Explain key characteristics and concepts of Humanistic Therapy, Psychodynamic therapy & Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy
Lisa Chinnery Unit 2 1.1 Explain key characteristics and concepts of Humanistic Therapy, Psychodynamic therapy & Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy Humanistic Therapy The foundations of the humanistic approach provide the client with a deeper understanding of who they are, what they feel and the opportunity to explore the possibility of creating personal choices. It encourages self-awareness and self-realisation. Humanistic therapy is used for anxiety, low self-esteem, bereavement, depression, stress management, loss or relationship issues. The key characteristics are; Congruence – Genuineness, the counsellor shows honesty and openness toward the client, not putting on a front, they are equals. Empathy – Accepting the client for who they are, not judging them them whatever they say or do will allow the client to open up. Unconditional Positive Regard – Putting ourselves in the clients shoes, if the client feels, we are right there with them and know how they are feeling it will help them along the way, knowing that they are not alone with how they are feeling and where they are in their mind. Environment – A safe environment is needed for the client to open up and carry on along their journey, they should be seen in a secure, private, comfortable space that allows them the freedom to open up without the worry of outside influences. Also, that their sessions are
The Difference between Person Centred and Psychodynamic therapy. Wheeler and McLeod (1995) briefly compare the key principles of Person Centred and Psychodynamic approach and critically evaluate where the approaches part company with one another
Difference between Person Centred and Psychodynamic therapy 'Person-centred and psychodynamic counsellors have a lot to offer each others.....however when the differences between the approaches are examined there are significant areas of contradiction and incompatibility' Wheeler and McLeod (1995) briefly compare the key principles of Person Centred and Psychodynamic approach and critically evaluate where the approaches part company with one another Person centred and psychodynamic counsellors, both have one main aim -to help people develop in a positive way and to move forwards , however the methods they use to reach this goal varies .I will give a brief description of both of the key concepts and compare them ,then evaluate how these differences make the two approaches separate . The Psychodynamic Approach focuses on our mind soul and spirit and how our past can influence these aspects especially our childhood experiences and unresolved childhood conflicts can lead to anxiety and problems when older. Psychodynamic is very much about looking into our unconscious it also delves into how people deceive themselves as to our intentions desires and beliefs and how these deceptions can cause conflict between our expressed goals and our actions. Important aspects of Freudian theory has been the idea that these traumatic experiences are actively repressed and therefore clients
Psychodynamic Theories
Annie Hou IB psychology Psychodynamic Theories What is it to be human through the lens of psychodynamics? Most psychodynamic came in the idea from the development of a early life of childhood, which are in some part of the unconscious. Evolutionists have recognized that evolutionary psychoanalysis have a big gap between psychoanalytic theory and the extrospective biological and social sciences. As for their methods, they observed more closely in perspective's contributions and it become very important in psychodynamic theory to the study of psychology. For psychodynamic considerations there are four main topics. Reductionism, falsifiability, universality and retrospective accounts and fallible memories. As Reductionism is the idea to explain the behaviors of human reducing the way of explaning the psyche function of psychodynamic. It is often in literary psychobiographies, which explains the behavior of some famous person but it cant hurt anyone, except it might ruin the persons reputation on the subject. Fasifiability it's " theory that is impossible to disconfirm in principle is not a scientific theory, which you can't prove it." (Tavis & Wade, 2000) This made many of the psychologist theories being disconfirmed, so they only depends on the popularity of their proponents than on their content. Universality is what involved with everyone. An example, "if a gay man goes
Explanations of abnormality - Psychodynamic model
Explanations of abnormality - Psychodynamic model Sophie Wong EMA (Outline) The psychodynamic model attempts to explain abnormality through the sub-conscious state of mind and not though surroundings or genetics. It's a Freudian theory and believes that all problems arise from the psyche- the dynamics of the personality. He believed that any traumatic event you experienced as a child lead to your abnormal behaviour as an adult because there are unresolved emotional conflicts in early life, now repressed in the subconscious. The theory says that the psyche is made up of three parts. The Id, lying completely subconscious, is completely selfish. It has its own set of voracious instincts that have to be satisfied, regardless. The Superego, aware of what is right and wrong, it develops through socialisation and knows the exact expectations and moral standards set for them. And finally, the Ego - conscious and rational, the ego attempts to build a bridge between the demands of the Id and the superego. If the individual is well adjusted to life's pressures and demands, they will develop a strong ego and be able to cope. If not, abnormality arises, resulting in conduct disorders as a child and psychopathic disorders as an adult. When the Ego is managing to balance the two extremes, it employs defence mechanisms to help. These are used to distort or deny reality to help the
The Psychodynamic Perspective.
The Psychodynamic Perspective. One of the key beliefs of the psychodynamic approach is that our adult personality and behaviour are determined by our childhood experiences. Sigmund Freud chiefly initiated this approach. Although Freud continually revised many of his theories, three of them remained constant. These were; firstly, that a vast majority (about 6/7) of the mind is unconscious and contains our instincts, drives and repressed memories. The only ways to discover the contents of the unconscious mind are dream analysis, word association and hypnosis. Secondly, that the mind is made up of three parts, the ID, the EGO and the SUPEREGO. The ID works on the pleasure principle. It contains the psychic energy of all our drives, instincts and repressed memories; it requires immediate satisfaction without any regard for reality. It was referred to by Freud as, 'a cauldron of seething excitations' (cited in Hill 2001, pg 73). The EGO works on the reality principle. It aims to fulfil the ID's desires whilst keeping them in line with what is possible in the real world. The SUPEREGO pressures the EGO to keep the ID in line with moral ideology. It sets ideals and consists of the conscience, which makes us feel things such as pride and guilt. To enable the EGO to deal with the demands of the ID and SUPEREGO, it uses a number of defence mechanisms. Some of these are
Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic model of abnormality.
Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic model of abnormality. One of the most difficult tasks for those working within the field of psychology is to define abnormality. However, it is possible to try and define abnormality by using a range of models to help us, the psychodynamic model being one of them. It was Freud who developed the concept of the psychodynamic approach. The idea behind this was to use 'talking therapy' to bring past memories from the unconscious to the conscious. The unconscious is when you are doing or thinking something without being alert or aware that you are doing it. Along the idea of the unconscious Freud also developed the concept of the ID, the Ego and the Superego. The id is described as an impulsive, selfish side to our personality which is ruled by a pleasure principle, the superego is the moral part of our personality which recognises right from wrong; and our ego is the part of our mind which tries to rationalise and arbitrate both sides of our thoughts. Freud believed that there were two main causes of abnormality in general. One of these was childhood traumas and the idea that a bad memory from our childhood is so traumatic that it buries itself in our subconscious. This is what is believed to cause problems later on in our adult life. The second cause was the concept that our mind has not learned to rationalise our id and our superego, and
Psychodynamic model of the human mind.
Assignment 1 In this essay I have been asked to discuss and describe the psychodynamic model of the human mind. I will be researching the different sides of our mind and the theories behind them. I will be analysing how the mind develops and how they effect our emotions and behaviour. There are three sides to our mind; we have our ID, EGO side and our super EGO side. Id, ego, and super-ego are the three parts of the "psychic apparatus" Sigmund Freud introduced a theory that our minds exist in a state of "Dynamic Equilibrium" He discovered this in 1923. Sigmund Freud was born in 1865 in Moravia. Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defence mechanism of repression and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis for curing psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. He explains theses three stages quite clearly. The id is the only component of personality that is present from birth. This aspect of personality is entirely unconscious and includes of the instinctive and primitive behaviours. According to Freud, the id is the source of all psychic energy, making it the primary component of personality. As I said our ID is the unconscious part of us which includes the desire for food, sexual release and pleasure. The ego is the component of personality that is responsible for dealing with reality. According to
Describe and Discuss the psychodynamic explanation of behaviour
Describe and Discuss the psychodynamic explanation of behaviour(10marks) Sigmund Freud was the key pioneer of the psychodynamic perspective. The psychodynamic explanation of behaviour looks at the approach that all human behaviour can be explained in terms of inner conflict of the mind. The structure of the mind is the conscious and the unconscious. The unconscious is the part of our mental life we are unaware of while the conscious is the part we are aware of. A key assumption of the psychodynamic approach is that the unconscious mind determines behaviour although we are unaware of it. The conscious mind we are aware of and also determines behaviour. Another key assumption is that our personality is divided into id, ego and super ego. Id is the part of us that wants immediate gratification and pleasure- connected to sex instinct (unconscious level). It is the personality construct we are born with and operates on the pleasure principle. The id is kept in check with the ego (conscious) which determines the most satisfying outcome. The super ego is the part of us that is most like our conscious. The ego is the reality principle which balances the drives of the id. The id uses defence mechanisms, such as, denial, to cope with anxiety caused by conflict of id and super ego. Another key assumption is that we develop through five psychosexual stages through birth to
Outline and Evaluate the Biological, Psychodynamic and Cognitive Explanations of Abnormality
Outline and Evaluate the Biological, Psychodynamic and Cognitive Explanations of Abnormality The models of abnormality are theories that attempt to explain the cause of a psychological disturbance. Each model has a contrasting view which will mould further research and treatment approaches accordingly. All the models relate to the brain; however some psychologists believe that a disorder must originate from psychological causes, whilst others believe the disorder to be based on neuroanatomy and biochemicals (biological causes). Three of these main explanations are the biological, psychodynamic and cognitive approaches; each with its own treatment solutions, and strengths and limitations. The biological model is a theory most widely supported by medically trained psychiatrists. The belief is that a psychological disorder must stem from the biology of the brain; either the neuroanatomy (the anatomical organization of the nervous system) or the biochemistry (the chemical processes of the brain). In this way the disorder is treated like any other physical illness. For example, a patient presenting with severe chest pains and shortness of breath would be classified as having a cardiovascular problem, the underlying cause of the pains would be a blockage in the coronary artery preventing a sufficient oxygen supply to the heart, the treatment would be a coronary bypass, and the
Describe and Evaluate the Psychodynamic approach to Abnormality
Describe and evaluate the Psychodynamic model of abnormality Freud (1856 - 1939) and others developed the psychodynamic model in the later part of the 19th century through their clinical work with mentally disordered patients. They challenged the biomedical view that mental disorders had physical origins. The psychodynamic model views abnormal behaviour as caused by unconscious, underlying psychological forces. Freud believed that all behaviour, normal and abnormal, derived from unconscious forces that psychopathology arose from the dynamic working of the personality (psyche), rather than from physical cases. In other words, psychopathology is psychological in origin. According to Freud, the psyche consists of three interrelated structures, and the id and the superego are bound to conflict. Therefore the ego has a vital role to play if a healthy personality is to develop. Psychological disturbances in adulthood are assumed to be the result of unconscious, unresolved psychological conflicts and experiences that date back to childhood. The ego may be unable to balance the competing demands of the id and the superego. Freud maintained that these internal conflicts occur at an unconscious level, so that we are unaware of their influence. Although conflict between the superego and the id can occur at any time in our life, it is most marked in early childhood because the ego is
