Account for the rise of black on black crime
Death in the Afternoon. London 2012: As the Olympic Village reaches completion more and more young people are being murdered in the streets of London. Many victims die at the hands of members of their own community. Iti Awosika joins the heated debate about how we can protect our children. There has been an alarming rate of deaths amongst teenage black boys. For the past decade Britain has had the largest rate of teenage deaths amongst teenagers both black and white, however this number has been much higher of amongst teens of Black decent, may have questioned the reason for this with statements like’ I blame the parents’, ‘I blame the education system’. But what are the main causes for these senseless acts of violence that are taking the lives of the next generation. If you concentrate on the series of murder victims in London it is clear to see that these victims are of Black Caribbean and Black African heritage. But these killings do not happen because the youth of today have become more heartless and senseless about the welfare of others. There is a narrative around violence that is being perpetuated most strongly within Black communities in London. Examples of this narrative could include; a sense that protective factors such as policing and criminal justice are no longer supporting or protecting them; that their identity and security within this current
Evaluation argument on corporal punishment in schools.
Surname Name: Course: Tutor: Date: Corporal punishment in Singaporean Schools Introduction Schools are the social institutions that are traditionally concerned with the role of the transfer of knowledge besides other aspects of culture to upcoming generations. Knowledge may involve skills and mannerisms that enable individuals to function in society. As a social institution, the school performs the function of developing an all rounded person for the welfare of the society (Lwo and Yuan 138). The functionality of individuals involves their cultural induction that consequently involves the instillation of virtues that the society cherishes. Besides, it also involves the condemnation of vices that the society perceives as detrimental. Violence is one of the vices condemned across diverse cultures. The school as a social institution is expected to train individuals who later co-exist in a society free of violence. In schools, teachers play the roles of both mentors and educators to children. Consequently, they act as disciplinarians to children, a function that sometimes puts them at loggerheads with the virtues that they promote (UNICEF 2012). Teachers have several alternatives in the instillation of discipline to ensure effective classroom management (Lwo and Yuan 138). Corporal punishment is one of the options frequently used in the school set up. According to
In what way can the state be accused of taking part in criminal activity?
By Elizabeth Dale Sociology In what way can the state be accused of taking part in criminal activity? (21 marks) Many have argued that the state can breach individual’s human rights. Human rights can be defined as “A right that is believed to belong justifiably to everyone”. Schwendinger (1970) argues that we should define crime in terms of the violation of basic human rights rather than the breaking of legal rules. Cohen believes some acts aren’t illegal even though we find them immoral. However, Herman argues that we should label acts criminal if they go against our human rights. Sociologists should defend human rights even if it is against the state. It is a form of transgressive criminology. This means when states deny the rights of an individual; they must be regarded as criminals. This shows us that the state knowingly, violates human rights when they are committing crimes such as genocide. The term genocide refers to violent crimes committed against national, ethnic, racial or religious groups. A recent example of genocide is Darfur, a region in Sudan, where a civil war has been raging since 1983. To date over 2 million people have been killed and 4 million displaced, with many thousands more tortured, injured and raped. The evidence of the crimes that the State commit is known by the public, but they are not prosecuted for them, like other criminals
Outline the meaning of the term "hidden figure of crime"?
Outline and explain the meaning of the term “Hidden Figure of crime” (15 marks) The hidden figures of crime are crimes which are hidden and we are oblivious too. These included corporate crimes. Crimes may be unreported or unrecorded due to certain circumstances. Unreported crimes would include a man getting raped. This wouldn’t be reported due to embarrassment. Also some crimes may simply just be unrecorded due to there being more serious crimes. Unrecorded crimes would include stealing clothes of a washing line. This may be left to being unreported because it’s too trivial. The unreporting of crime is a form of the social construction. Victims may not be aware that they are a victim therefore they may not report such crimes. These would include sexual abuse of children. Another reason of why some crimes are unreported is because victims may not trust the police or they may know people who have committed the crimes so they do not want to get them involved. Companies may sometimes commit tax frauds and they may not be reported due to bad publicity and defaming their status and name. Some crimes are left to be unrecorded by the police because they may have numerous serious crimes at the same time and they feel that there is no use wasting crimes in recording the trivial crimes. Another reason is that they may get tired after a long shift and if a few small crimes
Outline the new right view of the role of education
Outline the new right view of the role of education According to the New Right’s beliefs, the role of education is to instil drive, initiative and enterprise. The New Right believe this will come from competition between schools and colleges, motivating teachers to improve standards and providing parents and students with a choice of schools and colleges. The New Right see them as being similar to functionalists and they believe in the freedom of the individual with less central control. They believe in free market principles within education with a desire to reduce public spending, they also believe that education as an important part in the process of socialisation. They believe that education can help socialise children through religious assemblies, the National Curriculum and citizenship lessons. The New Right wants educational policies that will increase choice with market principles to raise standards. If a school is successful, it will attract parents and children purely because it is successful. The New Right believes that all parents have the right to send their child to a successful school – hence their support of parental choice. The New Right also believes that a successful school will gather sufficient momentum to build on its successes. They also see the major role of education is the development of skills and knowledge required to compete in the outside
Are our streets safer now? Crime rates in Scotland.
Discursive essay Are our streets safer now? There are lots of people in Scotland that think the crime rates are decreasing and that our streets are safer, on the other hand many people also think crime rates are increasing and our streets are more dangerous than ever. I’m going to show both view points on my chosen topic – Are our streets safer now? The people that think our streets are safer now are government and police and those who support the government’s judgement and their political party and newspapers that support conservatives and liberal democrats. They believe the streets are safer because of official government statistics which are formed from reported and therefore recorded crime. In 2006 official government statistics showed that recorded crimes had decreased by 5% from the previous year. The problem with recorded crime and statistics is, not all crimes are reported, and as a consequence are not recorded. Overall crime figures may have decreased but if we were to look at all the different types of crime, it may show that the majority of crime has gone up and only a minority has gone down. The public who think are streets are more dangerous are government opposition and other opposing parties and those who support the newspapers that support these parties. The reason they believe this, is that more serious crimes have risen but minor crimes that have
Is there a single definitive policing model appropriate to policing in England and Wales?
Policing S12795099 Is there a single definitive policing model appropriate to policing in England and Wales? The purpose of this essay is to examine whether there is a single definitive policing model appropriate to policing in England and Wales. The Police are members of a police force. They are an organised Civil force of a federal or local government, responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and the maintenance of public order. Oxford Dictionaries. (2012). oxford. Their job is to work in partnership with the communities, they help to sustain law and order, safeguard members of the public and their possessions, stop crime and develop the quality of life for all citizens. This essay will discuss reasons to why there is not a single definitive policing model appropriate to policing in England and Wales. In 1829, Sir Robert Peel created the Metropolitan Police when he served as Home Secretary of England. According to Peel, the real key for policing is "the police are the people and the people are the police". Peel believed that prevention of crime could be accomplished without intruding into the lives of citizens. With the development of the Metropolitan Police, Peel established nine principles to his theory of policing. These nine principles are as relevant today as they were in the 1800's. The structure of policing in England and Wales is based on The
The purpose of this report is to evaluate and reflect upon my experience of working in a group situation
Pink Form Group Evaluation The purpose of this report is to evaluate and reflect upon my experience of working in a group situation. I will be using different theorist to assist me in this task. Lewin (1948, p 73-75) argued that if a group are dependent on each other for the success of a task then a “powerful dynamic is created.” He also explained that although people may come into the group with different personalities, but, if they share a common goal, they will work together so that the goal is achieved. I believe this applied to our group at first because enthusiasm was high. However, both peer A and myself were the ones who became more committed to this task. This involved staying late after college and collaborating on the presentation on our study days. (Zander 1982, p. 2-3) explains that individuals who are in close proximity to each other develop stronger bonds and work better as a group. He also mentions that successful groups who regularly spend time together become more unified within a group setting. Unfortunately we were unable to meet up when our term had ended and this may have contributed to a lack of cohesion within the group. Belbin (2010) identified that there are 9 team roles based on a series of statements that constitute the 'Self-Perception Inventory' (SPI).The statements that are answered are based on an individual’s personal awareness of
Analyse explanations of crime and deviance and explain the importance of social order and social control
Unit Title: Crime and Deviance Kayleigh Giles-Johnson Analyse explanations of crime and deviance and explain the importance of social order and social control In this essay we will be looking at the topic of crime and deviance, firstly defining what the two terms mean and looking at the difference between them, before analysing the importance of social order and social control. We will then look at why crime and deviance can occur even in a socially ordered society, analysing theories from different sociological perspectives in order to explain this. By definition, crime is behaviour that breaks the laws of a society, whilst deviance is behaviour that differs from the norms and values of a particular group or society (Swale J, 2007, p.131). Whilst crime is commonly deviant behaviour, deviant behaviour itself does not always include criminal activity. For example, robbing a bank is both criminal and deviant; however wearing a pair of knickers on your head is deviant but not necessarily a crime. Generally, most people do not take part in deviant or criminal behaviour for fear of being seen as abnormal or indecent by their society. Travis Hirschi’s Social Bonds Theory (1969), explains how the formation of attachment to family, friends and society in general can prevent deviant behaviour. The four
Outline some of the reasons why different pupil subcultures exist in schools. (12 marks)
Outline some of the reasons why different pupil subcultures exist in schools. (12 marks) A pupil subculture is a group of pupils who share similar values and behaviour patterns. Pupil subcultures often emerge from as a response to the way pupils have been labelled and in particular as a reaction to streaming. Research shows that pupils respond to negative labelling and racism in different ways. For example they may respond by becoming disruptive or withdrawn. Alternatively, pupils may refuse to accept label and even decide to work harder, to prove it wrong. A good example of pupils responding by rejecting negative labels is Mary Fuller’s study of a group of black girls in year 11 of a London comprehensive school. This group of girls instead of accepting negative stereotypes of them, the girls channelled their anger about being labelled into the pursuit of educational success. Unlike the girls in lower streams, they did form a negative subculture against education and did not seek approval from the teachers. This subculture may still exist in school because; negative labelling and racism still exist among different schools. This ultimately causes pupils to respond by forming good and bad subcultures. Colin Lacey’s concepts of differentiation and polarisation help explain how pupil subcultures develop. Differentiation is the process of teachers categorising pupils
