Retailing In India - A Government Policy Perspective

Retailing In India A Government Policy Perspective TABLE OF CONTENTS . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 2. INTRODUCTION 6 .1 EVOLUTION OF INDIAN RETAIL 7 .2 RETAIL FORMATS IN INDIA 8 .3 THE CHANGING INDIAN CONSUMER 10 .4 ANTICIPATED GROWTH IN THE RETAIL INDUSTRY 11 3. ISSUES IN INDIAN RETAILING 12 2.1 THE PROBLEM OF PRODUCTIVITY 12 2.2 OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS IN INDIAN RETAILING 12 2.3 POOR PRODUCTIVITY IN MODERN FORMATS 13 2.4 INDUSTRY DYNAMICS 16 2.5 EXTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTIVITY 18 4. INDUSTRY STATUS TO RETAIL 24 3.1 PROBLEMS OF NOT BEING AN INDUSTRY 24 3.2 THE NEED FOR INDUSTRY STATUS 25 3.3 STAKEHOLDER BENEFIT ANALYSIS 26 5. FDI IN INDIA: AN ANALYSIS 30 4.1 GLOBAL TRENDS 30 4.2 INDIA'S SHARE 31 4.3 DIRECTION OF FDI INFLOW INTO INDIA 33 4.4 CAUSES AND REASONS FOR LOW FDI INFLOW INTO INDIA 35 4.5 FDI POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 41 6. IMPACT OF FDI: THE GLOBAL EXPERIENCE 44 5.1 GLOBAL TRENDS 44 7. FDI IN RETAILING 51 6.1 INTERNATIONALIZATION: THE NEW RETAIL TREND 51 6.2 THE INDIAN RETAILING REGULATIONS 52 6.3 THE INDIAN ADVANTAGE 55 6.4 ENTRY ROUTES OF CURRENT FOREIGN RETAILERS 55 8. FDI IN RETAILING: THE DEBATE 57 7.1 FDI IN INDIAN RETAILING: WHY NOT? 57 7.2 FDI IN INDIAN RETAILING: WHY? 59 7.3 INCENTIVES FOR FDI IN RETAIL 62 7.4 REGULATING FDI IN RETAIL 63 7.5 WHAT SHOULD THE GOVERNMENT DO? 64 7.6 FDI IN RETAIL: AN IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK 65 9.

  • Word count: 24141
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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Case Study: The Home Depot

Case Study: The Home Depot Preface This Essentials of Strategic Management assignment has been made by three persons which have been working together and individually to finish the assignment properly and in time. Secondly, we would like to thank the company whose websites we were able to visit and use, to get additional information that we could use for leading the assignment of Home Depot to a successful ending. We can say, that it was a pleasure to work on this assignment and would, in the third place, like to thank each other. The persons who worked on this assignment, for the effort and time that is put in the assignment, that brought us to this finished version. Content .Preface 2.Introduction 3.Problem definition 4.Summary 5.Conclusion 6. Chapter 1: External analysis of Home Depot Inc. 7. Chapter 2: Internal analysis of Home Depot Inc. 8. Chapter 3: Strategic forces. 9. Chapter 4: Core Competencies Home Depot Inc. 0. Chapter 5: Distinctive Competencies Home Depot Inc. 1. Chapter 6: Competencies transferred to different markets 2. Chapter 7: Large box (endless selection) versus smaller stores 3. Chapter 8: The home improvement industry. 4. Chapter 9: Corporate Stock 5. Chapter 10: Competitor strategy 6. Chapter 11: Corporate Strategy 7. Chapter 12: The corporate culture of Home Depot 8. Chapter 13: Strategic Managers 9. Literature

  • Word count: 20423
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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The Quest for Optimal Asset Allocation Strategies in Integrating Europe.

Bachelor Thesis International Business Administration: The Quest for Optimal Asset Allocation Strategies in Integrating Europe Faarnaz Chavoushi Erasmus University Rotterdam May 2004 Abstract: This paper examines the effect of the process of monetary and economic integration in the EMU on the optimal diversification strategies for the mean-variance optimising investor. Previous literature has mostly focused on the relative importance of country versus sector effects for the explanation of stock returns, but following Ehling and Ramos (2002) and Moerman (2003), this paper takes a more practical approach to the question at hand. It aims to directly investigate the evolution of the optimal diversification strategy since the establishment of the EMU. The methodology is based on the portfolio theory first introduced by Markowitz (1952), as well as the mean-variance spanning test initiated by Hubermann and Kandel (1987). The paper finds that different diversification strategies have been optimal in the four different subsample periods specified, and that no clear trend is to be detected, except that diversification over both industries and countries has always been superior. These two findings cast doubt on the traditional top-down allocation strategy which is widely been used by most investment institutions, and which conventionally focuses on geographical

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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This report will establish the opportunities and threats presented to Sony by the EU market.

VOCATIONAL A LEVEL IN BUSINESS UNIT 22 ASSIGNMENT THE EUROPEAN UNION & UK BUSINESS AIM: You need to investigate a UK business, which trades across the EU. The report will cover the following aspects: * Opportunities & threats presented to the business by the EU. * Positive & negative impact of monetary, competition & social policy. * Impact of cultural difference. Sony Plc, a large company that operates in many markets and trades within the European Union and outside, is the company I'll be reporting on. 2.1) Introduction: This report will establish the opportunities and threats presented to Sony by the EU market. Also how the positive and negative impacts of monetary, competition and social policies affect Sony and the impact of cultural difference in this multinational company. Part of this report will be done with effective presentation of material by using a variety of formats that will show a good use of evidence that I have collected. 2.2) Underpinning economic theories: a) Economies of Scale; results in the firm gaining from a reduction in the average cost per unit manufactured, so total costs will increase as production increases but average costs of production can fall, leading to the firm becoming more competitive. A chart to show production costs and production scale. Cost per unit Economies of scale are outweighing diseconomies Diseconomies

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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Scarcity and Unlimited Wants.

Borja Hormaeche Business Studies Research Scarcity Unlimited Wants Humans have many different types of wants and needs. Economics looks only at man's material wants and needs. These are satisfied by consuming (using) either goods (physical items such as food) or services (non-physical items such as heating). There are three reasons why wants and needs are virtually unlimited: . Goods eventually wear out and need to be replaced. 2. New or improved products become available. 3. People get fed up with what they already own. Limited Resources Commodities (goods and services) are produced by using resources. The resources shown in Table 1.1 are sometimes called factors of production. Table 1.1 Different types of resource Type Description Reward Land All natural resources Rent Labour The physical and mental work of people Wages Capital All man-made tools and machines Interest Enterprise All managers and organisers Profit Types of Commodity A free good is available without the use of resources. There is zero opportunity cost, for example air. An economic good is a commodity in limited supply. Expenditure on producer or capital goods is called investment. The Economic Problem The economic problem refers to the scarcity of commodities. There is only a limited amount of resources available to produce the unlimited amount of goods and

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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The Ohio Pilot Scholarship Program

Last Thursday, the Supreme Court favorably decided a case so fundamentally about freedom that its very adjudication was hard to believe. It involved an experimental Cleveland program offering low-income children scholarships to attend either public or private schools. Your education, your choice - what could be more straightforward? Yet it was not just opposed, but vehemently so, by the public education industry. This opposition raises two questions: Why is the public education industry so opposed to this particular experiment and why are they so generally liberal? The answer to both questions has more to do with economics than education. Begun in 1996 because of unrelenting mismanagement in Cleveland's public schools, the Ohio Pilot Scholarship Program offers low-income children up to $2,500 annually through eighth grade to pay either a private or on an out-of-district public school's tuition. No out-of-district public schools chose to participate, so in the 1999-2000 school year all 3,761 students participated attended private schools. Because 96 percent of program students chose to attend church-affiliated schools, it was hauled before the courts on the grounds of violating the Constitution's establishment of religion clause under the First Amendment. The federal government's unqualified extension of higher education assistance - regardless if a student attends a

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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Bellway Plc is a holding company with subsidiaries; its main subsidiary company is Bellway Homes.[1] Bellway's principal activity is the construction of houses, bungalows and flats primarily in the private market

LUBS 3870 Financial Analysis Bellway Plc . Induction Bellway Plc is a holding company with subsidiaries; its main subsidiary company is Bellway Homes.1 Bellway's principal activity is the construction of houses, bungalows and flats primarily in the private market mainly on recycled and reclaimed land but also provides properties to housing associations and inner city urban renewal projects.2 Bellway is involved in three further activities; estates which deals with planning issues and long term strategic land acquisitions, financial Services which offer customers mortgage and insurance products and group administration.3 History Bellway was founded by John T Bell and his two sons in 1946. It now has a market capitalisation of £1,174m4 and operates in seventeen different geographical areas of the UK5 and is headquartered in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Bellway's build low-cost homes on disused sites or sites that have been left to abandon, it aims is to not to let any plot of land go to waste.6 Construction & Building Material Industry The construction and building material industry comprise of 357 UK companies and is an 'industry basket' of the FTSE Actuaries 3508 index. The industry consists of number of different type of companies. Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 % of Growth 5% 4% 5% 8% 4% The construction industry is identified as being cyclical and is inclined

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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New banknotes and coins for Europe.

January 2002 - new banknotes and coins for Europet Our new currency has been years in the making. The Treaty of Rome (1957) declared a common European market as a European objective with the aim of increasing economic prosperity and contributing to "an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe". The Single European Act (1986) and the Treaty on European Union (1992) have built on this, introducing Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and laying the foundations for our single currency. The third stage of EMU began on 1 January 1999, when the exchange rates of the participating currencies were irrevocably set. Euro area Member States began implementing a common monetary policy, the euro was introduced as a legal currency and the 11 currencies of the participating Member States became subdivisions of the euro. Greece joined on 1 January 2001 and so 12 Member States introduced the new euro banknotes and coins at the beginning of this year. The successful development of the euro is central to the realisation of a Europe in which people, services, capital and goods can move freely. This is history in the making. It is the largest monetary changeover the world has ever seen - join us in celebrating and finding out more about our new currency. Our new single currency originates in the Treaties. All the Treaties were prepared and signed by members of the European Council, which

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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An Empirical Investigation into the Causes and Effects of Liquidity in Emerging

An Empirical Investigation into the Causes and Effects of Liquidity in Emerging Market Sovereign Bonds and US High-Yield Corporate Bonds . Introduction Emerging market sovereign bonds and US high-yield corporate bonds have increasingly become competing asset classes over the past decade. Investors have turned to both markets in the search for high yield following global economic slowdown and low global interest rates. One main concern investors have about both bond markets is their liquidity risk. Owing to the nature of fixed income securities, higher return is often associated with higher risk. High-yield bonds have below investment grade ratings because of the high probability of default of the country issuing the security. This means that it can be difficult to sell such assets at the correct market price and so a liquidity premium exists. This can be measured by the difference between the bid and ask prices on the bond in question. If investors are increasingly willing to hold such bonds in the wake of global economic slowdown and because of the impressive returns such asset classes achieve, it is interesting to consider if changes in liquidity in one market will affect changes in liquidity of the opposing market. Then the macroeconomic fundamentals that cause such changes to take place need to be examined. This paper uses data on average monthly bid-ask spreads1 in

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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Split Votes: A Nation Divided on the Marijuana/Drug Legalization Debate

A number of people in America use recreational drugs, especially marijuana. One estimate says that over 76 million Americans admitted to having tried marijuana (DRUG WAR FACTS, Marijuana). According the US federal law, these people are criminals. If caught using illegal drugs a person can face penalties ranging from a one hundred dollar fine to life in prison. Whether or not these laws and penalties are good for the well being of the country and its citizens has been a debate for decades. Numerous groups and individuals, representing a range of sectors in our society, have opinions on the subject. They use various economic and moral arguments to either promote or denounce drugs and drug use. A group of economists uses the notion of free markets to argue for drug policy reform. The government uses a cost/benefit analysis to refute such claims. Governor Gary Johnson from New Mexico expresses the need for the government to take an active role in drug legalization rather than prohibition. Think tanks disagree on the proper course for US drug policy. Special interest groups have been created solely to fight for people's right to use drugs, and other groups have been formed to promote stricter drug laws and enforcement. Media editorials praise drug policy reform and criticize policy makers. Public opinion polls and university students are split on marijuana

  • Word count: 12097
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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