Pearl Harbor: 1941.
Pearl Harbor: 1941 In 1941 the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, which was one of the main Naval bases for the Americans. At the time of the attack the American Pacific Fleet was anchored in the harbor, not expecting to be attacked and unprepared to defend itself. A lot of losses resulted in this attack. The Main Reasons Why. Japan had very few raw materials of its own and in the years leading up to the attack had invaded several countries in Asia to gain territory and power. America was worried about this because Japan was a threat to them. Japan had been at war with China for a long time and the Americans were supporting the Chinese. This made Japan hostile towards the Americans. The Americans imposed trade sanctions and made impossible demands, this restricted the amount raw materials going in to Japan, which aggravated the Japanese even more. The Japanese may have thought that war was inevitable and that striking first when America was unprepared would give them an important advantage. Japan had appointed a war like general as prime minister, he was more likely to attack than other prime ministers. The Attack At 7:53 am on Sunday the 7th December 1941 the first assault wave of 183 planes began to attack airfields and battleships. The second wave of 167 planes attacked 12minuites later and targeted ships and shipyard facilities. Eight battle ships were
The Soviet-German War 1941 - 1945.
The Soviet-German War 1941 - 1945 By Richard Overy The enormous scale of this particularly ferocious war is hard to comprehend. It started with Russia totally disadvantaged, but the turn-around was awesome, as Stalin's war machine revved into action. Richard Overy explains how the Soviets turned disaster into a victory that led to the formation of a Communist superpower. Roots of war On 22 June 1941, some three million soldiers of Germany and her allies began an attack on the Soviet Union. This war was supposed to be over in a matter of months, but it lasted for four years, and grew into the largest and most costly conflict in all history. 'The roots of the war lie in the appointment of Adolf Hitler as German chancellor in 1933.' It was here, in the vast struggle between the two dictatorships, that the German army was defeated and the outcome of World War Two was decided in favour of the Allied powers - the British Empire, the United States and the USSR. The cost to the Soviet Union was an estimated 27 million dead. The roots of the war lie in the appointment of Adolf Hitler as German chancellor in 1933. His hatred of Soviet Communism and his crude ideas of economic imperialism, expressed in the pursuit of Lebensraum ('living-space'), made the Soviet Union a natural area for Hitler's warlike ambitions. After the outbreak of war in 1939 came the added fear of Soviet
Russia 1915-1941.
RUSSIA 1915-1941 THE RUSSIA SACRIFICE 1915-6 - In the spring and summer of 1915 German an Austrian armies crushed the Russian division stretched out along the Eastern Front. Unable to hold 800 miles of trenches, the Russians began to retreat, but were still far from beaten. In June 1916 General Brusilov mounted a series of counter offensives, he smashed into the Austrians. He lost about 1 million of his own men in this attack; another million deserted the front line. The soldiers who remained had serious doubts about the Tsar, who was their Supreme Commander since June 1915. - Bread shortages for soldiers and civilians, due to poor harvest in 1916. - Much of the difficulty of supply was due to Russia's creaking railway system, it couldn't cope with the demands of modern warfare. Russia was isolated from her allies, and the problem of moving vast quantities of food and raw material from the south and southeast to the west and to the northern industrial cities proved to be too great a task for the railway system. Hundreds of miles of new track were built and the Trans-Siberian Railway was double-tracked. - Due to warfare, goods were in short supply and prices rose. THE OVERTHROW OF TSARISM 1917 (MARCH REVOLUTION) - causes: discontent among all classes of Russian society, weak leadership, Russian defeat in Russo-Japanese war, Bloody Sunday in 1905, the loses in world
A Divided Union? The USA, 1941-80
A5 - A Divided Union? The USA, 1941-80 Timeline The USA and the Second World War After the First World War the USA had returned to Isolationism. The USA did not want to be dragged into another war that involved European disputer. But when war broke out in Europe in 1939, President Roosevelt wanted to help Britain and prepare the USA for war against Germany. Roosevelt also realised that the problems caused by Japan and Germany's aggressive foreign policies could affect the USA, so in 1939, he asked Congress for US$1.3 billion to strengthen the USA defences. How did Roosevelt prepare the USA for war and try to help Britain? In 1939 he asked Congress for $1,300,000,000 to build up the armed forces. In 1940 he signed the destroyers for bases deal with Britain. In 1941 he signed the Lend Lease Act with Britain. This allowed the US government to supply equipment to Britain, which could be returned or paid for at the end of the war. On 7 December Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbour. Congress voted for war against Japan on 8 December and against Germany and Italy on 11 December. The impact of the War on American Society The war severely disrupted the lives of the American people. By 1945, almost 16 million had served in the armed forces. Some of these people had never previously been outside their hometowns. For those not recruited there were other opportunities in
Why was Germany unable to defeat Britain by 1941?
0Jamie Davies Coursework Why was Germany unable to defeat Britain by 1941? In this essay I am going to research why Germany was unable to defeat Britain. To enable me to do this I am going to investigate all the key events that happened e.g. the evacuation of Dunkirk. Germany was unable to defeat Britain by 1941 because Germany kept changing their tactics and Britain was taking full advantage of this. The first key event that Britain took full advantage of was the evacuation of Dunkirk in 1940; also know as the "miracle." The advancing German army trapped the British and French armies on the beaches of Dunkirk. 330,000 men were trapped and they were a sitting target, for the Germans. From may 24th 1940 to 4th June 1940 hundreds of small boats helped ferry over 330,000 allied forces from the beaches of Dunkirk, to the larger ships offshore. The larger ships could not get near the beaches of Dunkirk as the beach of Dunkirk was on a shallow slope and the larger boats were an easy target for the Germans. Despite the attacks from German fighter and bomber planes Hitler never launched a full-scale attack on the beaches of Dunkirk. This was Hitler's first fatal mistake of the war, because over 333,000 soldiers were evacuated from the beaches of Dunkirk. The evacuation of Dunkirk was a success because Hitler ordered his tanks to stop outside Dunkirk so the bulk of the
Russia 1905 - 1941
GCSE History Coursework Russia 1905 - 1941 . Compare the characters and beliefs of Lenin and Stalin. There were many similarities in both character and beliefs of both Lenin and Stalin. Some people may think that, just because they led Russia, they were both Russian. Lenin was a middle-class Russian who was well educated; he also wrote many influential books and thesis. However, Stalin was a vulgar, Georgian peasant. He was expelled from his college in 1899 after failing to take his exams. One thing that these men shared was their concern with the ideas of Karl Marx. In the early 1900's they were both exiled to Siberia until 1917, after the March revolution. These men are closely linked in the area of what they did, but in most cases they used it on different scales for different purposes. Labour camps were used by both of these powerful leaders, but for different reasons and there is also a huge difference on the scale on some of them. Lenin used labour camps for political prisoners. This was on a reasonably small scale in comparison with Stalin. Unlike Lenin, Stalin used his labour camps excessively. Opponents of the regime, political opposition and basically everyone who didn't agree with or abide by the laws set by Stalin were put in these camps. Both men used state terror. Again Lenin used it to ensure the revolution survived, where as Stalin used it for everyone who
Did the position of black Americans improve 1919-1941?
Did the position of black Americans improve 1919-1941? By Shadi Paterson It is debatable whether the position of black Americans improved during the years in question. There were some improvements such as black Americans were given the vote and could get an education, but racism still continued and ghettos were still in place to segregate black and white Americans. There were many improvements for black Americans such as the "great migration". The movement from the southern states of America to the north. This was done to escape racism that existed in the south and take advantage of the greater opportunities such as better jobs. Many black Americans were able to raise a family and earn a wage that was just about decent. An education was available to the black Americans and many became intelligent members of society, such as dentists, doctors and teachers. Oscar Depient became the first black member of congress in 51 years. All of these things boosted the reputation of the black Americans. This was down to the universities set up for black Americans. The life expectancy of black Americans improved by 8.1 years and living conditions improved when the electrification of the south states took place. In Harlem black musicians such as Ellington and Ella Fitzgerald showed that black people had original talent and in the 1920s jazz music was the most popular from of music, people
Russia 1905-1941
Russia 1905-1941 Introduction to Russia At the beginning of the century Russia was difficult to rule for many reasons. .) Poor Communications - Russia was too big to effectively send messages across yet, you couldn't send messages by road either as most roads hadn't been paved making it difficult to pass across. Many rivers were impassable and the Trans Siberian Railway took over a week to go from Moscow to Vladivostok 2.) Diverse languages - many Russians spoke French or other languages rather than Russian, as most were not Russian and didn't consider themselves to be, they considered themselves to be Georgians or Kazaks, not Russian. People also resented what was called Russification, this was the process of making people speak Russian, wear Russian clothes and obey the Russian Tzar. 3.) Sparse Population - Much of Russia was uninhabitable due to the Tundra in the North, most of Northern Russia is within the Arctic circle and so becomes desolate. 4.) Illiteracy - much of Russia was illiterate and those who could speak and write Russian preferred French anyway. 5.) Size - Russia spanned over two continents when Moscow was eating breakfast, it was an evening meal in Vladivostok. The Peasants Conditions for the peasants were very poor, many peasants used to be serfs, they were owned by the lords and would work on the lords land, when it was changed most of the land
The USA 1941 - 80 : The Divided Union.
The USA 1941 - 80: The Divided Union Key information You need to be aware of the key issues in post-war American history, Including that there were times when American society appeared to be divided. These divisions sometimes resulted in violence eg race riots in 1965 or Little Rock 1957. You need to be aware of the impact the Second World War had on American society; how the fear of communism came about and how it ended up destroying lives and careers. You also need to understand how certain sections of American society, eg blacks, females and youth, felt excluded and often saw themselves as 'second-class' citizens. What methods these groups used to achieve equality. Key topic: What was the impact of the Second World war on the American economy and the American government? Hint: make sure you include some statistics and if possible the name of some American companies which benefited from war. The US Economy * It benefited from the war * The war cured the unemployment of the Depression which had lingered since 1935. * Overall 17million new full-time and part-time jobs were created in war work. * Overall wages for American workers increased by 29% though women were paid less. * The actual number of jobs in the US economy increased by 50% compared with 1940. * By the start of 1943,Americas industrial production was greater than that of Germany, Japan and Italy
How far had the New Deal been successful by 1941
How far had the New Deal been successful by 1941? During 1929 many people invested in the stock market, this led to the stock becoming less and less valuable, this eventually led to the Wall Street Crash. The current Republican President, Herbert Clark Hoover was not seen to be doing enough so he was succeeded By President Franklin Delano Roosevelt' (FDR) , who would end the depression with his 'New Deal'. Roosevelt holds the unique distinction of being elected four times by the people of America. Roosevelt's place in American history has been fixed due to the New Deal but also because he rose to the highest position in America despite having a crippling cardiovascular illness. In his first 100 days he passed masses of laws to get the U.S out of the depression. The 3 aims of the New Deal were Relief, Recovery and Reform. In my opinion the New Deal could have been far more successful if Roosevelt had chose to continue his level of investment, maybe if he even increased it. Roosevelt stopped 'priming the pump' and this led to the 'Roosevelt Recession'. I believe that by 1941 The New Deal could have succeeded in completely reviving the U.S economy, and it would not have taking the Second World War to end the depression, had it not been for FDR stopping his spending. The alphabet agencies could have done better than give people useless jobs. Roosevelt
