women mid 1915
Why did the number of women employed in Britain begin to rise significantly from mid-1915? The number of women employed in Britain began to rise significantly in mid-1915 as the First World War was just getting underway. Also, many were needed to support the men fighting on the western front, to work in the munitions factories and also provide food and clothes for the soldiers. One factor in changing women's job opportunities was the campaigns of the Pankhursts'. Christabel Pankhurst organised a 'Right to serve March' in July 1915 in which 60,000 women took part. Due to this and the men fighting on the Western Front there was a lack of workers; leaving the women to fill the jobs left by the men. At first the Trade unions opposed the move. They were very against women working in their factories even though there was a shortage of shells on the western front. Because of this there became a signed document between the government and Trade Unions, who represented their male workers called The Treasury Agreement. This stated that as soon as the war was over the women would have to give their jobs back to the men. This satisfied the Trade Unions that it was okay to allow women to take over the vacancies men going to war had left. 'The women's war register' was a document signed by women aged between 16 - 65 able to provide weapons and necessary resources to the men fighting on
Individual Poem- 1915, Roger McDonald
Poetry Assessment Task NATHAN REICHELT 12B Individual Poem- 1915, Roger McDonald 915 is a poem written in free form structure which details the conditions, emotions and deaths of Australian soldiers fighting in the trenches, presumably at Gallipoli in World War 1. As opposed to writing in a structure that rhymes, which traditionally provides a joyful flow to a humorous or exciting situation, McDonald has chosen to present this text in the less constrained free form format. This allows him to express the emotion and hardship within the scene he is describing. Using this structure McDonald is able to easily communicate the bleak and somewhat depressive themes of the poem. The key themes McDonald focuses on are death, longing for family back home, the apprehension of being on death’s door and the overall misery that life in the trenches brought to all who served in them. Death is an obvious theme in 1915 as the entire scene is set for an all-out charge ‘over the top’ to attack the enemy. McDonald illustrates a graphic moment where soldiers are cut down by machine gun fire, “Hard like ice it cracks their shins – They feel a drill and mallet climb their bones, Then cold, then warmth as blood spills from pockets, chests and mouths”. McDonald also uses the machine gun fire as a “metal voice” saying to the soldiers as it cuts them down, “Boys relax, as one
Russia 1915-1941.
RUSSIA 1915-1941 THE RUSSIA SACRIFICE 1915-6 - In the spring and summer of 1915 German an Austrian armies crushed the Russian division stretched out along the Eastern Front. Unable to hold 800 miles of trenches, the Russians began to retreat, but were still far from beaten. In June 1916 General Brusilov mounted a series of counter offensives, he smashed into the Austrians. He lost about 1 million of his own men in this attack; another million deserted the front line. The soldiers who remained had serious doubts about the Tsar, who was their Supreme Commander since June 1915. - Bread shortages for soldiers and civilians, due to poor harvest in 1916. - Much of the difficulty of supply was due to Russia's creaking railway system, it couldn't cope with the demands of modern warfare. Russia was isolated from her allies, and the problem of moving vast quantities of food and raw material from the south and southeast to the west and to the northern industrial cities proved to be too great a task for the railway system. Hundreds of miles of new track were built and the Trans-Siberian Railway was double-tracked. - Due to warfare, goods were in short supply and prices rose. THE OVERTHROW OF TSARISM 1917 (MARCH REVOLUTION) - causes: discontent among all classes of Russian society, weak leadership, Russian defeat in Russo-Japanese war, Bloody Sunday in 1905, the loses in world
Who Was Responsible for The Tragedy at Gallipoli in 1915?
Who Was Responsible for The Tragedy at Gallipoli in 1915? A) Plan of the Investigation (2 marks) On the 25th April 1915, the British landed troops at Helles and Anzac on the Gallipoli peninsular. This began a ten-month campaign in which more then 100,000 allied and Turkish troops were killed, and a quarter of a million wounded. In hindsight, people are searching for a scapegoat on which this tragic loss of life can be placed. (This is important, as this blame is a huge burden to place upon one specific person.) Several people are seen as responsible, (e.g. Churchill, General Sir Ian Hamilton). In this investigation, I hope to discover who really was the force behind this dramatic battle in which a generation of men were totally obliterated. To do this, I shall be looking at the particular events during this campaign that went wrong, such as the landings, and all in all, bad leadership. My sources will include the film "Gallipoli"1 and various books. B) Summary of Evidence (5 marks) By the spring of 1915, the Western Front was completely gridlocked. Neither side could find any means of surprise attack, which ultimately resulted in costly and unproductive direct attacks on well-armed defences. Allied leaders, such as Winston Churchill and Lord Kitchener, searched their maps, in an attempt to find a way around "the impasse". Collectively, they decided an attack in the
Why did the Gallipoli campaign of 1915 fail?
Why did the Gallipoli campaign of 1915 fail? The Gallipoli campaign of 1915 initially appeared to be an extremely attractive scheme. Due to the current stalemate on the Western Front, there was fast becoming a need for an alternate strategy to break the immovable deadlock. As Turkey was an ally of Germany, an easy victory against them would knock them out of the war, damage German morale and safeguard the Suez Canal from attack. Other nations (Greece and Romania etc) who were considering joining the war would also be influenced to join on the side of the allies and a Turkish defeat would open up trade routes through the Dardanelles. Although the campaign failed, Lord Birdwood seemed to see successes from it. In Khaki and Gown, he wrote: "even though we failed, we had destroyed the flower of the Turkish army and prepared the way for Allenby's glorious victory." He adds: "The campaign had far reaching effects in strengthening and emphasizing the essential unity and homogenesis of the British Commonwealth," which show how the campaign wasn't a complete failure and that it was a stepping stone to future victory. Even to this day, there has always been a fascination with failure, as the rewards were so great and it always seemed to be tantalizingly close to victory only to be hit by another frustrating set-back. There were some positives however to come out of the scheme
The role of the British Army on the Western front 1915-18.
The role of the British Army on the Western front 1915-18 The role of the British Army on the western front between 1915 and 1918 was very different to that of 1914 and 1915. This was mainly because in 1914/15 the Germans had very different tactical offensives than what they had later. In 1914 and 1915 the German forces were concentrating on the Schlieffen plan (on the western front), but in 1915 the Schlieffen plan had failed because of the Belgian, French and most importantly British Resistance. Therefore, this war of rapid movement had finished with the end of the Schlieffen plan. By the end of 1914 the rival armies had reached a stalemate, and had both suffered colossal losses. Both sides were tired, after all the fighting that had gone on. As a result of this, they fortified their positions. These fortified positions soon became trenches, and so from then on the First World War was mostly trench warfare. Both sides tried to break through the enemy's trench line, but this was extremely difficult as the defenders were nearly always in a better position. From 1915 until the end of the war, Britain adopted the tactics of 'Big Pushes'. There were four main stages of a 'Big Push'. . The side that would be launching the attack would start assembling a concentration of troops at one point in the trench line. 2. Artillery would also be assembled in one point,
The role of the British Army on the Western Front 1914 - 1915.
The role of the British Army on the Western Front 1914 - 1915 The B.E.F. (British Expeditionary Force) played an extremely important role on the Western Front during 1914 and 1915. The German plan of attack was the Schlieffen plan, which was an attempt to fight and win the war against France (by occupying Paris) swiftly. This was the essence of the Schlieffen plan - it had to be a swift movement through Belgium and into the West of Paris. The Germans achieved this in the First part of the Schlieffen plan, by mobilising rapidly out of Germany and through Belgium. They were, although held up in Liege for twelve days by the Belgians, and had difficulties with the railways in Belgium, but they managed to sweep through Belgium quickly. The hold up in Liege meant that the B.E.F. could mobilise quickly onto the French Border with Belgium. The B.E.F. were a long serving army - but were heavily outnumbered by the German Forces. The B.E.F. consisted of four divisions of about 100,000 men, and were commanded by Sir John French (who ironically could not speak a word of French!). The Kaiser regarded the B.E.F. as a 'comptemtible little army', and ordered his troops to attack the B.E.F. as soon as possible so that they could continue with the Schlieffen Plan. There were three main battles in 1914. These were; The battle of Mons, the Battle of Marne, and the Battle of Ypres.
20th December 1914 - 17th March 1915 - First Battle of Champagne.
20th December 1914 - 17th March 1915 - First Battle of Champagne. The consolidation of the trench barrier on the Western Front after the First Battle of Ypres (October - November 1914) did nothing to deter Joffre from seeking an early victory against the Germans and expelling them from French soil. The renewed Allied action in December 1914 was based on a strategy that was to guide French action for the rest of the war: Artois and Champagne, the two sides of the German salient in France, which had its apex west of St. Quentin, would be the primary targets. Once the Germans began to weaken, a third offensive would be launched from Verdun, to cut the enemy's lines of communication south of the Ardennes. Joffre's general winter offensive began in Artois, where it made little progress, and extended along the whole line from Nieuport to Verdun. The main effort was concentrated in Champagne, beginning on 20 December and continuing into the new year; it was eventually suspended in the face of strong German counterattacks, but renewed again a month later, in March. The French Fourth Army made a few gains on the slopes of the hills of Eastern Champagne, but the smaller German Third Army demonstrated the advantages bestowed by the machine-gun and the trench on the defence. Although the fierce and bloody fighting was finally halted on 17 March with the French (like the Germans) having
Why did the number of women employed in Britain rise significantly from mid 1915?
Why did the number of women employed in Britain rise significantly from mid 1915? Why did the number of women employed in Britain rise significantly in mid 1915? . Well there are a lot of reasons for this is that in 1915 and before women were seen as inferior. Men thought that women were useless as they were the weaker sex and they couldn't do jobs as god as men and when the war began men had to go and join the army so there was a shortage of staff in work places. At first people thought that the war was going to be short and factories etc didn't think to get backup for the vacant jobs left by workers who joined the army and thought that there was no reason to change anything. As the war got bigger more and more men had to volunteer to join the army men were as young as 18. As more men left more jobs were left vacant this was a problem as there wasn't people in factories making weapons etc. and there was a shortage of food so people were needed to do those jobs. There weren't many people to turn to. By mid 1915 the war was getting bigger and it wasn't going to be finished by December as people thought and the government was running out of bullets, armour, shells etc. so they decided to employ women as they had no other choice because they didn't have enough equipment as that thought the war was going to be shorter. In May 1915 there was the shell crisis which was when the
In 1915 a British newspaper printed a letter from a
HISTORY COURSEWORK In 1915 a British newspaper printed a letter from a "Lady Reader" who claimed: "The women of Britain will tolerate no such cry as Peace". Do you think that the young men of Britain would have agreed with the Lady Reader during the Great War, 1914-1918? In August 1914, Lord Kitchener, Secretary of State for War, saw that the conflict would be long and hard fought, and proposed a revolutionary plan for new armies of millions of volunteers, as Britain previously only relied on a small professional force. His own grim face, over the slogan "Your Kind and Country Need You'', appeared in the first poster appeal for recruits. Until conscription was introduced in 1916, young men were subjected to relentless social pressures, both official and unofficial, to join the army. In 1915 a British newspaper printed a letter from a "Lady Reader" who claimed "the women of Britain will tolerate no such cry as Peace." This negative statement emphasizes that they would not be satisfied with peace and wanted the war to continue. In the early years of the war, this would not have been met with resistance among the young men of Britain. Pre-war propaganda and advertising led to the great excitement and hype among Britain's young men ready to enlist. All young men wanted to be involved in the war movement, believing it was their duty - as many of the propaganda posters had
