The Causes of the Industrial Revolution 1750-1850.
Friday 24th October 2003 The Causes of the Industrial Revolution 1750-1850 Nobody really knows exactly when the industrial revolution happened or what caused it, although it was roughly from 1750-1850 and was caused by many things, which are all linked in different ways. Each of these causes triggered a chain reaction of ideas, inventions and machines, all of which contributed to the industrial revolution. There are lots of causes and even today historians can't work out all the reasons why it happened. Therefore this essay will not talk about all of the aspects. It will talk about population growth, factories, agricultural improvements, inventions and inventors, key figures in the industrial revolution, transport improvements and the expansion of trade. Population growth played a key role in helping the industrial revolution to happen. It created demand for new products which tempted many people to open factories. Also, before the 1700s most people lived in the country away from the cities with their own plot of land to grow food on. However by the 1800s when the industrial revolution was well underway, the population had tripled, due to agricultural improvements and the fact that there had been no epidemics or outbreaks of diseases, such as the plague. This meant that there was not enough space in the country for each family to have it's own plot of land and that people
Why did Britain Have an Industrial Revolution Between 1750 and 1850?
William Keith 27/11/02 Why did Britain Have an Industrial Revolution Between 1750 and 1850? The industrial revolution happened in Britain around 1850 and not finishing for a century. Britain was the first and all the other countries followed. In some countries, the industrial revolution has not happened yet; in all others, though, it is, in a way, still going on, because of the fact that technological advances are still happening. In Britain, the revolution saw changes in all aspects of industry. Not just in that factories and mass production were introduced, but in economy, trade, population, labour etc. There were even changes in agriculture relating to the other industrial changes of the time. Efficiency was also enhanced because of the large number of business enterprises situated within a limited area. This made people more competitive and, therefore, willing to push harder for better quality goods, in less time. During the revolution, there was a great change in the population. Not only in the total amount of people who lived in the country, but also in the amount of people living in the different areas. For example, as farming progressed and became more efficient, there were more job openings in the cities and more availability for freedom from the
Is the term 'Industrial Revolution' an accurate description of the economic changes taking place in the period 1760-1850?
The industrial revolution in Britain: nature and interpretation Is the term 'Industrial Revolution' an accurate description of the economic changes taking place in the period 1760-1850? Since the time of the Industrial Revolution itself historians have been arguing about the nature of industrialisation. The notion of the period being "a significant watershed in historic development" (Hudson, 1992) has its roots in the writings of the early nineteenth century. Since then the interpretations have altered together with the circumstances acting upon historians at each different period. This essay will concentrate on the current debate which has been initiated by the publishing of Deane's and Cole's book "British Economic growth 1688-1959" in 1962, which marked the first attempt to quantify the Industrial Revolution. Their estimates have been revised by Crafts in the 1980s who was in favour of a more gradual development. Crafts' interpretation has then again been criticised by Berg and Hudson, who were trying to restore the idea of the industrialisation as being a discontinuity rather than a gradual development. In 1962 Deane and Cole were the first historians who tried to measure the level of the industrialisation and economic growth during the time of the Industrial Revolution calculating an annual growth rate for the amount of industrial output. For the nineteenth century
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution may be defined as the application of power-driven machinery to manufacturing. It had its beginning in remote times, and is still continuing in some places. In the eighteenth century all of western Europe began to industrialize rapidly, but in England the process was most highly accelerated. England's head start may be attributed to the emergence of a number of simultaneous factors. Britain had burned up her magnificent oak forests in its fireplaces, but large deposits of coal were still available for industrial fuel. There was an abundant labor supply to mine coal and iron, and to man the factories. From the old commercial empire there remained a fleet, and England still possessed colonies to furnish raw materials and act as captive markets for manufactured goods. Tobacco merchants of Glasgow and tea merchants of London and Bristol had capital to invest and the technical know-how derived from the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. Last, but not least important, the insularity of England saved industrial development from being interrupted by war. Soon all western Europe was more or less industrialized, and the coming of electricity and cheap steel after 1850 further speeded the process. I. The Agricultural Revolution The English countryside was transformed between 1760 and 1830 as the open-field system of cultivation gave way to
Changes Made By The Industrial Revolution.
Changes Made By The Industrial Revolution In mid 18th century Britain, 7 million people lived in small rural villages. Farming was the main occupation for workers at this time. Apart from London there were no cities and no factories. Woollen cloth, coal mining and iron were main industries. The years between 1750 - 1850 are known as the First Industrial Revolution. In this period of time, the population of Britain trebled to 21 million people. In 1850 coal mining, iron and steel, cotton, wool and shipbuilding were now the most important industries. Between 1850 - 1880, Britain was the world's leading industrial country, sometimes called 'The Workshop Of The World'. By 1880 USA, and Germany began to challenge Britain and with the industry still growing, now producing cars, bicycles, electrical engineering and chemicals, this was now called The Second Industrial Revolution. In the early 18th century woollen cloth was the most important industry in Britain. But because the population grew so rapidly the demand for cloth was more. The domestic system could not cope with this demand and therefore lost its place to the cotton textile industry. Old looms were replaced by new machines, which were much faster and more reliable. Richard Arkwright's water frame made a huge change in the industry. From now on spinning was to be done at mills (factories) built by the sides of fast
Industrial Revolution
Justine King Mr. Smith AP Euro Per. 7/8 3/1/09 DBQ- Industrial Rev. During the late 1700s Britain underwent dramatic changes as a result of the Industrial Revolution. Manchester was transformed from a rural, agricultural society to an urban industrial society. As illustrated in Doc. 1, Manchester experienced tremendous growth from 1750 to 1850. Manchester was now made up of mostly densely populated urban areas. As a result, the Industrial Revolution brought many huge social problems as well as economic benefits. The rapid growth and industrialization of Manchester caused many social problems. One of the many social problems was the concern of health and well being. The Lancet, a British medical journal by Thomas Wakley, compared the average age at deaths of rural districts to industrial districts. Doc. 8 showed that people in Manchester were living half as long as those in rural districts such as Ruthland and Bath. It is possible to question these statistics because they are being complied by a medical reformer who may have padded his to persuade more people to his cause. Edwin Chadwick, a public health reformer, in his Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Laboring Population of Great Britain, gives credence to the unhealthy conditions in Manchester. Chadwick implies that the annual loss of life from unhealthy conditions is greater than the deaths caused by modern
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution "The industrial revolution is precisely the expansion of undeveloped forces, the sudden growth and blossoming of seeds which had for years lain hidden or asleep." Paul Mantoux's quote regarding the industrial revolution is used to describe the range of different phenomena that constituted this watershed moment in British, European and world history. This is because the industrial revolution cannot be pigeon-holed. It was not a government policy and none of what occurred politically, socially, culturally or economically in Britain between 1780 and 1914 came from design but rather was the result of a historical accident of a sequence of key factors all occurring during the same timeframe. The period represented a transition from early modern history to modernity, with many of the social and economic ills that arrest much of the contemporary world today first acted out in the newly industrialised areas of the UK in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The industrial revolution affected the entire structure of British society, from the monarchy to the previously numerically dominant peasant classes, from agricultural workers to merchants. There is no doubt that a momentous shift had taken place: the far-reaching legacy of the changes that occurred during the period 1780 and 1914 culminated in the Great War where the casualty figures soared into the
How did the effects of the Industrial Revolution influence the ordinary lives of working people between 1750 and 1850?
How did the effects of the Industrial Revolution influence the ordinary lives of working people between 1750 and 1850? The typical view of social life within Industrial England between 1750 and 1850 is greatly demonstrated within Dickens's famous novel 'Hard Times' written to portray the urban struggles and changes taking place within society at that time (J. Stevenson, 1984). Infact most literature of the time agreed with the 'Condition of England' (1840's) statement that England had indeed witnessed great changes within the past 100 years or so. One thing is certain however and that is that a social revolution had not exactly taken place, rather more of a gradual transformation and turn from past ideals and social environments. Most historians now accept that the eighteenth century witnessed only the beginnings of processes, which were to take much of the next century to spread to the economy and society at large (Rule, 1986; Porter, 1982 et al). I will be examining the various effects that the Industrial Revolution had on the working class people within the years 1750 to 1850. This is so, because when changes and transformations of the social and work conditions take place, it is largely the working class people who experience this change at the greatest level. In general, what was taking place was the transformation of a rural, more secure working environment into an
The Industrial Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution In this assignment I will be explaining why, by the 19th century, Britain was known as the 'workshop of the world'. This was clearly defined by the Great Exhibition of the Work of Industry opened in May 1851, held in the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London. This exhibition put on show to the world Britain's wealth and inventiveness, displaying consumer goods and machinery from its great manufacturing cities. It showed that she was a forerunner of industry and going through, what we now call, the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was revolutionary not in its speed, but in its consequences. The century between 1750 and 1850 brought about the age of machines, in factories mass production and the assembly line, industrial towns and the industrial working class. Even though the greatest changes took place between 1750 and 1850 these dates cannot be used to tie down the beginning and the end of the industrial revolution, it was a slow process that took centuries not decades. Why it happened in Britain is still debateable, but the country had ample resources of coal and iron, navigable rivers and canals, an increasing population as well as a growing empire overseas, which provided a captive market for British made products. Each of these reasons reacted with each other to encourage growth and make Britain a world leader in
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution occurred between the period of 1750 and 1830. The Industrial Revolution was a period of great change. new industries developed rapidly as a result of a number of new inventions and the way in which things were produced, and the way in which people lived and worked, changed rapidly as a result of these developments The Industrial Revolution contained other periods of importance such as the Agriculture Revolution , which was also known as the Agrarian Revolution. Between this period many things changed. The changes included the living conditions of the people, ways of transport, crop rotation, working conditions and times, who got the right to vote and much more. Many inventions were also made in this time. This essay will explain whether or not the Industrial Revolution was an Age of Progress or not and show arguments for both sides. The Industrial Revolution was not an age of progress in the following ways- Living conditions in the towns grew a lot worse. The homes were cramped together very closely and disease and sickness spread around the homes easily. The streets and houses were also very dirty and unclean. The people who lived in the towns were very uncomfortable in the over-cramped houses most household was home to more than 3 people. In 1832 James Phillips Kay, an Edinburgh doctor, published a detailed report on
