EFFECT OF MOISTURE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NYLON
EFFECT OF MOISTURE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NYLON REPORT BY FAIZAN ANWER HOZEFA NAJEEB PROJECT ADVISOR YASSER JAFFER PREFACE Nylon emerged as commercial thermoplastics after the Second World War following their remarkable wartime success in the textile field. The large scale production of Nylon plastics grew mainly from the adoption of conversion methods and equipment already used for other thermoplastics, together with the availability of relative cheep raw material for bulk manufacture of the polymers. In this report an attempt has been made to present, a broad but balance picture of present day Nylon plastics technology. The topics follow the sequence adapted for monographs on plastic materials in this report and cover raw materials, polymerization techniques, and properties with an historical introduction and testing. While the emphasis is largely based on the effect of moisture on Nylon 6. In discussing properties necessitate is emphasized to obtain the reliable design data to exploit the unique combination of properties possessed by Nylon. In compiling this report a large number of references were consulted, and those from which data were selected for inclusion are listed at the end of the report. SUBJECT Moisture as a matter of fact affects the polymer in respect to their properties and other areas as well, as water molecules may enter the structure
My aim of this experiment is to recognize which material is the greatest sound insulator along with reasoning.
A LEVEL PHYSICS COURSEWORK In this physics coursework, I have been asked to carry out a practical of my selection and to develop it. I have chosen to investigate insulation of sound, and I would conduct this by adding a variety of materials and by adding three layers of insulation inserted within a cardboard box. I would determine which material is the finest sound insulator by means of a decibel meter. I want to investigate sound insulation, by placing a CD player into a cardboard box along with different materials, one by one, adding the layers on and detecting the sound through a decibel meter. PLAN: Aim: My aim of this experiment is to recognize which material is the greatest sound insulator along with reasoning. I will accomplish this by investigating the sound level through the addition of a range of materials enclosed into a cardboard box and then measuring the level of sound produced. Method: I had firstly planned to measure the level of sound produced with the addition of the materials I will use. Therefore I will be able to attain the level of sound, from the different materials I insert into the cardboard box, and therefore predict and evaluate the best insulating material. Here is how I thought of achieving this, Firstly I will gather my apparatus which are required to conduct this experiment. These include a range of four insulation materials, and
The task has been set to make a hole punch (used to punch holes in thin strips of aluminium) suitable for a student in key stage 3.
Situation and Design Brief Situation: At Exmouth Community College, Design Technology is a compulsory lesson for students in key stage 3 (years 7, 8 and 9). During the course the students will need to be able to punch holes in a variety of materials in order to join different components together - a hole punch is required to carry out this task. The task has been set to make a hole punch (used to punch holes in thin strips of aluminium) suitable for a student in key stage 3. The only constraints are the limited resources and tools within school (unless accessible out of school) and the 40 hour practical construction time limit. As there are no other requirements of the hole-punch, the task is very open-ended; relevant research must be carried out in order to ensure every aspect of the hole-punch meets and exceeds the specified requirements. Design Brief: I will design and make a hand operated hole punch (used to punch holes in aluminium) that will be suitable for key stage 3 students to enable them to make their own 'bolt-together' modelling kit. However, firstly, I will be carrying out research into the design and production of hole punches, a specification will then be written and I shall produce a variety of possible designs and finally develop one idea which will then be constructed. Intended Users When making my hole punch many different people need to be
Communication of Safety In the Design Phase.
COMMUNICATION OF SAFETY IN THE DESIGN PHASE J. MacKenzie, A.G.F. Gibb and N.M. Bouchlaghem Building and Civil Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU (all correspondence to [email protected]) Ineffective management practices, particularly in the design phase, have been identified as a prime cause of the unacceptable accident and occupational health record of the construction industry. The Construction (Design & Management) Regulations requires designers to identify, reduce and control risks to the workforce. However, for many designers the adoption of such practices is still unfamiliar and there is little information on procedures or best practices. Thus, to a large extent the application of such regulations is intuitive and relies on the attitude and behaviour of the designer and their ability to communicate the identified risks effectively. This paper outlines the methodological approach used to measure the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour and value judgements of the parties involved during the design phase. Keywords: Behaviour, Communication, Health, Safety, Design, Management. INTRODUCTION The requirement for increasingly complex projects, more exacting demands in terms of time, cost and quality, fluctuating industry workload and ever tighter fee scales have focused the need for effective communication and management of
The Progression of the Sail Boat from Past to Present and beyond
The Progression of the Sail Boat from Past to Present and beyond Abstract - Objective one Sailing has been around for a long time through history, the sailing boat has been used for trade, travel and the might of war. During the great periods in history the sailing boat has adopted more advanced technologies to dramatically improve performance. To describe this continuing change I have decided to report upon the progression of the sail with a design prospective, looking at the materials used and the general shape and design of the boat through history. This is a nice opportunity for the reader and I to figure out the changes and uncover the design break-throughs, because I am a keen sailor and would enjoy strengthening my design understanding of the sport. I will also try to include the trends and popular designs that influenced the market to see what made them superior to the competition. This report will therefore look at the success of the design progression and conclude with a personal overview on the current situation. - Objective Two In order to compose this project I will need to research into the topic. Sailing is very broad so I will not really have any problems in tracking these sources. For example the appendix shows I used a great number of websites and books. I was even lucky enough to find a program on Channel 5 about the latest materials used in sailing.
A new branch of a major Chinese take away, Wok In, is opening in a local high street. You have been asked to develop design ideas for a range of fast food packaging to be used in the take away.
GCSE Graphics Coursework A new branch of a major Chinese take away, Wok In, is opening in a local high street. You have been asked to develop design ideas for a range of fast food packaging to be used in the take away. The packaging should be suitable for the food, which it shall contain. You will also need to design the surface graphics for the packaging, but costs should be kept in mind. This must include the name of the take away and all other necessary information about the products contained in the package. An outline of the printing and package production processes will also be needed, together with the cost implication for the potential lengths of production run. Aspects such as costs, materials and quality of the packaging should be taken into account. You have also been asked to produce a menu, a bag to carry the food away in and a wrapper for a pair of chopsticks, to go alongside the food packaging. All of these should display a version of the logo and the name of the take away, which you will also need to design. Information about the printing and packaging processes and the costs involved should be given along with appropriate safety and environmental issues. Branch- A local division of a large business Major- Important, large, serious, significant Take away- Food sold for consumption away from the premises Range- Variation Fast food- Food, such as
Sports Equipment -To carry out tests on different types of grip.
INTRODUCTION During this last month or more we have been working on a project called "sports equipment". We carried out 5 tests during this project, which I will explain and give an explanation on how and what we did. The 5 tests were: . Grip (Friction) 2. Tensile strength 3. Resistance to wear 4. Stiffness 5. Density We tested all these on a trainer (shoe). We tested them on a trainer because we had to test it on sports equipment so we thought that there isn't better sports equipment better then a trainer (shoe) to chose, because the trainer has all these things we wanted to test. It has grip (friction) on the soul of the trainer (shoe). For the tensile strength it had a lace on the trainer (shoe), which we could check. For resistance to wear we wanted to check how long the trainer (shoe) would take to wear out and by looking at that we would have found out which trainer (shoe) is better. We wanted to check for stiffness to find out weather the trainer (shoe) is comfortable or not. We wanted to check for density to check how heavy the trainer (shoe) is. AIM: To carry out similar tests to test different types of grip. INTRODUCTION: An athlete will regularly require to construct a good grip, for instance on the running track (so they do not lose they balance over the surface) or the handle of a tennis racket (so when the ball is hit the racket does not twist in
Expedition Skills
Expedition Skills. P1 - Explain the advantages and disadvantages of a range of suitable maps to be used during an expedition including a full description of the meaning of conventional map symbols. OS (Outdoor Leisure) - These maps are popular for walkers and ramblers. :25,000 Advantages: * Distances are easy to judge, this is because of the blue grid squares across the map, each square counts for 1km on the map. * Grid references can be given. * Plenty of detail on the maps, footpaths etc. * Information on terrain and land use. * Suitable for shorter walks. Disadvantages: * Too much detail for novice walkers. Some details such as contour lines are hard to see in bad light. * Area of ground the map covers is quite small. Not suitable for a long expedition. * Hard to handle in bad weather, too large and fragile also. OS (Landranger) - This is a medium - scale all-purpose map. :50,000 Advantages: * The scale is large enough for it to show most relevant detail for expeditions. * Distances are easy to judge, this is because of the blue squared grid across the map. * Grid references can be given. * Contours are clear. * Maps are more robust than 1:25,000 * Suitable for long walks. Disadvantages: * Not as much detail as the 1:25,000 scale as small features such as walls and minor paths aren't included. * Relatively expensive. * Less information about
Investigation into the physical properties of glass.
Investigation into the physical properties of glass. Introduction 2 I have been set the task of investigating the physical properties of glass. Glass is very widely used (20 billion sq ft of glass is manufactured every year) but the methods used to manufacture it and the properties it possesses aren't as widely known. I aim to not just cover the properties of normal window glass but also to cover the different types of glass that exist, including bullet proof, safety, tempered, one-way bullet proof, optical lenses and radiation proof glass. The different properties I aim to investigate include young's modulus, impact resistance, transmittance, reflection and refraction. How glass is made 7, 12 In this section the sources agreed about most things, where they didn't agree it was due to simplification aimed at a younger audience. This is a very brief explanation of how glass is made because the task was to investigate the physical properties of the chosen material. The only manufacturing processes I have covered are the processes that explain some of the properties of glass. Most transparent solids are made by melting and cooling a different solid, when the particles in the molten solid cool and solidify their structure changes and the particles don't have a regular crystalline structure anymore, they now have an amorphous structure with no covalent bonds which absorb
Supply Chain Management
Management Practice Supply Chain Management Summary This report documents an investigation into best current practice of Supply Chain Management. Various methods of materials procurement are outlined in addition to their relevance to examples in modern industry. The report discusses the ideal characteristics of a successful supply chain. From a traditional perspective, this has proven to be based around the development of strong inter-firm relationships among the participating organisations that make up the supply chain. Additionally, a detailed strategy of materials management is proposed for a manufacturer of earth moving equipment; JCB, and a digital camera manufacturer; Sony. Management Practice Supply Chain Management Materials procurement from the 60s to the 90s Although developed prior to this period, Henry Ford introduced a strong foundation for businesses of the 1960s with Vertical Integration. Ford attempted to control all of the operations in his business by buying other companies in the distribution channel. The Ford Motor Company owned the suppliers up the channel in backward integration and down the channel in forward integration, thereby gaining total control of all stages of the process from raw material extraction to finished car showrooms. Organisations of the 1960s maintained this Vertical Integration structure, in addition to somewhat adversarial