Migration Patterns
MIGRATION PATTERNS QingYing Sun 11MTL Contents . Introduction .................... 3 - Place & time - Hypotheses .................... 4 2. Methods .................... 5 - Migration Photo Exhibition 3. Results .................... 6+ 7 - Different countries - Maps - World .................... 8 - Detailed.................... 9 4. Conclusion .................... 11 - Proving or disproving Hypotheses 5. Evaluation ....................12 Bibliography ................. 13 Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION: This is an investigation based on Migration and I am aimed to find out the most common and important reasons and patterns of Migration, all over the world including different kinds of migration basing myself on the the Migration Photo Exhibition of Sebastiao Salgado in ICS during the month of November, and therefore, this investigation should only be based on that source of information. Before going to see the exhibition, I've set out four Hypotheses: - Most migrants travel only short distances and with increasing distance their number decrease. (distance decay) I think that this statement is true because the most common type of migration is commuting, and billions of people do this everyday. Tourism has developed into more local-based lately, too because short distance traveling is faster, cheaper and often safer. - Long distance migration
International Migration
International Migration International Migration is the movement of people between countries. It has decreased in importance in the 20th century. In the 19th century, large numbers of people moved voluntarily to different countries or even continents in the hope of colonizing new areas. EXAMPLE: White Europeans moving to south Africa to set up gold mines and sugar plantations. However there was also a great deal of forced migration especially amongs what would now be called 3rd World countries. Bristol had a major influence on forced migration in the 18th century until it got abolished. EXAMPLE: Slaves were captured on the west coast of Africa and then shipped to the carribean where many slave masters had plantations for which they would need slaves. Slaves where traded there for things like coffe and spices which would be taken back to cities like Bristol. Nowadays International migration is a lot less significant as migration is controlled to quite a far extent. In places such as Europe people are allowed to move freely between countries like France and England. This type of migration doesn't have a huge effect on the population as it doesn't occur in large volumes. However migration from problem areas is still a problem today with an increasing refugee crisis. EXAMPLE: Afghani's moving to Pakistani boarders to try to seek refuge from the on going war in there
In discussing the differences between the migration of the internal Chinese migration compared to the international migration of the Poles to UK, I will look at a variety of push and pull factors.
In discussing the differences between the migration of the internal Chinese migration compared to the international migration of the Poles to UK, I will look at a variety of push and pull factors. I will then go on to look at the impacts to both the area from which these immigrants left as well as the area that they went to. Firstly I will discuss the push and pull factors relating to the immigration seen internally in China. The migration is voluntary and from rural villages (where there is very little employment and a poor standard of living) to the constantly expanding big cities such as Shanghai. It is important to point at that this is nearly always a temporary migration as the migrants generally have the intent to return within a few months. The migration is of working aged adults who leave their children in the rural villages being looked after by the grandparents. The main reason for this migration is certainly an economic reason. There is nearly always work in cities such as Shanghai in areas such as building and working in factories. The jobs pay very badly and working conditions can be poor. The reason for leaving there children to work in this environment is in the aim of getting a better quality of life for them and their children. It is easily arguable that this is the main economic reason that not they themselves benefit from the migration but their children.
The extent, nature and cause of International Migration.
The extent, nature and cause of International Migration * There are different types of migration, they are voluntary and forced. * There are different types of migrants; they are economic, refugees and asylum seekers. Forced Migration is that which people feel they must leave if they are to survive and feel safe e.g. Iraq, Afghanistan. Voluntary migration is when people feel they would like to find a place with a better life, but it is not vital for them to leave for their life e.g. England to Spain for the sunny weather. The general reason for people leaving their country is because there are poor conditions, poor government power and no future there. War has also in recent years been a reason to leave. MODELS OF MIGRATION There are a few different patterns of Migration PUSH/ PULL MODEL OF MIGRATION LEES (1966) MODEL OF MIGRATION STEPWISE MIGRATION MODEL The Stepwise migration model is a behavioural model developed from EG Ravensteins Laws (1885). It shows that population movements occur in stages and with a 'wave like' motion. According to this idea, major settlements such as capital cities tend to attract migrants from smaller cities and towns. The same can be said about larger countries attracting migrants from smaller countries. In China this model reflects on what has happened with migration there. Several events in China have led to increasing numbers of
Theoretical Analysis of migration
This Theoretical Analysis is concerning a young Guyanese girl who migrated via the United States of America to the United Kingdom. I will endeavour to critically analyse the main issues of Diaspora within this Narrative. This will involve locating the function and influence of diasporas communities in contemporary British society, reflecting on the conditions of living between culture, examining the concepts of identity in diasporas theory, exploring the idea of 'homeland' and 'hostland', describing the relevant issues and events for inclusion in a narrative of migration and last recognise and apply diasporas theory to the account contained in the narrative of migration. I aim to address, by referring to relevant sources, the very complex nature of the West Indian migration in the 1950's and draw upon similarities identified and experienced in the Narrative. I also intend to illustrate the driving forces behind a migrational move to another country, in the case from the Caribbean to the UK, and the actual reality that was received upon arrival. Before even getting into the issues that were faced in the Narrative of Migration, I feel it is important to explain what a Diaspora identity is. In the cases of the narrative it would be a Caribbean Diaspora. Although I will try to define this word, on a more boarder terms it may seem not to cover all of the Caribbean Diasporas in
Contrast and compare the causes and effects of internal and international migration
Contrast and compare the causes and effects of internal and international migration Internal migration Internal migration is migration within a given country, such as the movement from rural areas to urban areas (mainly in MEDCs), the urbanisation. The causes for include all three types of causes, which are macro-level, meso-level and micro-level ones. Internal migration divides into voluntary internal migration, such as the moving to another working place (e.g. London to Manchester) and into the forced internal migration, such as migration forced by a natural disaster (e.g. in Japan, moving from Sendai to Tokyo because of the radioactivity). International migration International migration occurs when people cross the borders of countries to live and work in a different country. There are a lot of reasons why international migration occurs: On the one hand there is the voluntary migration, on the other hand the forced migration. The causes for voluntary international migration are split into three groups, the macro-level, the meso-level and the micro-level. The macro-level causes for voluntary international migration are for example socio-economic reasons. The meso-level causes for voluntary international migration are more detailed factors concerning the origin and the destination places. The meso-level causes also include individual choices of the migrants. The
Migration: Russia
Migration: Russia Since the liberalisation of Russia from the control of the Soviet Union there have been several new trends in the form of major migration streams. The first of these is the migration of some of the countries brightest and most skilled workers travelling to the west. The second is and influx of Russian speakers, ethnic Russians and other from the former Soviet Union. And the next is the depopulation of Siberia and the Far East. There are several reasons for these migration trends. A push factor affecting the migration into Russia is ethnic violence and regional conflict. This violence has a negative affect on a countries economics and has caused economic declines. There is always a risk of injury and loss in times of war, this push people towards migration. Armenians and Georgians moved in significant numbers due to violence during the post-Soviet period in their countries. Large numbers of people entered Russia as "forced migrants." This term refers to people who moved to Russia not out of choice but by necessity, and have been given citizenship, migrants without citizenship a labelled as refugees. At the end of 2000, there were 667,000 persons registered as refugees or forced migrants from the former Soviet Union states and 9,710 refugees from non-FSU states. Most forced migrants arrived from either Central Asia or the Caucasus, including about 600,000
International Migration
International Migration Around 70 million people migrate between countries each year. This type of migration is less common than internal migration such as rural to urban migration. There are two reasons why international migration is less common. Firstly the longer distance involved and political controls make it difficult for migrants to move freely between countries. The border between the USA and Mexico is more than an international frontier. It is a boundary where the rich are divided from the poor, Because of the economic contrast that exists on the other side of the border people are constantly attracted to the bright lights and big money that the USA holds. At least 1 million Mexicans try to cross the border every year most of them illegally although the USA has an elaborate security controls along the border, it is impossible to stop everyone. Those illegal immigrants who are caught are deported back to Mexico. Increasingly Mexican immigrants are unwelcome in the USA as they are seen to drain the nations social security and welfare system. In some places the scale of emigration is so high that population levels have fallen steeply. Santa Ines in NorthWest Mexico has lost two thirds of its population. But people leaving the village were not exactly poor. They left the country not out desperation but mainly to improve their quality of life. At one time only the men
Migration in MEDCs
Based on Migration Rhetoric article Q Explain why it is difficult for governments of MEDCs to maintain an acceptable level of migration into their countries (Consider Economic, Social, Political arguments in detail) Many of the governments of MEDCs (Most Economically Developed Countries) are concerned about migrants coming into the country since it has both good and bad affects to the countries. Economic Migration is most of the case for migrants trying to find jobs with better facilities and salaries. Migrants do help the economy of the countries by cheap labor. "More immigration is a good thing for the economy, plugging the gaps caused by skill shortages and offsetting some of the burden of an ageing population" states the article. It is not only the skills, numbers of people at economically active age group that are lacking within most of the MEDCs. It is impossible for those countries to increase the population in a flash of a second. Therefore, migrants are needed to fill in the gap. The article also states that the migration can help offset the impact of an ageing population by increasing the number of prime-aged workers even they are unskilled since it will lead to rise in the productivity in the countries which will be benefit for the economy. The graph in the article shows the impact of the migrants in United Kingdom. From 1981, numbers of migrants are increasing
Internal Migration 1.
Internal Migration . * Internal Migration - This is the migration that takes place within a country. This is the commonest type of migration. Many thousands of people move house every year, often in the same region and often in the same urban area. As the distances increases the amount of internal migrants decreases. * Rural to Urban Migration - This is the movement from the countryside into the towns. This mainly happens in both LEDC'S and MEDC'S. In LEDC'S people move into the city's for employment mainly and health care and education. In MEDC'S this happened as a good example in the industrial revolution, when towns were developing and business booming. Many people left the countryside to work in coalmines, steelworks and shipyards... * Counter-Urbanisation - This is the movement of people from the urban areas, 'The inner city to the rural-urban fringe'. People move to escape the air and noise pollution, crime poor housing and cramped space to go in search of better surroundings. An example of this is in 1951 Greater London has a population of 8.2 million. In 1991 the population of Greater London was 6.9 million. 2. From figure 5 we see that the South West of England on average has a population increase of 3.1-5%. This is for a verity of reasons. Mainly because in the South West the pull factors are: * Employment - the level of employment is good * Temperature -
