Indian Government Considering School-based Sex Education Program
Indian Government Considering School-based Sex Education Program Faced with the warnings that India's infected people could outnumber South Africa's in the next decade unless urgent measures are taken, the government is looking into school-based programs. Until recently, parents, educators, and bureaucrats had resisted the introduction of sex education for teenagers at school. Some argued that such programs would only encourage promiscuity. However, the centrally funded National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) prepared a School AIDS Education module in 1999, drawing on the experiences of scattered programs in operation since 1995 under the umbrella of extra-curricular school activities. Some states are now gradually introducing these programs in senior classes. One of NACO's objectives is to attain an awareness level at least 90 percent among those in the reproductive age group. Some say this targeted approach should yield results. "In a country where sex and sexuality are taboo, mass awareness drives have obviously failed," says Dr. D.K. Neogi, head of the virology department of the Calcutta-based School of Tropical Medicine. "The only way to make people more conscious is through one-to-one counseling." Despite doubts expressed by some experts, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have taken the lead in the campaign to spread awareness. As they
Does Utopia describe an ideal society
Does Utopia describe an ideal society? Thomas More was born in London in 1477. More had an extensive education and rose quickly through the Government hierarchy and attained high office. In May 1515 he was appointed to a delegation to help revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. During this time he began writing Utopia and completed it upon his return to London. Utopia was first published in Latin, at Louvain in December 1516. More added Utopia just before the outbreak of the reformation, during a time when the stresses and corruption that led to the reformation were rapidly increasing towards conflict. Utopia itself depicts what its narrator Hythloday, claimed to be an ideal society. The book became a huge success and founded a literary tradition known as 'the utopian novel'. This tradition is an authors attempt to describe a perfect and ideal society. The book is in two parts, and it is believed that the first was written last and the second was written first. The first book (book 1) is presented as an introduction to book 2 as well as providing commentary to it. It is also viewed by many that the first book was likely to have been written in two parts, firstly, to briefly introduce the characters particularly the narrator: Hythloday. With the second part being of Hythloday giving an extended speech on a number of subjects with some being of a major interest to More
Too any of us see education as essentially a preparation for moving up in social status, and as a means of securing a better lifestyle. And certainly, these are some of its major functions.
Tuesday, 01 May 2007 Too any of us see education as essentially a preparation for moving up in social status, and as a means of securing a better lifestyle. And certainly, these are some of its major functions. However, I do not see them as primary functions of education. I think it is vital that we understand that the major function of education is to help secure the survival of a people. When we talk about maximising the intelligence of black children we are speaking not just in terms of ability to go through school and to get better reading and writing averages and go to the right colleges. We are concerned about enhancing their intelligence so that it can serve as a means for maintaining the actual physical survival of black people. We are now at the crossroads. We are in a pathetic situation as far as the world is concerned. We are in a situation that is exceedingly dangerous, where we questioning whether African peoples survive the next century. And consequently, it's going to take a different kind of thinking style, a different system of values, and different approach to human relations to get us out of this quandary that we are in today; the quandary the European has put us in. And it's going to require a different kind of education that what is available today. 'You can tell a tree by the fruit it bears.' We cannot be only concerned with having an amoral education,
What are the strengths and weakness of the conflict perspective in Sociology? Illustrate how the conflict perspective can be applied to the study of a named social institution in society.
What are the strengths and weakness of the conflict perspective in Sociology? Illustrate how the conflict perspective can be applied to the study of a named social institution in society. 'Money is the barometer of a society's virtue. When you see that trading is done, not by consent, but by compulsion-when you see that in order to produce, you need to obtain permission from men who produce nothing- when you see that money is flowing to those that deal, not in goods, but in favors -when you see that men get richer by graft and pull tan by work, and your laws don't protect you against them, but protect them against you- when you see corruption being rewarded and honesty becoming self-sacrifice- you may know that your society is domed.' Ayn Rand (from Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal) Sociology as defined by Giddens (1986) "is a social science, having as its main focus the study of the social institutions brought into being by the industrial transformations of the past two or three centuries'. There are three main perspectives used for studying sociology. The functualist perspective which views society as working together , with cohesion and integration. The conflict theory, which emphasizes the conflict between different groups in society, focusing on domination, oppression, exploitation. Both of these perspectives study society on a macro level,
General Education in the United States.
General Education Except for a brief contraction in the early 1990s, the higher education system in the United States has been growing steadily since the late 1970s. Roughly half of all Americans now have attended college at some point in their lives, and roughly a quarter hold a postsecondary degree.(In the United Kingdom, by contrast, less than 15 percent of the population goes to university.) There are 14.5 million students in American colleges and universities today. In 1975 there were a little over 11 million; in 1965 there were fewer than 6 million. And yet when a person in higher education talk about its conditions and its prospects, doom is often in their voices. There are three matters these people tend to worry about: the future of liberal arts college; the "collapse"(as its frequently termed) of the academic disciplines, particularly the humanities; and the seemingly intractable disparity between the supply of Ph.D.s and the demand for new faculty. There are more college student than ever. Why does the system feel to many of the people who work in it as though it is struggling? (Menand, Louis pg 219) Many people are flocking to college, but there not going there for a traditional liberal arts education. Liberal education is under siege. Critics, of whom there are many; call it an overpriced indulgence for the affluent few who do not have to worry about earning a
In what ways and to what extent did the status of women change in the nineteenth century.
In what ways and to what extent did the status of women change in the nineteenth century. This essay is aimed at examining how and to what degree women's status changed during the nineteenth century. Points that will be examined include, looking at areas that affected their lives to a great extent. Which includes their legal and employment status, education and political standing. There was a certain degree of change for women's rights during the nineteenth century in all of the above aspects. Although, they still had rather a tough life that is, unless you had a very high-class position. If you were women born or married into the aristocracy, the principal concern for you would be to marry well, hopefully a gentleman with lots of land or property and then produce a son and heir for your husband. A great deal of pressure was brought to bear on women to have a son. Lord Londonderry gave his wife a set of pearls worth £10,000 when she gave birth to their first son in 1821. The upper and middle class women were not expected to work. They were expected to be obedient, quiet, demure, care for their family run the home and servants. They would spend their days in a perpetual round of entertaining friends with tea parties etc. Later, we can see that this dull and boring life, where they were not allowed to use their brains led to
Critically Evaluate the Functionalist Perspective on Education
Critically Evaluate the Functionalist Perspective on Education For the Functionalists, education performs a positive function for all individuals in society and has a powerful influence over it. The education system serves the needs of an industrial society by providing a more advanced division of labour; socialising new generations into societies shared norms and values and, according to meritocratic criteria, allocates roles in. Education supposedly meets societies through three related economic roles; socialisation; allocation and vocational training. Firstly, Durkheim and Parsons (1956-9) stated that the education system involves the transmission of socially agreed norms and values, known as the 'Value Consensus', to future generations. This was done through both the 'formal' curriculum and the 'hidden' curriculum, and its economic role is referred to as socialisation or social control. The formal curriculum is more commonly known as the National Curriculum and so is thus the timetabled lessons the state lays out for students to undertake. However, the hidden curriculum teaches such moral lessons as the reward and punishment system, by which students must conform to and obey more authoritative persons (teachers), and installs a sense of work ethic, like punctuality and co-operation. Functionalist theorists believe that this internalisation of norms and values results
Report on: Lowood Institution for Orphan Girls.
Lowood Institution Report on: Lowood Institution for Orphan Girls. Assessor: Rooshab Shah Outline Introduction to Lowood 2 Physical Environment 2.1 Grounds and Location of Lowood 2.2 Classrooms 2.3 Dormitories 2.4 Washing Facilities 2.5 Dining Facilities 2.6 Healthcare Facilities 3 Schooling 3.1 Subjects Studied 3.2 Discipline 3.3 Play, Welfare and Well-being 4 Miscellaneous 4.1Clothing and Uniform 4.2 Meals 4.3 Daily Routine 4.4 Staff 4.5 Sundays 5 Conclusion 5.1 Good Elements of the school 5.2 Bad Elements of the school 6 Recommendations - What should happen to the school - Final Statement Introduction This is a report on Lowood School. This report assesses the school on the standard and quality areas of the school. Lowood is an all girls' school (or institution if you like) for orphan who's parents have either died or neglected them. The girls age from about 9 years and above, and there is thirty-five or so of them. The teachers have come forward voluntarily and are paid only a little if any at all. Lowood is a boarding school, and there is a fee to be a part of the school. This fee is only here for the upkeep of the school. The fee to come to Lowood is £15 per annum. This money is used to pay for the costs of food, clothing, general maintenance needed to be done to the school, etc. 2 Physical Environment 2.1 Grounds and Location Lowood
Religion as a Conservative Force
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Describe and Discuss Gender Inequality in Contemporary Society with reference to the Labour Market
Describe And Discuss Gender Inequality In Contemporary Society With Reference To The Labour Market. Word Count 1570 Sex is what distinguishes men and women biologically, namely it describes the physical qualities which derive from variations in chromosomes, hormones and genitalia. Gender refers to a set of culturally defined characteristics which determine society's view of people as 'masculine' or 'feminine'. Sociologists have long debated over the causes of unfair sexual divisions of labour. Some have forwarded biological explanations, whereas others hold responsible the socialisation of gender roles. In this essay I will look at how the nineteenth century socialisation of gender roles is believed to have affected women's position in the labour market. I will then consider the increasing feminisation of the labour market and seek to explain the persistent inequalities between men and women. Up until the twentieth century, women were largely excluded from the labour market, partly because of the social construction of separate 'male' and 'female' spheres. Feminist Ann Oakley believes that the modern role of 'housewife' emerged in the early stages of industrialisation (Haralambos&Holborn, 2008, 108). Due to the norms and values of the time, supported by the functionalist Parsons, it was expected of the man to provide for the family, whilst the woman would tend to the home.