The Industrial Revolution

'The Industrial Revolution' Braidot, Agostina Mores, Evangelina Instituto Superior de Profesorado n° 4 'Ángel Cárcano' E.D.I. - Social Studies III Ms Maggio July 1st, 2010 Introduction A series of revolutions may be well considered to be the precursors to the Industrial Revolution. Optimum conditions were provided by crucial advances and developments in agriculture, technology and transportation for England to become the first industrialised country. Enormous, far-reaching changes characterised this epoch, in which the city life, the social structure and the economy of a country were profoundly transformed and England would never be the same. Well was it named a Revolution. The Industrial Revolution Causes Certainly, the Industrial Revolution marked a before and after in the manufacture of goods in England. Aylett (1985) states that in the first decades of the eighteenth century, families would make goods in their own homes or cottages. This is why this production process was called domestic system or cottage industry. The most important one was the cloth industry. However, as both the cloth British export and the internal market were increasing at the same pace as the population, the domestic system began to prove insufficient to cater for the burgeoning demand. The negative aspect of the cottage industry was that it was time-consuming and ineffective.

  • Word count: 2328
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Historical and Philosophical studies
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The Industrial Revolution.

Brad Crane February 21, 2003 Western Civilization Dr. Kenyon IV. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution in Europe was actually sparked by the "agricultural revolution." Due to the introduction of new crops and changes in other agricultural practices, the agricultural business began to grow (Textbook pg 633). When landlords noticed this growth they began to make the most use of their land in order to make a bigger profit. One way in which they did this was to "enclose" the common lands. The enclosure movements occured when the landlords kicked farmers off of common land in order to raise sheep and cattle there (Textbook pg 633). When this took place, many farmers were left without jobs. Most of these farmers sought out work in the countryside as spinnters, knitters, and weavers (Textbook pg 634). This lead to the "putting-out system." The putting-out system took place when entrepreneurs "put out" raw materials that the individual workers, mostly farmers that were kicked off of the common lands, finished by weaving and spinning (Textbook pg 634). This in home labor helped many of the farmers out by giving them a second job to fall back on when the lands that they would normally be farming were out of season. Another reason that many people were getting into the business of cloth and other finished products was the rise in overseas trade. The rise in

  • Word count: 687
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Historical and Philosophical studies
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Six inventions of the Industrial Revolution.

Edward Phillips 29.09.2002. Six inventions of the Industrial Revolution The first industry to mechanise in Britain was the cotton industry. The breakthrough was an innovation for weaving. Weaving Machines Until the early 1800's, almost all weaving was done on hand looms because nobody could solve the problems of mechanical weaving. In 1733, John Kay, a Lancashire clock-maker, invented the 'Flying Shuttle'. Using this, weavers could work much faster, so they needed more spun thread; it took 8 spinners to supply one weaver. This machine made all the movements for weaving but it often went out of control, and a number of attempts were made to invent a better spinning machine to increase the amount of thread available. In 1764 James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny (see below). In the mid 1780's, an Anglican clergyman named Edmund Cartwright, developed a steam-powered loom. In 1803, John Horrocks, a Lancashire machine manufacturer, built an all-metal loom. Other British machine makers made further improvements to the steam-powered loom during the early 1800's. By 1835, Great Britain had more than 120,000 power looms. Most of them were used to weave cotton. After the mid-1800's, hand looms were used only to make fancy patterned cloth, which still could not be made on power looms. Spinning Machines For hundreds of years before the Industrial Revolution,

  • Word count: 919
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Historical and Philosophical studies
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What was the Industrial Revolution?

What was the Industrial Revolution? The Industrial Revolution was a huge change in British history. It is not known exactly when the Industrial Revolution started nor when it finished. There were many factors that influenced the changes which happened during this period of time. The industrialisation of Britain brought with it new kinds of roads, trains and other forms of communication systems which had never been seen in action before. Before the Industrial Revolution, it was very hard to keep in contact with people in other parts of the country. Most of the news was spread by travellers or through messengers and goods were distributed largely within the locality in which they were produced. During the Industrial Revolution however, many canals were formed. These helped with trade and transport mainly. During the Industrial Revolution, education became compulsory, there was an increase in population, improvements in health and a large-scale movement from country to town. There were four main riots that took place as a result of political changes. These were mainly protests against what was happening and these consisted of: The Spa Fields Riots (1816), The Derbyshire Rising (1817), The Peterloo Masacre (1819) and lastly The Cato Street Conspiracy (1820). Crompton - Biography Samuel Crompton was born in 1753 in Firwood, Bolton. The son of a small farmer, he lived

  • Word count: 920
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Historical and Philosophical studies
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Industrial and Agricultural Revolution.

Industrial and Agricultural Revolution Contents 1. Introduction 2. What is Revolution? 3. Agricultural Revolution 3.1.Why did it happen? 3.2. Who lost out? 3.3. Who gained? 4. Industrial Revolution 4.1. Why did it happen? 4.2. Who lost out? 4.3. Who gained? 5. Effects of Revolution in Northampton 6. Conclusion . Introduction The objective of this project is to define revolution in a political/social context and to explain in two sections the processes of the Industrial and Agricultural revolutions in England. I have take the opportunity to study the effects of the Industrial revolution in Northampton. This project is written in five main sections. The first will define "revolution". The second section will discuss the Agricultural revolution, providing statistics, and discussing the cause and effect of the Agricultural revolution in England. It will also explain what happened in the Agricultural revolution and what changed, explaining how farming methods changed. The third section will discuss the Industrial revolution and its cause and effects. It will show the effects of factory working on the social structure of English life. The fourth section provides an example of the industrial age in Northampton a town that had made shoes for hundreds of years and how the Industrial revolution effected its shoe making techniques. My conclusion, summarises the project and argues

  • Word count: 3068
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Historical and Philosophical studies
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The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution may be defined as the application of power-driven machinery to manufacturing. It had its beginning in remote times, and is still continuing in some places. In the eighteenth century all of western Europe began to industrialize rapidly, but in England the process was most highly accelerated. England's head start may be attributed to the emergence of a number of simultaneous factors. Britain had burned up her magnificent oak forests in its fireplaces, but large deposits of coal were still available for industrial fuel. There was an abundant labor supply to mine coal and iron, and to man the factories. From the old commercial empire there remained a fleet, and England still possessed colonies to furnish raw materials and act as captive markets for manufactured goods. Tobacco merchants of Glasgow and tea merchants of London and Bristol had capital to invest and the technical know-how derived from the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. Last, but not least important, the insularity of England saved industrial development from being interrupted by war. Soon all western Europe was more or less industrialized, and the coming of electricity and cheap steel after 1850 further speeded the process. I. The Agricultural Revolution The English countryside was transformed between 1760 and 1830 as the open-field system of cultivation gave way to

  • Word count: 2838
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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The Cause of the Industrial Revolution

ASSIGNMENT 1 The Cause of the Industrial Revolution In discussing the main developments of the Industrial Revolution, we must first look at the Agricultural Revolution and the effects of enclosure as writes Peter Mathias a secondary source, "to be given identity, the concept (the Industrial Revolution) implies the onset of a fundamental change in the structure of an economy; a fundamental redeployment of resources away from agriculture" (Peter Mathias (1969,p2) The First Industrial Nation). The agricultural revolution was the precursor to the industrial revolution and began around 1650, with parliamentary enclosure acts dominating the period 1750 - 1830. Enclosure changed agriculture from an open field system, whereby the villagers would each farm on a strip of land to provide for their own requirements to a system of private land management of enclosed fields and individual landowners took over control of the land. The community no longer had communal rights to the land and had to look to the large landowner for their living. Enclosing the land brought benefits to agricultural productivity from new crop rotation and heavy manuring, but for the peasant farmers they were displaced of their land and forced to find work elsewhere. Farming became less labour intensive and the large farms contributed to a rural labour surplus. The Agricultural Revolution created wealthy

  • Word count: 1540
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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Industrial revolution

What were the most important causes of the industrial revolution? The term 'Industrial Revolution' usually applies to the social and economic changes that mark the transition from a stable agricultural and commercial society to a modern industrial society relying on complex machinery rather than the everyday tools people used. It is used to refer primarily to the period in British history from the middle of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century. As time moves on and the years go by, mankind introduces new discoveries and inventions to our world. All of these inventions are designed to make our lives much easier so we can continue developing our lifestyle and everyday life. The Industrial revolution was a time of drastic change and transformation from hand tools, and hand made items to machine manufactured and mass produced goods. This change generally helped life, but also hindered it as well. Pollution, such as carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere rose, which made working conditions pretty tough, and the number of women and children working increased. The year was 1733, the demand for cotton cloth was high, but production was low. This crisis had to be solved or England's economy would be hindered. The answer came from a British weaver, John Kay, who invented and fashioned the flying shuttle, which cut weaving time in half. John Kay was a pioneer and his

  • Word count: 1439
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution "The industrial revolution is precisely the expansion of undeveloped forces, the sudden growth and blossoming of seeds which had for years lain hidden or asleep." Paul Mantoux's quote regarding the industrial revolution is used to describe the range of different phenomena that constituted this watershed moment in British, European and world history. This is because the industrial revolution cannot be pigeon-holed. It was not a government policy and none of what occurred politically, socially, culturally or economically in Britain between 1780 and 1914 came from design but rather was the result of a historical accident of a sequence of key factors all occurring during the same timeframe. The period represented a transition from early modern history to modernity, with many of the social and economic ills that arrest much of the contemporary world today first acted out in the newly industrialised areas of the UK in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The industrial revolution affected the entire structure of British society, from the monarchy to the previously numerically dominant peasant classes, from agricultural workers to merchants. There is no doubt that a momentous shift had taken place: the far-reaching legacy of the changes that occurred during the period 1780 and 1914 culminated in the Great War where the casualty figures soared into the

  • Word count: 2153
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
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What were the causes of the Industrial Revolution?

Alan Xiao 3R What were the causes of the Industrial Revolution? The Industrial revolution was a big change in the way people worked and goods produced. It began around 1775 in Britain and spread to Belgium, Germany, northern Italy, and France, and after 1850 to Japan and the USA. Machines in huge factories replaced the craft workers who used to make all kind of goods slowly, one by one, at home. People had to learn new jobs operating machines that could mass-produce very large quantities of clothes, shoes, paper, metal and wooden goods more quickly and cheaply than the hand workers could. So by 1900, most goods were made in factories. Compared with in 1750, most goods were made in small workshops or at home. This meant that the goods couldn't be mass produced and that they were made in small quantities. So that the idea was wide spread and no one would buy it. Also it couldn't be further developed if less people knew about it. The new industries made inventors and factory owners very rich indeed. The new industries also helped ordinary people as well, since many were poor, hungry and unemployed. Thousands left the countryside to live in fast, growing factory towns. Many hoped to find more pay and regular work. Wages in factories were far better than those on the farms, but factories were often dirty and dangerous and houses in factory towns were crowded, noisy and full of

  • Word count: 1245
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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