Discuss the care pathway of an adult patient who has undergone a surgical /acute procedure. Critically examine one aspect of this pathway.

Care pathways aim to assist care delivery, by providing guidance, milestones and expected outcomes over a set time period (Herring, 1999). Throughout this assignment, the care pathway for women undergoing a full abdominal hysterectomy will be discussed. To do this the term hysterectomy will be defined, and some common conditions resulting in the procedure will be identified. As will recent trends relating to hysterectomies in the United Kingdom. Care pathways will then be discussed, in relation to the nurses' role at each stage. The short comings and advantages of using such frameworks will also be identified. In doing this legal and ethical considerations, along with the principals of holistic care in a surgical environment, to meet the needs patients from a diverse society will be addressed. Within this the focus will turn to post operative pain, and the tools used in its assessment. Some common tools used in the assessment of pain will be identified, compared and critically analysed. Hysterectomy refers to the surgical removal of the uterus; this may or may not involve the removal of the ovaries, fallopian tubes and cervix depending on the nature of the patients condition (Castledine & Close, 2006). This is a major operation and is usually carried out as an elective procedure. The procedure may be carried out abdominally, using a horizontal incision on the lower

  • Word count: 4091
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Subjects allied to Medicine
Access this essay

Explain how class has eased problems for both Frank and Rita

Educating Rita Explain how class has eased problems for both Frank and Rita I think that class has caused all Rita's problems while Frank's class has eased his problems. I think Rita feels as though she's in the wrong class because of the way she is starting to feel about life. She wants more then is expected of her by everyone else in the same class as she is. She has been born into the working class, if there's something she's worried about, she's not meant to try and solve it she should just go out and buy herself a new dress or record. But Rita's had enough of doing that she wants to be able to stop ignoring the problem and start solving it instead. Rita uses a lot of slang words and phrases as she speaks. She also tends to swear in every other sentence. She says that the reason for doing this is to shock people. " I do it to shock them sometimes. Y' know when I'm in the hairdresser's- that's where I work- I'll say somethin' like, 'Oh, I'm really fucked', y' know, dead loud. It doesn't half cause a fuss." "God, I've had enough of this. It's borin', that's what it is, bloody borin'. This Forster, honest to God he doesn't half get on my tits." I wrote earlier about the expectations of a woman her age, which is get married, have a baby, and get a job. Rita is a hairdresser, which is a job, not a career. Women are not expected to get a career, I'm not even sure that the

  • Word count: 1256
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: English
Access this essay

Why was there a French revolution?

WHY WAS THERE A FRENCH REVOLUTION The French Revolution happened in France around 1789 to1792 and resulted in the overthrow of the French monarchy and the Ancien Régime (this is the system of government). The monarchy in France had been established for many centuries, and the causes of the Revolution were deeply rooted, including the problems with the Ancien Régime, the growth of nationalism, the influence of philosophers, and the example of the American Revolution. In the short term, there were other factors that precipitated the French Revolution, and these included the people of Louis XVI (the reigning French monarch at the time), the Bankruptcy of the French Crown, and, in the very short term, the economic and agricultural problems of 1788 and 1789. Of all the long term causes of the French Revolution, the Ancien Régime was perhaps the most deeply rooted. The Ancien Régime was the old system of government, the old order of things, before the Revolution, and it divided French society up into three Estates the nobles, the clergy, and the common people (everyone else, which included both peasants and the middle classes). The first and second estates were privileged in that they paid no tax at all, and for this reason, the monarch did not have a problem with their support: they were, in effect, propping up the Ancien Régime. The first and second estates also owned

  • Word count: 1417
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Historical and Philosophical studies
Access this essay

What factors enabled the Daily Mail to be so immediately successful when it was launched in 1896?

What factors enabled the Daily Mail to be so immediately successful when it was launched in 1896? The Daily Mail became Britain's best selling paper as soon as it was launched in 1896. It not only marked the real beginning of British popular journalism, but also brought daily news to the breakfast tables of the mass British public rather than to the few elites in the society. The historical background, the climate of the British press and human conditions were the main factors that ensured the paper's success. This essay will look at these factors from different angles, together with the influences they had on the Mail's success. First of all, it is necessary to know some history about the British press industry. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the control of the press was highly restricted by the British monarchy. Even though the Bill of Rights in 1689 opened the way to freedom of speech in Parliament, it did not help much with the freedom of press, when compared with the American constitution a century later. Up until 1855, The Times enjoyed its unmatched position, the technology used were the steam-driven press, and the number of people who could read newspapers was quite limited. For example, when the population of the United Kingdom was 27 million in 1848, the circulation of The Times merely passed 30,000. This number is questionable because it did not take

  • Word count: 1801
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Media Studies
Access this essay

Alcestis. In Euripides play, Alcestis, the chorus serves as a way to observe and comment on progression of the characters, forward the action of the play, and evoke sympathy for the hero in the play. Euripides uses the chorus as the most important elem

The chorus has always played an important role in the Ancient Greek dramas. Usually ranging from 15 to 50 citizens, they have different purposes; most commonly, they provide information and insight for the audience to speculate over. In Euripides' play, Alcestis, the chorus serves as a way to observe and comment on progression of the characters, forward the action of the play, and evoke sympathy for the hero in the play. Euripides uses the chorus as the most important element in his play; without them the audience would not be able to fully appreciate the complexity of his characterization and the subtlety of his plot structure. The Chorus serves as way for the viewer to better understand the actions of the characters. Throughout the play the Chorus refers to past actions that lead them to believe Admetos is, "A noble man," (Euripides 49). Although they believe he is dignified, they often question his actions. For example, when Herakles comes to Ademtos' house he welcomes him in. The Chorus questions the gesture, "Your wife not dead an hour, and you can bear the thought of entertaining guests?" (Euripides 61). The Chorus, along with the viewer, does not understand how such a seemingly dedicated husband can stand the thought of having a visitor in his home when he is mourning. In this scene, the Chorus also questions Admetos for lying to his guest by not informing Herakles

  • Word count: 1087
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
Access this essay

Osmosis Project

Osmosis Project What is Osmosis? Osmosis is basically the movement of water molecules from a dilute system solution to a concentrated solution, through a partially permeable membrane. Water molecules are able to pass through the cell membrane because they diffuse whereas sugar molecules are larger and cannot diffuse as easily therefore not being able to pass through. Cell membranes are like visking tubes because they will let some substances through but not others. They are partially permeable membranes. Osmosis is a very important process which enables plants to support themselves by absorbing water and minerals through a partially permeable membrane. Plants are often surrounded by a film of water and a solution. Cell membranes often separate the two and Osmosis will occur. Hot water diffuses and enters at a faster rate because there is more energy whereas cold water enters at a slower rate because there is less energy. What do we have to do? To carry out the Osmosis project we have to measure the amount of water and solution that enters carrot tissue through the partially permeable membrane. We will change the strengths of the solution and then weigh the carrots to see if they are heavier and have absorbed more water and solution. We can change the strengths of the solution by adding water to the solution to weaken it meaning the more water the weaker the solution. We

  • Word count: 977
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

The sixth sense review

The sixth sense review 05 minutes Certificate 12 Director: M. Night Shyamalan Rating: Bruce Willis and Haley Joel Osment are just a few of the names in this clever and unsettling super natural thriller. M. Night Shyamalans' (signs, unbreakable and the village) latest masterpiece uses clever symbols and imagery to make the ultimate super natural thriller. We meet Cole in his home in modern day Philadelphia filled with a red brick past and dieing autumn leaves. Things from the beginning are clearly not right; Cole has no friends and suffers from panic attacks. The film makes several references to religion although more as something of safety than a faith. His mother is desperately worried and frustrated, you genuinely feel her and her son's love for one another but also the tension caused by lies. It is up to Dr Crow (Bruce Willis- in a predictable but still interesting character) to sort him out. Crow is haunted by memories of the past and a more recent encounter with a former patient that seems to have ended his marriage. Crow has to look deeper than his more usual cases and see what is really there. As the film goes on Dr Crow and Cole grow to trust each other until after a frightening encounter at chucky cheese he learns Cole's secret. The grey air of a hospital ward is filled by the frightened child's steamy breath as he utters the now clichéd words -'I see dead

  • Word count: 566
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Drama
Access this essay

To what extent did Bismarck's success depend on the mistakes of others?

To what extent did Bismarck's success depend on the mistakes of others? In the process of German unification, it is possible to see that Bismarck played a significant role. It is easy with hindsight to see the mistakes that were made during the process. What is certain that the situation however, is that mistakes were made. With this in mind it can be argued that Bismarck was able to capitalise on the mistakes of his opponents in order to unify Germany. An example of when Bismarck was able to do this was in 1864 with the Schleswig-Holstein situation. The combined forces of Austria and Prussia entered Schleswig-Holstein to face the Danish forces. Prussian nationalists, who favoured the grossdeutsch idea, were in favour of this action as the Germany speaking people in Schleswig-Holstein were to be freed from Danish control and put under Prussian control. However the situation that occurred was that Schleswig and Holstein were split between Prussia and Austria. Bismarck meanwhile took Duke Augustenburgs forces under his control, which angered the Austrians yet both countries met at Gastein in 1865 and "papered over the cracks". However in 1866 the Austrians frustrated that the final decision about Schleswig-Holstein had not been made brought it to the attention of the Diet at Frankfurt. This was the final stage that finally led to war as by bringing the matter to the diet it

  • Word count: 1011
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
Access this essay

Leadership is frequently defined as a social influence relationship between two or more persons who depend on each other to attain certain mutual goals in a group situation.

INTRODUCTION In a firm, management and leadership are important and needed. Leadership and management are similar. Actually, leadership and the management are totally difference. The leadership would influence the firm. The leader would have difference leadership styles to lead the subordinate. The manager has different functions, attributes and skills. Different subordinate needs to have different leadership style. Finally, difference powers would have difference use on leadership influence. MANAGEMENT DEFINED Management can be defined as the process of planning organising, directing, and controlling organisational resources in the pursuit of organisational goals. LEADERSHIP DEFINED Leadership is frequently defined as a social influence relationship between two or more persons who depend on each other to attain certain mutual goals in a group situation. STYLES OF LEADERSHIP An autocratic leadership style is one where the manager sets objectives, allocates tasks, and insists on obedience. Therefore the group becomes dependent on him or her. The result of this style is the members of the group are often dissatisfied with the leader. This results in little cohesion, the need for high levels of supervision, and poor levels of motivation amongst employees. A democratic leadership style encourages participation in decision making. Democratic leadership styles can be

  • Word count: 1872
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
Access this essay

Gulliver's Travels is a fine example of a satire in that there is bite in Swifts attacks on human behaviour and yet there is much to entertain and amuse, Discuss

"Gulliver's Travels is a fine example of a satire in that there is bite in Swifts attacks on human behaviour and yet there is much to entertain and amuse, Discuss" Tom Caulfield Gulliver's Travels is a book which uses satire, to attack the politics of its time. Swift operates on two levels; on one level he tells an enjoyable fantasy story for all ages. On the second level behind the superficial narrative he comments upon the issues he faces in the reality of England and makes criticisms. The story is set on an island called Lilliput, it is inhabited by little people and it is this which Swift uses as a base for his views on the world around him. Lilliput is a mirror image of London in 1726, and it acts as a blank canvas for Swifts thoughts on reality. It allows him to create anything, so he manages to create different ways of criticising London. The way Swift produces these criticisms of his world is by transferring the moral into a comical or humorous issue. Swift does this many times, but he is also using to his advantage as an author. As he is putting across his views he is also pleasing both his younger audience and older by covering up the criticisms of the books times with an exhilarating fantasy story. An example of his humorous technique is when the inhabitants of Liliput are shown to select their politicians by seeing who is superior on a

  • Word count: 1132
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: English
Access this essay