Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park

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Information about Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park

Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park is found in south of west Java, Indonesia where the river of Cimacan lies. The park is situated between longitudes 106°51'-107°02' East and latitudes 6°41-6°51' south. It is shared between the regencies of Bogor, Cianjur and Sukabumi. The park is on the island of java. The park can reach about 1000 to 3000 meters above sea level, has an area of 15 000 hectares and more than 80% covered by forest.

Indonesia is located in the Asian Archipelago, the world's largest archipelago, between Indochina and Australia, between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park was one of the first national parks to be established in Indonesia, and established under a declaration made by the Minister of Agriculture for "The Republic of Indonesia" on 6 March, 1980. Since then many Indonesian and foreign scientists have visited the national park and, as a result these mountains are one of the most well researched tropical forest systems in the world. Gunung Gede Mountain is 2,958 meters high and it is a part of the volcanic chains that is from Sumatra to Sunda. The river Cimacan flows down the Gede volcano.

The Annual rainfall in the Gunung Gede national park is pretty high. The average is in the range of 3.000- 4.200 mm per year, making the area one of the wettest parts of Java. The rainy season occurs from October to May, the monthly average of 200 mm rising to over 400 mm in the period from December to March. The dry season occurs from June to September, rainfall dropping to below 100 mm per month. So we can say that the river of Cimacan

Hypothesis

Measurements we will take:

* River Depth

* River Velocity

* Bed load size - Short axis

-Long axis

* Bed load angularity

* River gradient (angle of slope)

Hypothesis 1: River depth

-As the river flow downstream the river depth increases.

Justification: The river depth increases because of the 3 process of erosion will take place (Corrasion, Attrition, and Corrosion). Fine light material held in suspension rubs against the river bank wearing it away (corrasion). Then there will be materials (large boulders) moved along the bed of the river forming the banks and bed of the river (Attrition, Corrosion) and with the addition the sheer force of water hitting the banks of the river as the river flow downstream this can cause the river depth to increase.

Hypothesis 2: River Velocity

-As the river goes downstream the velocity increases.

Justification: The velocity of the river going downstream increases because the water flows in a certain direction which then leads to an increase in velocity due to the gain of energy. As the river goes downstream the body of the river grew larger this means that there is less relative friction, this leads to an increase of velocity. Many tributaries join the river as it goes downstream this may also increases the volume of water flowing in it, this could lead an increase of velocity.

Hypothesis 3: River gradient (angle of slope)

-As the river flows downstream the angle of the slope decreases.

Justification: A river with a high gradient loses height quickly and is typically fast flowing. A river with a very gentle gradient loses very little height and is typically a slow flowing river. As the river flows from its source in mountainous area to its mouth at sea level, the river gradient will change from sharp and hilly to gentle and flat this means that the angle of the slope decreases.

Hypothesis 4: The Bed load size

-As the river flows downstream the bed load size will decrease

Justification: As the river flow downstream the process of erosion will take place. So clearly we can say that the bed load size will not be larger or be the same it will instead become smaller since the process of attrition ( material is moved along the bed of a river, collides with other materials, and breaks up into smaller pieces), and corrosion (some rocks forming at the banks and a bed of a river but later on dissolved by acids in the water) will take place, reducing the bed load size.
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Methodology: River depth Measurement

. To measure the river depths set out the ranging pole and carefully connect each of the 3 parts (Top, middle, end).

2. To measure the depth you must measure the width first (The depths of the river change along the width of the river. We need to know the width of the river so that we can know the pattern of the rivers bed).

3. Put both ranging poles on the very edge of the river bank not in the river!

4. After that use a ...

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