Foreign Aid, charity, development assistance
Foreign Aid, charity, development assistance...whatever you call it, it has become a global activity. The assistance is delivered by various means: government-to-government, pooled multilaterally or channeled through non-governmental organisations of all sizes. Actually, the bulk of foreign aid is funneled through international financial institutions like the World Bank, which gives grants, loans and advice, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which gives loans with strict requirements. David Sogge is an independent aid analyst and consultant based in The Netherlands. In his book Give and Take: What's the Matter with Foreign Aid? He suggests that even compassionate forms of aid like feeding the hungry can have dramatic and sometimes negative effects on those it seeks to help. Changing Habits "Clearly food aid has helped people in situations of great distress survive. But I think we have to look at food aid's original purposes. Why was it launched in the first place? Clearly one major reason has been surplus production in North America and Western Europe - wheat, maize and other grains and milk and butter." David Sogge argues that food aid changed Africa's diets and created a dependency on an expensive, foreign commodity: bread. "Wheat is grown in only a few corners of Africa and at greater cost than it is grown in Western Europe or North America. So those countries
Critically evaluate Brazil's International Trade Policy in terms of key trade issues and primary benefits and limitations of current trade policy
Brazil is often painted as a country selling raw materials like coffee and cotton s to its big prosperous neighbour, the United States and buying manufactured goods such as cars in return. Today, the process of economic liberalization initiated in 1990s has produced significant changes in Brazil's trade regime: agricultural exports became less important than manufactured exports and the EU, the United States, and Argentina become the main trade partners. Favourable economic and investment climate results in substantial increase of foreign direct investment (FDI) since 1997. As the economy has become more open and competitive, competition policy is gaining importance in Brazil. This report aims to critically evaluate the Brazil's International Trade Policy in term of key trade issues and primary benefits and limitations of current trade policy are identified. For the tariff and non-tariff barrier, although Brazil has liberalised its trading regime in a substantial manner during the past ten years, but still maintains various barriers to trade of both a tariff and a non-tariff barrier nature hamper its products' access to the world's principal markets and it must be lifted to liberalize international trade. A number of standard methods of export financing are used in Brazil, government direct financing, tax concessions and the Export Finance Programme (PROEX) plays a key role
Christian Aid is a charity, a company, and an aid to those in less developed countries than our own
Describe The Work Of One Agency Working For World Development "We Believe in Life Before Death." This is Christian Aid's Motto; Christian Aid is a charity, a company, and an aid to those in less developed countries than our own. It is one of many charitable based organisations that works on many projects set up to improve the lifestyles of the people in these country's. Justice and compassion are principles, which Christian Aid has; they are closely linked to many Churches and other organisations run by Christians. Though this maybe so they give aid to whoever needs it regardless of religion, race or culture. They help people in less developed countries to gain more water, food and money than they have at this moment in time. They believe that everyone should have a fair share of the world's resources. Christian Aid began just after World War II helping those who had found themselves homeless; this small group later became an organisation, which helps 60 different countries, with an approximate of £40 million pounds going to help these causes. The £40 million pounds goes out to the many different issues and problems, which Christian Aid face daily in their fight to help solve the troubles that are based highly in less developed countries. One of these problems is the increase of HIV affected people in these stricken countries. Worldwide there are 40 million people
Austraila's Trade and Treaties
AUSTRALIA'S REGOINAL AND GLOBAL MILITARY LINKS Australia has extensive regional and global military ties. These take a number of forms, including treaty agreements, joint military training and the training of overseas military personal. These links may be bilateral, regional or multilateral in nature. Many of these links can be traced back to the various military conflicts in which Australia has been involved since 1899. HISTORICAL ALLIANCES Australia's long standing military ties with the United Kingdom date from our colonial past. The first conflict in which the newly created Australian nation was involved was Boer war of 1899-1902. Australia felt "duty bound" to come to "mother country" aid its conflict with Dutch settler in South Africa. This attitude also explains why Australia went to the aid of the United Kingdom in both world wars. Since World War 2, Australia has developed closer military ties with the United States. This involvement dates from the time when Australia was forced to turn to the United States to help repel the Japanese advance though Southeast Asia and the Pacific during the early 1940's. As part of its involvement in the "Pacific Campaign" the United States established a number of large military bases in the Asia-Pacific region. Following our involvement in the Pacific Campaign the Australian military established close links with the US military.
Food aid: case study
Niger has a population of approximately 13 million inhabitants.Niger was ranked 174 out of 177 countries by UNDP's Human Development Index in 2007. In Niger, 59.5 percent of the population is living below the poverty line. Agriculture is the main source of income in Niger i.e., agriculture is the engine of Niger's weak economy. 82 percent of the population of Niger rely only on farming. The malnutrition rates in Niger are elevated; ten percent of children under five suffer from acute malnutrition and 44 percent of children suffer from chronic malnutrition.Social indicators are also low like the life expectancy at birth is only 44.7 years and the child mortality rate is 20 percent.Thr illitracy rate in Niger is 71% due to the poor school attendance, especially among girls. In 2005, Niger suffered from a severe food security crisis aggravated by drought and locust invasions. With a reduction in food availability and people's ability to purchase what food there was, the crisis resulted in a drastic reduction in household food consumption, distress sales of livestock and other assets and results in rising the levels of acute malnutrition . The current situation in Niger in relation to food supply: Due to the effective partnership between the Government and humanitarian partners, the positive results have been seen in Niger and thecurrent situation offood supply in Niger
First Aid - Eye injuries and Bites and Stings
Year 11 PDHPE Assessment Task – First Aid ________________ Eye Injuries ________________ The nature of the injury ________________ The structure of the face is to help protect your eyes from injuries. Still, injuries can damage your eye, sometimes harshly enough that you could lose your vision. Eye injuries can range from minor bruises and scratches to serious cuts, fractures and burns. The eye injuries often occur in the workplace, at home and participating in sports Common eye injuries can include: . A small particle such as a twig which can damage the clear front part of the eye called the cornea 2. A foreign body such as a small metal that can get stuck in the eye 3. A sudden blow to the eye such as from a cricket ball which causes the middle section of the eye (the uvea) becomes swollen. Signs and symptoms of the injury ________________ Signs and symptoms of eye injuries can include: Chemical contamination . Pain and burning 2. Redness 3. Swollen eyelids 4. Stinging Flash burns . Pain 2. Loss of vision 3. Bloodshot eyes 4. Watery eyes Infections . Flaking o the eyelid 2. Itchy 3. Discomfort of the eyes 4. Blurry vision 5. Watery eyes 6. Eye discharge 7. Pain 8. Swelling of the surrounding tissue Allergies . Redness 2. Itching 3. Watery eye s 4. Burning feeling 5. Blurred vision Primary management of the
Foreign Trade in Latvia
Riga International School of Economics and Business Administration Course paper in macroeconomics Foreign Trade in Latvia st Year Student EBS Program Supervisor : Andrejs Cirjevskis Riga, 2006 Contents Introduction........................................................................3 . Balance of payments....................................................4 2. Latvian foreign trade policy ............................................5 3. WTO (World Trade Organization) ...................................6 3.1. Principles of the trading system................................6 4. Exports and imports in Latvia..........................................8 Exports by commodity group................................10 Imports by commodity group................................10 5. Statistics for January - March 2006..................................12 Trade in non-agricultural goods...............................14 Trade in services................................................15 Trade in agricultural goods.....................................15 Trade facilitation.................................................15 6. Main partners of Latvia's foreign trade..............................16 Conclusions....................................................................18 Used Sources.................................................................19
Free trade
Introduction Trading goods and services between or within countries without any government's policy restriction such as tariff and non-tariff barriers, this type of trade model is called Free Trade (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_trade). Before the concept of free trade was promoted, countries are not really willing to trade with each others because there are several policies that restraint trade between countries such as protectionist and mercantilist which are applied to most countries over the centuries. After Adam Smith's absolute advantage concept and David Ricardo's comparative advantage concept opposed the mercantilism, most countries realized the importance of international trade and starting to adopt free trade between nations. However, after World War I, countries beginning to impose trade barriers were once again caused the instability of world economic and political system. The instability of the world economy has finally caused World War II and destroyed the first liberal world order (Ha-Joon Chang, 2003) (Kicking Away the Ladder: The "Real" History of Free Trade http://www.fpif.org/pdf/papers/SRtrade2003.pdf). The event of World War II is the main reason that stimulates the promotion of free trade because America was economically dominant at that time and it was under pressure by other countries to open up its market. As a result, the General Agreement on
Trade Unions
Trade Unions Trade Unions - a future? "A trade union is an independent self-regulating organization of workers created to protect and advance the interests of its members through collective action." Over recent years, it has become fashionable in many quarters to write off Britain's trade unions, to label them as obsolete institutions out of touch with new realities and incapable of change. In today's world of individual employment contracts, performance-related pay schemes, Human Resource and Total Quality Management and all the other ingredients of the so-called 'new' workplace, trade unions are often regarded as anachronistic obstacles preventing success of the market economy. As collective voluntary organizations that represent employees in the workplace, it is argued; trade unions no longer serve a useful purpose. The main priority of this essay is to represent the arguments for and against the relevance of trade unions in today's working society. Furthermore, I shall comment on the future of the trade union movement, based upon the facts and findings that helped construct this text. Trade unions exist because an individual worker has very little power to influence decisions that are made about his or her job. The greatest advantage in joining a trade union is because, by doing so, individuals possess more chance of having a voice and influence in their place of work. By
First Aid for Sprains and Concussion
________________ “I stand for ice and the application of which should be carefully controlled because simply putting on the area of injury will produce blistering and ice burns, so it should be wrapped in another layer, preferably a damp tea towel. Time should also be kept in mind and about 15mins, frequently, should reduce the swelling in a sprain and ease the pain. Next is “C” for compression which compresses the blood capillaries, allowing the blood flow to the injury to, to be minimal thus making the swelling and inflammation of the sprain and minor as can be. Finally is “E” for elevate. Blood pressure reduces with height as it is lower in our brain than our toes, so the higher the limb is above the heart, the less force there is within the blood vessel at the area of injury, to cause bleeding and worsen the injury. The “RICE” technique consists of 4 procedures that are to be preformed when and where applicable. “R” stands for rest which many sportsmen/women don’t like because many of them believe that they’re fine but actually, by continuing their sporting activity, they force more blood to the site of the
