Does the demographic transition model still provide a 21st century framework for looking at demographical change in countries which are experiencing development? To what extent is the tool really useful or should we make it obsolete?
Does the DTM still provide a 21st century framework for looking at demographical change in countries which are experiencing development? To what extent is the tool really useful or should we make it obsolete? The demographic transition model is a means to calculate how countries will move from having high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. It should allow us to predict the stages a developing country will have to pass through before it is fully industrialised. These changes are dependant on an array of social and economic factors for instance improved education, changes to women's roles (e.g. emancipation), better diet and enhanced healthcare. The demographic transition model is the result of compiled data, such as, birth rate, death rate and population from industrialised countries (mainly Europe and America). The DTM consists of 5 sections; there were originally 4 stages but the 5th was recently added when countries that were already considered to be fully developed continued to develop and change, making it necessary to modify and update the model. In stage 1 birth and death rates fluctuate at a high level (about 35 per 1000) giving a small population growth. Stage 2 is characterised by high birth rates but rapidly falling death rate to about 20 per 1000 people giving a rapid population growth. In stage 3 birth rates fall rapidly, to about 16 per 1000
Describe the problems of living in a newly set up town in the West.
Describe the problems of living in a newly set up town in the West. There were many problems from living in newly set up towns in the American West. As these towns nearly 'sprang up' over night many problems were caused, as there was no time for the normal systems to be developed. Each type of town - the mining and cow towns had different problems. These problems were caused, partly, because of the speed, which these towns grew up. This caused disruption of systems, which had developed in the east. Systems needed to be speedily set up to prevent law and order problems. As did systems for water supply, sewage and sanitation. An example of disease spreading is when in Virginia City (Montana), 1864 during fall and early winter there was typhoid fever. Some people fell ill but there were no deaths. Shelter needed to be put into place of a reasonable standard because of the climate. Houses had to be put up quickly -they were mainly wooden. However building houses from wood caused problems of fire. In Virginia City (Nevada) November 1875 no rain had fallen for 6 months "loose horses from the stables were dashing madly to and fro seeking to escape, with hair burned from their backs." It was necessary to appoint town marshals to help keep the law and order. These town marshals often caused as many problems as they solved because they were often renowned gun-fighters.
The demographic transition model accounts for the rise and fall in population, the birth rate, death rate, population size and growth.
Population growth is ultimately decided by the amount of births and deaths, and the balance of the main inputs and outputs of population, inputs to the population being births and immigrants, outputs being the deaths and emigrants. The proportion to which is what really matters. The demographic transition model accounts for the rise and fall in population, the birth rate, death rate, population size and growth. Different cultures, society's and geographical places have different reasons for being either under or over populated. For example, the Philippines, a mainly catholic country, is very overpopulated, because of the religion of the vast majority of the country, they don't use contraception or family planning, and so families can end up having many more children than is the 'norm' for say England, where the average number of children per household is 2, whereas, in the Philippines the average number of children per house is 5, and so the population rises. However, in places like Canada, where the population is around 33,000,000 people, so why does Canada have a low population density? It's because Canada is such a large country, the whole population is distributed very sparsely and there are only 3.4 people in a km 2. Canada is in stage four of the DTM, this means that: * The birth rate is falling * The death rate is low * There is no population growth * And the
With reference to a named country, evaluate attempts to manage population change
With reference to a named country, evaluate attempts to manage population change (15 marks) Thailand is located in south-east Asia, It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Cambodia and to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia. Mechai Viravaidya was a key influence in the change of population policy in Thailand, he came into government in 1973; he recognised that the fertility rate at the present time was not sustainable. In 1974 he set up the PDA or Population Development Association. It is arguable that at this time that Thailand was an LEDC where as now it is more commonly referred to as a Newly Industrialised Country (NIC), the faster transition through the demographic transition model may be a result of the change in population control. It was Mechai Viravaidya's plan to promote the use of contraception (formerly seen as a taboo subject) and family planning in order to control population development. The threat of Aids and HIV also became apparent to Viravaidya and the government; this gave him fresh impetus for his scheme. There were many successes of the program; this was attributable to a number of factors. Mechai's creativity helped to gain support such as free drinks after a vasectomy. This coupled with the willingness and openness of the Thai people allowed new ideas to thrive. The government gave Mechai the resources and support he
Describe and explain how the improvement in transport over the last 50 years has increased the global interactions between countries.
Describe and explain how the improvement in transport over the last 50 years has increased the global interactions between countries (10 marks) Transportation is one of the main influences of the development of global interactions between countries. Over the years, transportation allows urban areas to expand, permit regional economic development and overcome the effect of distance -further developing universal communication. There are many forms of transport -road, rail, ocean, air and pipelines. In this essay, by comparing both ocean and air transportation and analysing the various advantages, we can see how the improvements in transport over the last 50 years has increased the global interactions between countries. First of all, although water transportation is considered to be quite expensive, however, it is fairly at a reasonable price as ocean shipping is able to bear more cargos than other forms of transport. The higher capacity enables more goods to be shipped at once which further improves trading activities, making it faster and more efficient. Besides that, free ports are available now in certain countries which attract more imports that can be manufactured into goods that are than exported without having to pay duties or tax. This allows more trading activities to take place without having to fuss over taxes and other additional payments. Moreover, more imports
'The trade deficit on goods in the first three months of the year was £7.1bn.' Explain the meaning of this statement.
Bernice Berschader 'The trade deficit on goods in the first three months of the year was £7.1bn.' (a) Explain the meaning of this statement. The above statements states that between January and March 1999 the UK lost £7.1 billion on trade, as a result of a trade deficit or current account deficit on the Balance of Payments. A Current Account deficit is where imports into a country exceed exports. This leads to a disequilibrium of injections and withdrawals. Withdrawals from the circular flow of income exceed injections into the circular flow of income. Though the current account consists of 4 elements, visible goods, invisible services, net income and investment income, the statement above discusses the deficit of an element of the current account, the visible goods element Even though a current account deficit results in the value of imported goods exceeds the value of exported goods, the demands for exports and imports will not be affected in the short run due to the Martial Lerner Conditions. Though eventually this will result in the foreign currency price of UK exports to decline, it will take some time for countries to react to these changes. In the short run the volume of exports will remain the same before it increases as a result of devaluation in the long run. This is illustrated by the J-Curve effect below. (b) Examine the possible causes of
A look at the Origin, Stigma/Discrimination and Government Involvement with AIDS in the United States of America and African Countries
AIDS Anyone can have it, Internationally feared, Deadliest Sickness A look at the Origin, Stigma/Discrimination and Government Involvement with AIDS in the United States of America and African Countries Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS, is now known as being one of the most deadliest and incurable viruses in the world. AIDS snuck into America in the beginning of the 1980's, then exploded in what seemed a matter of moments. America would soon learn that this was not just a health problem in the "immoral" cul-de-sacs of American but an international epidemic affecting all types of life. Today's youth see's a constant fight in curing and eliminating AIDS around the world; however, this has not always been the case. AIDS has been most publicized in the United States and African countries. This paper will compare the origin of AIDS, the stigma and discrimination of AIDS and the government involvement with AIDS in the United States and African countries. Individuals who first appeared with AIDS in America during the early 1980's were diagnosed with Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP), which is usually found in people with poor immune systems. 1 However these individuals who were sick did not have poor immune system, but the individuals were homosexuals. As more and more homosexual males appeared to have the disease, it became labeled as GRID (gay related immune
To What Extent is the Pattern of Population Distribution in Countries of the LEDW more linked to Physical Conditions than to Economic Conditions?
To What Extent is the Pattern of Population Distribution in Countries of the LEDW more linked to Physical Conditions than to Economic Conditions? On one hand the pattern of population distribution in the LEDW is linked to physical, rather than economic conditions. These two conditions, however go hand in hand sometimes. For example in Nicaragua, recently there were huge hurricanes that swept across the countryside destroying thousands of homes and causing huge debts for the country. The people of Nicaragua had to relocate as their homes were no longer there, plus they didn't have enough money to rebuild their lives properly. However the situation in Nicaragua was a climatic condition not a physical one. I will now look at two countries in the LEDW that have both physical and economical factors that link to the pattern of population distribution. In countries such as Brazil the rainforest is a huge physical feature that takes up almost two thirds of the country. So millions of people locate in and around Cities such as Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo. This causes the infamous shanty towns or Favelas to spring up all around the cities. The people who have relocated to the Favelas also moved there because they believed the city to be an area where there were many jobs and the pay was good. Unfortunately they were wrong, however this means they moved because of physical and
Referring to both pharmaceutical and tobacco companies, explain how transnational corporations can influence the health of people in countries at different stages of development.
Referring to both pharmaceutical and tobacco companies, explain how transnational corporations can influence the health of people in countries at different stages of development (15) Both pharmaceutical and tobacco companies can be transnational corporations and some wield enormous international power and influence covering over one hundred countries with billions of pounds worth of profit; in 2009, GlaxoSmithKline had a net income of approximately £6 billion! Some corporations have, for example, used their profits to help fight widespread diseases in less economically developed countries (LEDCs), such as GlaxoSmithKline's help in the fight against Lymphatic Filariasis in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Some have set up health programmes in more economically developed countries (MEDCs) to reduce common health problems in these areas, such as different types of cancer. However, some corporations only supply people with the means to deteriorate their health, such as some tobacco companies like British American Tobacco, especially in LEDCs, but both pharmaceutical & tobacco companies play an important role in the health of the world's people. A pharmaceutical company is a company, which develops, produces and markets drugs licenced for use as medications, so obviously these companies play a huge role in the health of people worldwide as they provide medication against diseases
The development of the international economy in the period 1945-2000 favoured rich countries at the expense of the poor. How far do you agree?
"The development of the international economy in the period 1945-2000 favoured rich countries at the expense of the poor". How far do you agree? The global economy faced several ups and downs after World War II from 1945 to 2000, due to transformations achieved through the development of the economy. More often than not, these changes were executed by the richer 1st world developed countries (DCs) like the USA, Western Europe (WE) and Japan. While some of their policies aimed to improve the international economy on a whole, there were others that were pro-West and discriminated against the less developed countries (LDCs), hence causing them to enter crisis or suffer losses in trade and industry. This essay seeks to evaluate the extent of the policy changes and other events which disfavoured the economies of the LDCs or only benefited the DCs, as compared to those aiming to eliminate preferential treatment or discrimination. International economic institutions such as the World Bank (WB), IMF, GATT and WTO played significant roles in regulating the global economy and implementing new rules that affected both the DCs and LDCs. To begin with, the Bretton-Woods institutions were inherently unresponsive to 3rd world interests upon establishment, as they felt the LDCs were insignificant in the global economy. The institutions were largely inclined towards accelerating the