanese mafia, better known as the YAKUZA. Yakuza has a connotative meaning "without worth for the society." Some would claim that the Yakuza were descendents from a class of gamblers and bandits, while others claim that they evolved from the samurai. Either case, it is important to recognize the patriarchal hierarchy. Father-Son and Brother-Brother relationships. (Slide) III. Today, they are referred to as the Keizai Yakuza, the economic gangster. This is due to their vast economic involvement with senior executives in companies such as: Hitachi, Nomura Securities, and Toshiba. (U.S. News & World Report, 1998) In matter of fact, the National Police Agency (Japan's equivalent to the FBI) speculated that in 1989, the Yakuza earned at least $9.6 billion. (NPA, 1989) IV. From my own personal study of Japanese culture at Valparaiso University and in conjunction with extensive research by David E. Kaplan, the foremost authority on the Yakuza, I am here
Examine the main trends in the birth and death rates in the UK since 1900
Examine the main trends in the birth and death rates in the UK since 1900 As the population of a country increases, there will be certain factors affecting the people of that country; the birth rate, and the death rate are two of the major demographic trends. Since 1900 the UK has changed greatly, as has the demography of the country. The Birth rate - the number of live births per 1000 of the population per year originally was fairly high due to the fact that child labour was legal in Victorian England, and that because of the high risk of death in childbirth due to infection ect. The more children you conceived, the higher the chance that you would get a child this is a rise in the TMF (total fraternity rate). In the early 1900's the birth rate was 28.7 births per 1000. Since the start of the 20th century the birth rate has been in long term decline; in 2007 the birthrate was only 10.7. The fall in birth rate can be explained by many reasons, one is that due to woman's rights, the position of women has greatly increased, meaning that the old stereotype stating that woman must look after the house and children ect is shunned; as some women may not want children due to increased educational opportunities and the fact that if they go on maternity leave they are at risk of losing their job - or having a large deduction of wages. If woman get pregnant accidently, it is now
'Crime Is a real problem that must be taken seriously by criminologists.' Discuss.
'Crime Is a real problem that must be taken seriously by criminologists.' Discuss. No matter which country we live in, what culture we belong to, whether we are black, white, rich, poor, etc. every individual is aware that some criminal activity is going on around them. You do not have study crime to understand it's existence, many people live their lives in environments where crime is clearly visible, and in turn make their own judgements and assumptions of what is acceptable or not. Criminologists on the other hand explore further into these everyday personal experiences, they attempt to dismiss any prejudice that could be a product of personal views and opinions and focus mainly on facts and theories that are open for scrutiny to other scientists. They are looking for answers to why crime occurs, questioning it and perhaps offering other agencies probable solutions or preventions. Criminologists question many things; new or old theories/data/hypothesis, behaviour patterns, criminal research findings, new or old crime statistics, etc. and are frequently researching new data. However, this does not mean that all criminologists have the same arguments, as with most scientists, they specialize in their own fields. My discussion will be about realist (left and right) criminology and how their arguments differ to biologists, or in particular anthropological criminology.
law and order
Jack the Ripper. Describe Law and Order in London in the late Nineteenth Century. There was a huge change in law and order in the late 19th century, to being very successful and crime rate dramatically going down. There were only two police forces in Britain, before the Metropolitan Police Force was set up in 1829, the Thames River Police Force and the Bow Street Runners. Towns and cities were growing rapidly and the system could not cope. The main turning point came in policing when Sir Robert Peel, the home secretary, was convinced of the need for a police force and set up the Metropolitan Police Force. Peel's ideas had a huge affect on police forces and still exist today. The police became known as 'Bobbies' and 'peelers' after there founder Sir Robert Peel. The streets of many British towns and cites would be patrolled by the watchmen and parish constables before the Metropolitan Police Force came about. The watchmen and the parish constables would keep an eye out for trouble and prevented disturbances and would keep it well under control because they knew the people and the town well, however they couldn't deal with the big things, like riots, which were common in parts of Britain. Image of Sir Robert Peel. The British people disliked seeing red coats because it was the colour of the army. The Government used the army to keep order and suppress popular
Which of the following problems do you consider to have been the most serious facing American Society in the 1920s. a) Organised crime b) Racial and religious intolerance c) The growing division between the rich and the poor
3. Which of the following problems do you consider to have been the most serious facing American Society in the 1920s. a) Organised crime b) Racial and religious intolerance c) The growing division between the rich and the poor Although the 1920s was described as "Roaring" and highly successful, which it was to an extent, the rebellious attitude that the American people gained, turned them towards crime and racial intolerance. Much of the "boom" was only experienced by the higher class Americans, WASPS (white Anglo-Saxon protestants), and the others such as immigrants, blacks and manual workers were forced into an even worse poverty. This led them towards crime, as they had no other way of making money. The WASPs became richer but also more rebellious and arrogant. This arrogance led to racial violence between WASPs and blacks and other ethnic minorities that they felt threatened their American Pride. These problems made the 1920s much more dangerous and much less appealing than it seemed to be, but each problem was fuelled by the new attitudes towards life, of the American People. During the "Roaring Twenties", the Protestants believed that alcohol was the destructor of families, as they saw the man of the family spending all their money on alcohol in bars. The Protestants, having great power and influence in America introduced Prohibition of Alcohol. They thought
As a government advisor I have been asked by the Minister of Justice to prepare a report identifying policy solutions to crime in Scotland. In the following report I will focus on drugs and alcohol.
As a government advisor I have been asked by the Minister of Justice to prepare a report identifying policy solutions to crime in Scotland. In the following report I will focus on drugs and alcohol. I will identify how these two factors relate to crime and the problems that they present. I will then make policy recommendations, which I feel will prevent or reduce criminal activity involving the two. Background When addressing the problem of whether drugs and alcohol are related to crime it is a good idea to establish figures, which, relate to the two. It can be shown that drug taking and crime are related. This is highlighted in the finding of a Glasgow University study which, found, that 31% of all people arrested in Strathclyde and Fife police regions tested positive for heroin. There study also found, that of all people arrested in these two areas 71% tested positive for some type of illegal substance. The findings for Scotland were double that of New York and five times that of Los Angeles1. Although these figures clearly show that there is major problem with drugs in Scotland, they don't do anything to show a link between drugs and crime. This will be discussed later in the report. Alcohol is another factor that is believed to be a factor in crimes, particularly crime of a violent nature. The Home Office believe that around half of all violent crimes have alcohol as
