INTRODUCTION
My coursework will be on World Development and its varied aspects of the three different worlds and their references of MEDC'S and LEDC'S, the decision on why a countries developing, slow development of countries explained and explanation on why the worlds an unfair place. The definition of world development is the progress of resources to improve living standards of those in poverty struck areas. Increasing and easing poor people's basic needs accessibility and supplying the basic living conditions for releasing them from poverty and debt cycles. It also involves the management of materials of wealth within countries once a place is developed.
There are different types of worlds sectioned according to its development. The nations are split into three sections- 1st world, second world and third world countries.
The 'first world countries' refer to as developed, capitalist, industrial countries, roughly an area of countries along by the USA with common political and economical interests: North America, Western Europe, Japan and Australia.
The 'second world countries' are referred as the (former) communist -socialist industrial states, (used to be the Eastern block, the territory and sphere of influence the union of Soviet Socialist Republic) today: Russia, Eastern Europe (e.g. Poland) and some of the Turk states (e.g. Kazakhstan) as well as China. These countries are quite developed but not more sophisticated in this aspect than 1st world countries. They are not rich as 1st world countries and not as poor as 3rd world countries. Third world countries referred to all the rest of the countries. Today often used to roughly describe the developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Although some countries are the poorest in the world like Somalia and Bangladesh; third world countries also include capitalist (e.g. Venezuela) and Communist (e.g. North Korea) countries as very rich (e.g. Saudi Arabia) and very poor (e.g. Mali) countries.
st, 2nd, and 3rd world countries are also referred as MEDC'S and LEDC'S. More economically developed countries are referred to as mainly the 1st and some of the 2nd world countries; Less Economically Developed Countries can be referred as the low standards and behind countries such as some of 2nd world and 3rd world countries. These two categories are split, dividing different countries in order of wealth, social and political justice. The MEDC'S are far more better off and have higher living standards than those countries of LEDC'S which are trapped in poverty and are under developed due to lack of basic necessities.
There are many ways in which it's decided if a countries either MEDC'S or LEDC'S. The decider factors which represent the MEDC'S (More Economically Developed Countries) are that the countries in this category have long life expectancy, high percentage in agriculture, high percentage in services, high urban dwellers, high literacy levels, low birth rate and high GNP (Gross National Product). The decider factors which qualify 2nd and 3rd world countries as LEDC'S (Less Economically Developed Countries) are that the countries in this category have short life expectancy, low percentage in agriculture, low percentage in services, low urban dwellers and more rural dwellers, low literacy levels and in some cases no education is accessible, high birth levels which decrease food per person and low GNP (Gross National Product) per person.
MEDC'S and LEDC's have different boundaries of needs available. The 1st and 2nd world countries have their basic needs progressed in that areas development. Although the 3rd world countries don't even have their basic needs fulfilled and are stuck in a poverty and debt trap due to poor development. The three worlds have different levels of development. There are stages developments in economical aspects. There are five different series of stages of growth until they become fully industrialised and economically developed.
Stage 1- Usually a subsistence economy based mainly on agriculture. This is due to the fact that there's no sufficient technology and capital money to make raw materials as useful on to develop industries and services for the country.
Stage 2- A colony helps to provide help externally for countries to get the stage of exporting products, as well as primary activities being developed. The technology is improved and there are one/two industries. The standard of living is improved (GNP).
Stage 3- Manufacturing industries increase greatly because of improvement in technology and capital to process raw materials. The agriculture is now increased in its investment, also helping transport and services. Although economic development is mostly within the 'core' regions e.g. around the capital of chief port area. This results in a rise greatly in living standards.
Stage 4- Now most of the county has Economic growth due to the spreading. There's several industries using higher levels of technology and mechanisations and there's more complex transport and services. It's often due to a time of rapid urbanisation and ...
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Stage 3- Manufacturing industries increase greatly because of improvement in technology and capital to process raw materials. The agriculture is now increased in its investment, also helping transport and services. Although economic development is mostly within the 'core' regions e.g. around the capital of chief port area. This results in a rise greatly in living standards.
Stage 4- Now most of the county has Economic growth due to the spreading. There's several industries using higher levels of technology and mechanisations and there's more complex transport and services. It's often due to a time of rapid urbanisation and declining primary activity, living standards continue to improve.
Stage 5- A rapid expansion of service industries, but there's a decline of manufacturing.
This is a diagram showing the level stages of development.
This is a graph to show the levels of development for various countries. It shows how the MEDC'S and 1st world countries are more developed. It also indicates the standards of varied countries (i.e. 2nd world and 3rd world).
There are six basic needs which differ between the MEDC'S and the LEDC'S. The 1st world - MEDC'S have the six basic needs at their service and aren't in shortage, ensuring there's a great produce for all to consume and to the extent sometimes take for granted and waste. Although the LEDC'S- 3rd world countries have no access to the six basic needs of i.e. 1.clean water and sanitation,
2. a good and fair livelihood,
3. Education for them to move on in the world
4. Shelter in any adequate condition
5. Health and Medical assistance and
6. Food of which they can grow themselves for healthy
consuming.
. The MEDC'S and LEDC'S have a big gap and its an undignified imbalance. The MEDC'S have high standard of permanent residence, and indoor qualities supplying electricity, water supply and sewage systems. Although LEDC'S don't have adequate or suitable shelter or either any permanent residence. Amenities of MEDC'S are a luxury to the poor people for they have sewagery, electricity, or any suitable water supply.
2. Food supply is plentiful in the diet of people living in MEDC'S. They have a regular balanced diet, with food being available in a wide range and easily accessible. The great extent can be actually wasted too, and since the amount is so great this careless loss could feed the poor living in the LEDC'S. The agriculture and exports of food result in a numerous intake of food a day, these meals have nourishment such as protein keeping people healthy. The poor living in the LEDC'S have no access to food and intake is very little due to famines, natural disasters and inadequate growing materials etc. They have an imbalanced diet; therefore 20% of the population are malnourished, this low protein intake impairs growth and foods vital for living.
3. The MEDC'S have government services providing 24-7 care for hen one needs it most. This is because 1st world countries have very good, large numbers of doctors and good hospital facilities. They are educated and learn ways to improve health conditions. The LEDC's have very poor, few doctors and inadequate hospital facilities. On regular basis children die due to lack of sanitation causing diseases like cholera. These diarrhoea symptoms can be healed quickly and cheaply although many young children die due to poor capital and lack of facilities, therefore they can't get medicine like sachets to restore health. Many people die young and suffer unnecessary pain due to lack of resources. Even in 2nd world countries hospital beds are often crowded and not everyone can be treated. In UK there are 650 people per doctor but in Bangladesh there are 7,810 people per doctor. This shows the difference between market economies- the rich or developed world and the 'low' income developing countries. It represents the imbalance in world development.
4. The livelihood for people living in MEDC'S is long, happy and successful. This is because of factors such as life expectancy, GNP(Gross National Products), and growth population; the MEDC'S and LEDC'S statistics prove the livelihood for poor and rich people are considerably imbalanced with rich lives having help catered for, but poor have to suffer and live for short time due to lack of resources for basic needs. The people who live in MEDC'S have a life expectancy of over 75 years because they have basic needs to sustain life, although people living in LEDC'S live up to over 60 years due to the fact that they become too weak to withstand the suffering of lack of basic needs to keep the body functioning. An example of a MEDC person in Britain lives till 76 but LEDCS person has a life expectancy of only 53.
The types of jobs are more accessible for MEDC people than LEDC people. People living in MEDCS are mostly successful professions with satisfying pay- manufacturing and service industries (75% of manufacturing and service industries of the world). This is showing the job imbalance and LEDC'S are in majority with only 25% of the worlds manufacturing industry and only mainly in industries. So there's more jobs for less people in MEDC'S in LEDC'S there's less jobs for more people population; this factor contributes to the poor issues increasing poverty's inadequate suppliance. The GNP (Gross National Product) shows the difference of wage for people living in MEDC'S and LEDC'S. The majority is over 5000 US dollars per person per year IN MEDC'S, and the wealth majority in the world is towards MEDC'S with 80% of world's total income.
But those living in ld have more population to only receive 20% of the world's total income leaving them very poor. The majority for a person is under 200 dollars per person per year. There's a major division between MEDC'S and LEDC'S wealth for example the average weekly wage in the UK is £380. The income of a village, in Northern Uganda, is £380 a week (the village has 82 adults within). The Market Economies- the rich of developed world with Britain has a GNP of 14, 570 per Capita but compared to a 'low' income developing country like Bangladesh is 180 dollars per capita; but Bangladesh is a bigger country with a bigger population resulting an even less income creating a poorer wage.
The MEDC'S have a slow population growth due to family planning, 25% of the worlds population, so there's less people and more resources to go around. Although the population will double in 80 years time. But that's nothing compared to LEDC'S with an extremely fast population growth, there's hardly or any family planning; 75% of the worlds population. This means there's less resources to go around for more people, resulting in an increase of suffering.
There's an explosion in birth rates that the population will double in only 30 years time. The Market Economies - the rich, developed world with UK has a birth rate as 14 and a death rate as 12; but a 'low income' developing country- Bangladesh has a birth rate of 41 and a death rate of 14; meaning there's more births and less decrease in population since there's less deaths, therefore populations are imbalanced. The infant mortality in the UK is 8 per 1000 and in Bangladesh is 108 per 1000, showing help isn't available for such a large population LEDC'S.
5. The education differentiates the MEDC'S and he LEDC'S because the poverty struck areas are trapped due to lack of education and they can't break through the poverty cycle by working as qualifications are unavailable. The education for MEDC'S is in majority, it has compulsory and full time secondary education (till16).The adult female and male literacy are the same with 99 in all developed countries. Education in LEDC'S is very few having formal education; although the females are disadvantaged since adult literacy in LEDC'S is 45 for males and 22 for females from Bangladesh.
Water in MEDC'S comes in an instant, fresh supply to ensure healthy hydration for life and sanitation. Although LEDC'S have to sometimes travel miles for a little dirty water. They haven't an easy fresh supply of water causing dehydration and un sanitised conditions. Due to 25% of the worlds population don't have access to clean drinking water, it has caused major health hazards in today's world causing high level of illness and disease. Only 8/10 in the world can drink clean water.
There's a sharp difference between the standards of living in the southern poor countries of the world. This maps distribution shows that 8/10 countries of the worlds largest cities were found in LEDC'S south, in places like India, South East Asia, Central and South America, but in 1950 7/10 of the largest cities were found in the north of the MEDC'S, in North America, Europe and Asia. This is due to the fact that many people in MEDC'S have started to move away from cities. This process is called counter-urbanisation.
Some countries develop slower than others due to different supply rates and resources on which they can use to improve their quality of life. This varies between cities, these differences and similarities can be measured e.g. literacy, school population, water supply, overcrowding. The indicator of quality of life is shown by measuring life expectancy, overcrowding and water supply forming an accurate impression. The slow development is due to these indicators of low life expectancy in LEDC'S because of poor health and lack of medical facilities. Poor health might result from overcrowding- diseases can spread more quickly. Lack of clean water also leads to poor health. If literacy levels are low and few children go to school today, the figures for literacy won't improve in the future. The debt countries re-owe making poverty struck areas trapped in a poor cycle. Once countries have lack of resources these countries need to borrow money from richer industrialised countries (MEDC'S).
This causes the country to fall into deeper debt. Slow development is also caused by LEDC'S being prone to either natural disaster like earthquakes, volcanoes erupting etc; or suffered due to wars. Then short-term aids required but later this favour needs to be returned and the countries future faces debt. There are many schemes such as improvement for transport facilities or building hydro-electric damns; but these schemes only help some people and results in a trap of debt slowing the rate development.
DEBT CYCLE
Makes LEDC'S trapped into deeper poverty by owing countries more money from interest and the country cant supply for its own people. This slows down the development of a country.
The standard of living improves if the inhabitants also do so. But it's hard if there are no resources for people to achieve something like education for future careers because LEDC'S hasn't any capital or GNP. There have been other factors deciding either to increase quality of life without the need of money. The 'physical quality of life index' (PQLI) came from the overseas development council (ODC). The PQLI is the average of three categories- literacy, infant mortality and life expectancy.
. Literacy 0-100% scaled as 0 and 100.
2. Sierra Leone with the shortest life span (36 years) scaled at 0. Japan highest life expectancy (79 years) indexed at 100.
3. Afghanistan has the highest infant mortality rate of 162 indexes 0. Denmark, Iceland and Japan with only 5 index 100.
This is a map of 'Physical Quality Of Life' (PQLI) world, it shows how countries with PQLI lie in the 'North', and how the countries with low PQLI lie in the South of Africa and South East Asia.
This shows that low 'Physical Quality of Life Index' makes it become underdeveloped due to many slowing factors; such as life expectancy and infant mortality.
To add to the PQLI the USA widened its variety to include categories of political freedom and civil rights- Therefore the new result was 'league of human suffering'. It shows that more people of an LEDC'S suffer than MEDC'S and LEDC'S will continue being underdeveloped due to the sufferings increasing the slowing rate of development.
The worlds an unfair place to live since there's lots of inequalities such as job imbalance, energy consumption imbalance, female/ male education within LEDC'S and MEDC'S, GNP (Gross National Product) the population, the birth and death rate, dietary consumption between LEDC'S and MEDC'S and life expectancy. The development has been ceased to poverty struck areas because they owe debt to rich countries, from funding when in need of support; and sometimes the schemes they develop aren't useful.
The LEDC'S have the largest proportion of the worlds people, but have only a little wealth to spread, very little industry and energy consumption when compared with MEDC'S. Although LEDC'S have 75% of the worlds population, they only use 20% of the worlds energy, they have just 14% of the worlds industry and the LEDC'S only have just 15% of the worlds population of goods and services. Therefore the result is a large imbalance in world development between MEDC'S and LEDC'S.
MEDC'S only have 25% of the world's population and consume an incredible 85% of the world's energy, also having 86% of the worlds industry and productions of the world's goods and services by value. The resources use by MEDC'S as well as wealth is way out of proportion to the percentage of people living in the LEDC'S.
This shows the great difference of population for MEDC'S and LEDC'S.
In the world urban population there has been growth of cities in LEDC'S. In the past 50 years millions of people from LEDC'S are moved from rural to urban cities in order to find jobs, and a better quality of life. The number has increased due to push and pulls factors, this made 2/3 people in the LEDC'S living in the city in the year 2000. With limited space left in the cities, new comers live on the outskirts of the cities along by rail tracks and roads. Sometimes to make own shelter they use any materials available, these areas are mainly called shanty towns or squatter settlements. The population of MEDC'S and LEDC'S have become imbalanced due to the immigration where the outskirts of cities are homes for people of LEDC'S in numbers of a 1/4 of the cities population.
People living in LEDC'S want to move from their areas- They have push factors such as they have be little factors such as they have little work and low pay, drought crop failure, large family with the land inherited to the eldest child, farms more mechanised, poor services (e.g. education, transport, doctors etc;), little or no entertainment or leisure facilities, the areas isolated, boring, has lack of housing and generally poor quality of life. But instead they are pulled into cities due to these factors of work prospects and wages, exciting are with lots of opportunity, variety of shops, entertainment (e.g. theatres), good services (doctors, schools, etc;) Ranges of different accommodation available and chance to gain a better overall quality of life. There's a trend of countries counter-urbanising. 2/3 of people in MEDC'S are moving away from cities: counter-urbanisation. 60% world's urban population now live in LEDC'S. This migration cause's people from LEDC'S to move on in the world achieve better prospects for their lives in the future. Most of the times its one way migration of rural to urban. Now more than 1/2 of the world's population live in cities and the population will increase.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion I think that the world is an unfair place because the MEDC'S and LEDC'S have such a big gap. The LEDC'S need as much help as possible but the MEDC'S aren't making matters better, since it has far more than it needs for such a small population and obviously wastes which could relieve poverty. The LEDC'S have too little for too many people and needs the worlds wealth shared, although LEDC'S only receive help when there's a disaster and the receives help from MEDC'S which results in extra debt. This causes an unbreakable cycle, causing the richer to get richer and the poorer to get poorer. The MEDC'S should help cut a lot more with their wealth and not make matters worse by making LEDC'S development low down. There are many aid organisations that help and support poverty struck areas, trying to break the cycle of debt. But for the time being citizens of LEDC'S are moving to the outskirts of cities for immediate positive prospects, whatever the way by even living in shanty towns just to be receiving good services like MEDC'S people. In my opinion I believe the poor countries have the rich resources to help sustain the people but it can only succeed to do so if the government weren't so corrupt and put more into debt developing its basic systems of education etc;. In the future maybe the MEDC' will increase as much when urbanisation expands outwards converting the suburbs into towns when the population is too big as it increases steadily.