To what extent does voting by ethnic minorities reflect the voting behaviour of the whole electorate?
To what extent does voting by ethnic minorities reflect the voting behaviour of the whole electorate? In present day there are currently 12 ethnic minority MP's in parliament, all of who belong to the Labour party. Ethnic minority groups tend to be part of the immigrant population and so are more likely to belong to the working class and so have a stronger party identification with labour. This can be shown in the 1997 general election in which 70% of Asian voters and 86% of Black voters voted for labour. The difference in the two could be to do with the fact that Asian people in particular have been very successful in Britain with setting up businesses so in the 1997 elections the 25% of Asian voters that voted for conservative didn't feel the effect of Black Wednesday as significantly as the rest of the electorate. In the opinion poll of the above source after labours first term in government 84% of black voters & 80% of Asian voters said that they preferred the labour government. This could be to do with the fact that one of the conservative policies in 2001 election was immigration, which led to a stronger party identification between ethnic minorities and the labour party. However although ethnic minorities tend to have a strong partisan alignment with labour they have a low voter turnout. However in the 2001 election Britain saw the lowest voter turnout since 1918 with
Use Sources F and G, and your own knowledge, to explain how the police tried to catch Jack the Ripper.
Jack The Ripper Sources Coursework 4) Study Sources F and G Use Sources F and G, and your own knowledge, to explain how the police tried to catch Jack the Ripper. There were many ways in which the police tried to catch Jack the Ripper. As Jack the Ripper was never caught, unfortunately, many of their techniques were flawed. Firstly, leaflets, (source F), were posted through people's doors (in the East End) after the first two murders. These were to encourage people to come forward and put people's names who were believed to be suspicious. There were however many short comings in this. Many people in the East End were illiterate, and consequently the leaflets made no impact on them at all. In addition, there were problems even if the people could read. The leaflet itself was very general. "Should you know of any person to whom suspicion is attached..." It is very universal. To some people, a non-Englishman would have been the most suspicious of all. People did not want to believe that a person of their own kind would commit such crimes, and therefore found foreigners suspicious. They would have gone along to the nearest police station and made their suspicions known. A catalyst for this could have been the description given in source D. She mentions the last person seen with the victim looked like a foreigner. "He looked to me like a foreigner..." This also brought out old
What is a gang?
What is a gang? A gang is a combination of people who regard themselves as a family therefore, who are committed as one unit. In addition there is all kind of gang to intend to break the law regularly using their inacceptable behavior and also there are other gangs who hang around in the streets, the park or even at the shopping centre. Furthermore, Youth gangs are variously defined in the social science and criminal justice literature. Youth gangs are bound by a common ethnicity, race, social class, or other determinant and employ distinctive symbols, including style and color of dress, hand signs, tattoos, and graffiti. Loyal gang members follow a gang-defined system of rules, rituals, and codes of behavior. Gangs serve some individuals as a substitute family structure. Membership imparts a sense of empowerment as members act together to defend territory and provide mutual protection. Youth gangs typically engage in delinquent, criminal, and violent activities, often for financial gain. Why do many people find gangs really disrespectful? Gangs can be violent, vicious and also vehement. Gangs are violent because using or involving physical force intends to hurt, damage, or kill people or something: “A violent confrontation with riot police”, vicious because it’s probably like deliberately cruel or violent and also gangs can be vehement, this is because showing
What is sociology?
Samantha Clarke What is sociology? Sociology is the study of how society is organised and how we experience life. Sociology examines how our behavior individually and in groups is influenced by social processes and what that means. Sociology studies people in their everyday environments at every level. Sociologists study a variety of things including human interaction which means people’s behavior with others in any situation for example, a teacher with their students. These interactions and roles lead to social institutions such as family or mass media. These institutions all form the social structure which is linked to the way in which a whole society is organised. Sociologists have advanced theories about how society works, this is due to the fact that it is a controversial issue where sociologists have different opinions and so different perspectives about how society works. Sociology involves looking at social trends and patterns of behavior e.g. different behavior’s in a classroom and different explanations for things. Within sociology, there are many different theories created by sociologists such as Max Weber, Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx, who all worked in the 19th / early 20th centuries. Emile Durkheim believed that sociology was a separate science from other subjects and should concern itself with the scientific study of social facts. Max Weber was
Violence in the media.
Violence in the media MORAL PANIC In relation to the media, moral panic can be defined as being an unjustified fear of something, which tends to find expression on a wide scale in the public arena; blaming an object or activity for a wider social evil. Such controversies in the past have arisen with transcript such as the 'Penny Dreadful's, or films, which incorporated crime, as they were seen to promote violence to younger individuals. A good example of moral panic can be referred to the Jamie Bulger case, which came to the conclusion that after the two accused murders watched a supposed horror film about a psychotic doll, they became deluded and set out to re-create the film, and as an attempt killed Jamie Bulger. As the case went public society, became aware that such films could pose a threat to their younger generation, as they were very easy to get hold of and could cause permanent mental damage to their children. A campaign was set up to abolish the film and to increase the censorship factors on the films with tighter charges given to those who sold such films to under aged persons. During an experiment done by Donnstein and Linz, which showed how young so called healthy boys could become desensitized to women rape cases. They were given a survey before watching several horror films, to find out how they felt to certain issues. And then were given the same survey
Why were the police unable to catch jack the ripper?
Why were the police unable to catch jack the ripper? There were many possible reasons why the police were incapable of catching jack the ripper, one of which could have been because of the media , the media was leading the police to the wrong suspects. Jack the ripper was very clever as he left no clues at the scene. His trial stopped after Mary was murdered and there were no more clues or information. The way the bodies of the victims were dissected led the police that only some one with some sort of medical knowledge was to be blamed for the murders. In Whitechapel there were many slaughter houses so it was common for people to have blood on their clothes and there were so many water troughs, so it would have been easy for the murderer to wash the blood of himself. Although the murders were committed during the weekend and the murderer may not be a resident of Whitechapel the police still suspected people in Whitechapel. All the suspicion led to many Jews being suspected. The media published details of suspects they suspected to the story even if they had nothing to do with it. This increased public fascination and interest which led to many hoaxes. This hindered the police investigation, making it more difficult for the police to be effective. The media focused on the more sensitive issues like the amount of immigrants which influenced the police enquiry. The newspapers
Why were the police unable to catch Jack the ripper?
Shane Lightfoot Why were the police unable to catch Jack the ripper? There are many factors and possible reasons to why the police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper. The Ripper is thought to have been very clever in the way that he manipulated the fact that there were two police forces around in this time, both in direct competition with each other. Jack the Ripper was thought to be a resident in London, the general public and the press wasted time with false leads, hoax letters and red herrings. There were very little clues, Jack the Ripper was very careful about what he did and left no leads for the police to follow up. There was never any one description of the killer; each witness gives a different description as to how they saw him. The Ripper struck at random and there was no connection established between him and his victim. The police and the CID were still in their infancy after just being founded, they had little or no experience with serial killers as the ripper was the first one, and the killer was took quick for beginners. The press played a very big part in the fact that the police were unable to catch the Ripper. They made up many hoax letters to publish in their papers and they sent these to the police. Time was wasted following up false leads mentioned in the hoax letters. The police could have been following up other leads and checking out other pieces
Youth Crime
Youth Crime 'There are many calls for more 'law and order,' for tougher sentences and more control. These are made despite all the evidence concerning the ineffectiveness of imprisonment. Calls for tougher sentences tend to only deal with crime as an illegal act and ignore the fact that it is but a symptom, which has its roots in deeper social tensions and problems'. It could be suggested that there are many reasons why people commit crime so the aim of this assignment will research, analyse and comment on youth crime. Moore (2002) suggests prisons have three main aims one being to punish individuals for committing crimes whether against another person or against society. Supporters of prisons believe inmates should be treated harshly by having to live in poor conditions and not given any respect from those in authority. According to this argument 'those who commit crime lose their rights to be treated as individuals.' (Moore, 2002 pg. 294). However, critics feel strongly that instead of reforming people it actually turns them into hardened criminals. Ex convicts find it difficult to re- integrate back into society as obtaining a job is virtually impossible, therefore, no job, and no money leads on to frustration, anger and then on to further crime. The second reason for prisons is that of containment. It is felt that by detaining people and excluding them from
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