Liberalization: where it has lead us and where it is headed

Liberalization: where it has lead us and where it is headed Since 1991, the Indian economy has been running under the mantra of "liberalization". While there has been almost unanimous approval amongst the more affluent sections of the population for liberating the consumer goods sector from the "License Raj" of the previous decades, external liberalization has been subject to far more scrutiny, and has generated considerable controversy and debate. The extent to which the economy should be decontrolled with respect to the international sector is not only of economic relevance but goes to the whole issue of national sovereignty and security. External Liberalization Whereas domestic industrialists and investors come under the purview of national laws - and are therefore subject to a modicum of democratic control - that can rarely be said of foriegn investors. Numerous case studies from the experience of other developing countries show that the dependance on foriegn capital has invariably led to sacrificing national policy goals in favor of the demands and conditions of international lending agencies and other powerful agents of international finance coporations like credit rating companies, analysts for banks and mutual funds, and representatives of insurance companies. The examples from Mexico, and now from South East Asia all show that even before rapid economic growth

  • Word count: 11913
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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Is residential property in the UK a good investment?

Abstract The Housing Market in the U.K. has been the subject of much interest in recent years. Housing is unusual in that not only is it used for living, but for many people it forms part of their investments. This investigation looks at whether or not investing money into residential property would be financially beneficial to the investor. Only the U.K. market is investigated due to the fact that comparing more than one market within the extended essay word limit would not be viable. Similarly the focus is only on residential property rather than other property types. In order to establish whether or not residential property is a good investment it is compared to several other types of investment: The FTSE 100, Gold and a high interest savings account. This enables an argument to be set out that uses real figures to compare property to other investments incorporating graphs to illustrate the data. These results are an illustration of past trends within different markets and suggest that the U.K. Housing Market would have been a good investment. However, it is recognised that timing is important so the figures are then rebased. As a consequence the conclusion is seen to be different. Knowledge has been used to suggest how the housing market may act in the future and it is believed that the U.K. Housing Market looks as if it is set to slow down in growth over the next few

  • Word count: 10737
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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Considering the current situation of the Chinese household electrical appliance enterprises, has WTO created the biggest challenge?

STUDENT NAME XIN JIN DEGREE BA (HONS) BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PROJECT SUPERVISOR KEITH ANDERSON PROJECT TITLE CONSIDERING THE CURRENT SITUATION OF THE CHINESE HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE ENTERPRISES, HAS WTO CREATED THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE? DATE APRIL 2003 KEYWORDS WTO HOUSEHOLD ELECTRONIC APPLIANCES COMPANIES ABSTRACT As the mankind has entered a new era, China is also moving rapidly toward becoming a member of WTO. Under the concept of economical globalization, accession into the WTO will give China the chance of further integrating itself into the world economy. In a word, China's entry into the WTO will help create a favorable environment for trade and investment, which in turn will contribute positively to the steady and sturdy development of China's economy. But everything has two aspects, for the Chinese domestic companies, WTO brings not only advantages and opportunities but also problems and challenges. Since China joined WTO, many areas of China's economy stand to see change, from agriculture to insurance and banking to telecommunications. Among those sectors, as one of the most mature industries in China, the household electrical appliance industry were critically affected by WTO and changed dramatically. From industry consolidation to overseas investment, from domestic price war to anti-dumping actions, clearly, Chinese enterprises are pursued

  • Word count: 9963
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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Toyota Motor Company Limited

Toyota Motor Company Limited Term of Reference This report will be focusing on Toyota Motor Company Limited, the world third largest automobile in unit sale and net sale, revealing the following questions: * What are the significant events which have occurred in the automobile industry in the recent years? * How does the event effect the organisation? * What strategies are adopted by Toyota to contribute to the effectiveness of the company? To answer the above questions, the evaluation and critically analyse the business as well as the strategies of Toyota will be examined. Uncovering the stated case study, this report will focus on; the automobile market, Toyota's background and its business, strategies of Toyota in both management and cross-cultural strategies, the recent financial performance of the organisation in domestic and overseas automobile markets, reasons and challenges encouraging Toyota to invest overseas. Company's background Toyota Motor Co. Ltd. (TMC) was first established in 1937 as a separated company from Toyoda Automobile Loomworks, the leading manufacturing of weaving machinery.1 The Toyota Automobile Loomworks was then headed by Sakichi Toyoda, the king of investors. TMC was then founded by Kiichiro Toyoda, Sakichi's son. It has since blossomed into the leader it is today. The giant automaker faced its one and only strike in 1950. This event,

  • Word count: 9751
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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Chinese car market overview. Citroen case study

I -THE CHINESE MARKET A) CHINESE PANAROMA For centuries China stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the country was beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After World War II, the Communists under MAO Zedong established an autocratic socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. After 1978, his successor DENG Xiaoping and other leaders focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. For much of the population, living standards have improved dramatically and the room for personal choice has expanded, yet political controls remain tight. China is one of the world's fourth largest country (after Russia, Canada, and US); Mount Everest on the border with Nepal is the world's tallest peak with estimated population of 1,306,313,812. (ROBBINS,1996) B) DEMOGRAPHICS Since the proclamation of the people's Republic, the country has known three population censuses: there were thus 582.6 million inhabitants in 1953.1 billion in 1982 and 1.14 billion inhabitants in 1990. In 2005, the country, with a population considered at, 1,306,313,812 (July 2005 est.) are the most populated of the planet. Since the beginning of

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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Environmental Analysis Of Landis Lund.

Environmental Analysis Of Landis Lund By Martin Crangle Table of Contents Introduction Stakeholder Analysis 1.1 Who are stakeholders? 1.1.1 Primary stakeholders 1.1.2 Secondary stakeholders 1.2 What is a stakeholder analysis? 1.3 Chosen stakeholders 1.3.1 Stakeholder analysis of suppliers 1.3.2 Stakeholder analysis of employees 1.3.3 Stakeholder analysis of agents 2 Economic Systems 2.1 Types of Economic Systems 2.1.1 Capitalism 2.1.2 Socialism 2.1.3 Mixed economy 3 Market Structures 3.1 Types of markets 3.1.1 Monopolies 3.1.2 Duopoly 3.1.3 Oligopolies 3.1.4 Perfect competition 3.2 Market characteristics 3.2.1 Entry barriers 3.2.2 Exit barriers 3.2.3 Number and types of sellers 3.2.4 Product differentiation 3.2.5 Numbers and types of buyers 3.3 Landis Lund market environment and characteristics 4 Market Forces 4.1 What are market forces? 4.2 Impact on Landis Lund 4.3 Response to market forces 4.3.1 Establish a presence in China 4.3.2 Sell to Tier 2 suppliers 4.3.3 Conform to EU legislation 5 Competitive advantage 5.1 Competitive advantage 5.2 Competitive disadvantages 5.2.1 Exchange rates 5.2.2 Technology 5.3 Product differentiation 5.4 Steps to gain competitive advantage 5.4.1 Technological advantage 5.4.2 Proven quality advantage 5.4.3 Cost reductions 6 Roles of the State 6.1 Government policy 1 6.1.1 Sustainable growth

  • Word count: 9397
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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The Famous Grouse - company profile and exports

The Famous Grouse Introduction I have been hired by The Famous Grouse, a whiskey brewer as the international marketing consultant. The Famous Grouse is currently considering the option of selling their whiskey out with the UK. What is required of me in this post is to research and evaluate the various markets around the world, the research will assess the viability of selling in a different country. The research will take into account the current buyers of famous grouse in the UK, their characteristics and find the best foreign market that will be interested this product. I will evaluate three countries, New Zealand, Germany and USA. From these countries I will find the market that would be the most receptive of the Famous Grouse whiskey. Introduction to the Famous Grouse Named after the Red Grouse, Scotland's national game bird, The Famous Grouse was born in the late 1800's. Matthew Gloag, while running his family's grocery and wine business, hatched the idea to meet the demand for house-labelled blended whisky and thus created the Grouse Brand. So close to home was the brand, that Matthew's daughter, Philippa, actually created the original sketch for its renowned trademark. The Grouse Brand became so sought after that it was soon renamed The Famous Grouse. The Famous Grouse distilleries are currently owned by the Edrington Group. This group manages the

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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Causes of the Great Depression

Causes of the Great Depression Speculation in the 1920s caused many people to by stocks with loaned money and they used these stocks as collateral for buying more stocks. Broker's loans went from under $5 million in mid 1928 to $850 million in September of 1929. The stock market boom was very unsteady, because it was based on borrowed money and false optimism. When investors lost confidence, the stock market collapsed, taking them along with it. Short signed government economic policies were one of the factors that led to the Great Depression. Politicians believed that business was the key business of America. Thus, the government took no action against unwise investing. Congress passed high tariffs that protected American industries but hurt farmers and international trade. The economy was not stable. National wealth was not spread evenly. Instead, most money was in the hands of a few families who saved or invested rather than spent their money on American goods. Thus, supply was greater than demand. Some people profited, but others did not. Prices went up and Americans could not afford anything. Farmers and workers did not profit. Unevenness of prosperity made recovery difficult. Stock Market crash of 1929 Causes of the Great Depression Chapter 25: Dust Bowl, Scottsboro boys, Jacob Lawrence, Chicanos, Nisei, Middletown, soap operas, Frank Capra, Popular Front,

  • Word count: 8599
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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Chinese economy sets for soft landing in 2005.

Chinese economy sets for soft landing in 2005: ADB (Beijing Time): 2004-09-23 09:54 China will succeed in cooling off an overheated economy and achieve a soft landing, according to a major Asian Development Bank (ADB) report released on Wednesday. The Asian Development Outlook 2004 Update, which forecasts economic trends in the region, said China's gross domestic product(GDP) economy is expected to grow by 8.8 percent in 2004 and slow to 8 percent in 2005. "The rapid pace of investment growth has slowed from the very high levels experienced in the first quarter of this year, reflecting the gradual impact of policy-tightening measures," saidBruce Murray, resident representative of ADB Resident Mission in China, at a press conference. Inflation is expected to moderate from slightly around 5 percent in mid-2004, and consumption is expected to increase by 13percent in 2005 supported by higher urban and rural incomes, he said. "China's rapidly growing markets are providing opportunities for other countries, particularly Asian countries, therefore Chinawill remain the leading destination for global foreign direct investment. Imports will grow faster than exports in 2005," said Bruce. According to the report, China has already scored progress in reducing by half the number of people living below one US dollar per day, and has also made progress in providing access to

  • Word count: 8158
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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Economics of European Integration

Economics of European Integration Case: Deregulation in the European Electricity Market Point of view of the European companies Aggelos Antonkakis Master of European Studies November 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 . INTRODUCTION IN THE ELECTRICITY CONSUMING COMPANIES 4 2. EUROPEAN COMPANIES OVERALL WELCOME THE DEREGULATION IN THE ELECTRICITY MARKET 5 2.1. Advantages 5 2.2. Disadvantages 8 3. LESSONS FROM THE CALIFORNIA ELECTRICITY CRISIS AND CRUCIAL ELEMENTS IN THE EUROPEAN DEREGULATION POLICY 10 3.1. Lessons from the California crisis 10 3.2. Crucial elements in the European deregulation policy 11 4. DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BETWEEN DEREGULATION IN THE EUROPEAN ELECTRICITY SECTOR AND OTHER EUROPEAN SECTORS 13 4.1. Similarities 13 4.2. Differences 15 5. AFTER DEREGULATION, TIME FOR PRIVATISATION? 17 BIBLIOGRAPHY 21 Executive Summary European companies are important electricity consumers. Although they are a diversified group of consumers, they all profit from the liberalisation in the European electricity market thanks to the following positive consequences. First of all, the deregulation policy turns the traditionally monopolistic and vertically integrated electricity industry into separated and competitive entities, what generally results in technical innovations and lower electricity prices. Moreover, the creation of

  • Word count: 7950
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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