Research on Volcanoes
Volcano A volcano is an opening, in the planet’s surface which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from below the surface. The name, “volcano” originates from the name Vulcan, a god of fire in Roman mythology. Volcanoes are like giant safety valves that release the pressure that builds up inside the Earth. The Hawaii islands were formed by 5 volcanoes. Classified by the extent of their activity volcanoes are of four types. An ‘active’ volcano is one that erupts regularly. There are about 500 known active volcanoes on Earth, not counting those that lie beneath the sea. A ‘dormant’ volcano is one that has not erupted for many years, although there is still some activity deep inside it. An ‘extinct’ volcano is one which has ceased to be active. A volcanic eruption occurs when hot rocks and lava burst from a volcano; and geysers and springs are actually just volcanoes that throw boiling water high in the air. They are caused by volcanic heat warming trapped ground water. The liquid rocks inside a volcano are called magma and when it flows out it is called as lava. Fresh lava has temperatures from 700 degrees C to 1200′C and glows red-hot to white hot as it flows. The most dangerous volcanic eruption recorded is the eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington. The tallest volcano in the world is the Ojos del Salado, a volcano in Chile. The
What Does An Earthquake Feel Like?
Earthquakes The name itself suggests, an earthquake is the quivering or shaking of the surface of the earth, at some point of the earth. The cause of an earthquake is the movement or dislocation of lava and hot gases under the depths of the earth's crust. When an earthquake is about to occur, there is first a mild movement of the mass of earth, as if it is moving as a cradle. Such slight movements are usually quite a few in number and they serve as warning signals, that, more and faster movement can be expected in its wake. This slight quiver may or may not be followed by stronger tremors, but, if they do, people on earth at that particular point are in for trouble. An earthquake does not appear everywhere at the same time, nor does it appear in all places. There are certain areas of the earth which are more prone to earthquakes than others. This is because, at certain places the earth's crust is weaker than at others, and so, with the movements of depths of the earth, vibrations are felt in the form of an earthquake. Once, I had the opportunity to see and understand the pangs and pains of the earthquake. This tremor was felt in Delhi when I was there last year, on a short holiday. It was a cold evening and all of the children were sitting in the bedroom of our apartment on the fourth floor. While we were just chatting and playing cards, I felt the bed shaking wondering
Reasons for Earthquakes
Earthquakes Earthquake is one of the natural calamities. Its origin can be traced to the early days of earth formation. It is responsible for a lot of damage to living and non-living beings. For many centuries man didn’t know why earthquakes occur and how they occur and to what extent they would damage. He only felt that mother earth was angry with him and so caused the earthquake and he always feared it. It was left to Aristotle, the great Greek philosopher, to relate the phenomenon of earthquake to physical factors. According to Aristotle, when the air compressed within the arch escapes, it shakes some part of the land. This emission is called volcanic activity. When the volcano bursts, lots of lava, gas etc come out of the earth and fail out. This causes pressure and imbalance and results in producing earthquake waves in the surrounding areas. It was thus identified that volcanic activity is one of the reasons for earthquakes. The volcanic activity results in faulting. To fill up the new faults the movement of earth takes place. This causes tremor. The second reason is isocratic adjustment. The surface of the earth has certain raised up blocks and certain depressed blocks. They keep the balance of the earth, when it moves revolving on units of axis. These raised up blocks are washed down due to various reasons and cause imbalance. Then also the earthquakes occur to
Describe the benefits to humans of rivers
Rivers The course of the river The river is a large stream of water. The river rises generally from a mountain or lake in a tableland. At first several very narrow streams of water join together and form one larger stream. This stream gradually widens in its course. On its way, it is joined by other smaller rivers. They are called its tributaries. At last the river falls into a sea, lake or another river. The mouth of the river becomes very wide. A river generally receives its water by the melting of snow on mountains. Sometimes it is fed by rain. Usefulness The river is of great use to us. It helps us in many ways. It flows through many places. It makes them fertile. Prosperous cities are all situated on the banks of rivers. Ancient civilizations flourished in some river valleys. It helps agriculture The river is of great help to farmers. In some countries, there are many rivers. Crops grow there in plenty. So famine is very rare there. Irrigation is possible easily where there is a river. Irrigation helps agriculture. It makes the country healthy The places by the side of a river are generally healthy. A country suffers from malaria and other diseases if there is no river in it. If gives water The river supplies us with drinking water. The water-works of the municipalities generally get their supply of water from rivers. We can bathe in a river. We can also wash
What caused the Indian Ocean Tsunami to be so devastating?
“What caused the Indian Ocean Tsunami to be so devastating?” On 26th of December 2004, a great earthquake caused a tsunami which became a cause of 230,000 deaths, 125,000 injuries and 1,690,000 homeless people. This was one of the biggest disasters of the decade. The tsunami caused problems in all areas including social, economic, political and environmental. The social causes which made this tsunami a complete disaster were the naivety of people by ignoring warnings and staying close to the coast and beaches. Also the wealth of people meant this tsunami was devastating. In India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand; 40% of their population is below the poverty line. This again meant lack of awareness and protection. Also they did not have money to recover or have insurance due to being poor. This meant lots of people were permanently homeless and this led to economic problems. Economic causes were that the governments were in debt already and the damage meant they could not recover quickly so it became a long term effect. Some of the political causes were trade and aid. The aid was very slow from the governments and for a lot of these countries trade was their main source of wealth and with the tsunami a lot of trade ways and goods were destroyed so the countries suffered. Environmental causes were lack of trees and nature as they hold soil together to prevent
Does Global Warming Exist?
Does Global Warming Exist? All people have different believes, but there are many signs that show that Global warming exists. Strange weathers, increasing temperature, poles and glaciers melting are happening because of the global warming. Some claim that this is a normal reaction for Earth. Metro asked two people in town, if they believe in global warming and what they think of it. "I don't really know so much about global warming in detail. But I do know that the temperature is rising constantly and that makes a lot of damage. To be honest I don't think that that has to do with the Earth developing. Global warming can be the problem here." Robert, 19 years, Stockholm. "I am not worried about the global warming; in fact I don't really think that it exists. It's wonderful that the temperature is rising. I prefer summer than winter. When the temperature increases there will be more warm countries to visit. Maybe I could get a job easier here in Spain as tourism will grow even more. I look forward discovering the new warmth." Raul, 21 years, Madrid. Letter from a scientist by the name Claus Hentzel: "Dear Metro, I hope you all will read what I've got to say. For the past few years scientists have measured that the temperature has increased with 0,2 degrees Celsius. The amount of CO2 in percent has increase in the air. How do we know if this is due to global warming?
Kobe Earthquake
Report by Mohamed Aidarous 9O
Equatorial Rainforest.
Form 5B2 02/11/03 Geography Khamal Hodge Geography Midterm Assignment Equatorial Rainforest is the name given to the area in which luxuriant, evergreen, broad-leafed vegetation is dominant. This vegetation grows in profusion 0º to 10º north and south of the Equator and is termed selva. This type of vegetation grows as a result of the daily heavy rainfall (over 2500 mm per year). As equatorial rainforests are located in the equatorial zone the sun is nearly always overhead. This results in high temperatures, usually around 27ºC and speeds up the rate at which the plants can photosynthesise. In equatorial rainforests it is also very humid (80% and above). Examples of equatorial rainforest are the Amazon Basin and the Zaire Basin. Other examples can be found in Indonesia and the East Indies. In the rainforest, many species grow in a relatively small area. There are areas where over 40 species may grow in a hectare. Trees in the rainforest grow in layers. The layers are the Upper Layer (54 m high), the Middle Layer (15 m to 45 m) and the Under Layer (5 m to 15 m). The trees in the Upper Layer form a thick canopy with their leaves, which blocks 95% of the sunlight. This means that the trees and plants in the Middle and Under Layers have to be shade tolerant. These shade
Is East Leake A Town Or A Village?
Introduction and Aims East Leake is a settlement, which is located 4.85 miles North of Loughborough, and 8. 55 miles South of Nottingham. This is clearly shown in the map below: East Leake is only about 10-15 minutes away from Loughborough this means that there is easy access to Loughborough train station. The train station has links to all major stations including London, which would take around 1 hour and 50 minutes to get to. East Leake also has access to the number 1 bus route to Loughborough and Nottingham. In the table below I will show distances from East Leake to all villages used within the survey. Village/ Town Distance from East Leake (Miles) Gotham 3 Costock .3 Wysall 3.4 Barton 3.5 Clifton 9.6 Kegworth 8.1 Loughborough 8.1 West Leake 2.1 Normanton 5 From the question 'Is East Leake a town or a village' I feel that I should be trying to collect and present information to prove whether East Leake is a town or a village. To do this I am going to use information discovered from the field trip; this includes location maps, traffic surveys and a questionnaire. I will also use photos from the field trip and annotate them to show and explain my ideas. On the location map I will indicate high/low order shops this will be one of the most conclusive pieces of evidence to answer if East Leake is a town or a village. Definition of a Village:
Using examples you have studied, compare and contrast the impacts of an Earthquake in an MEDC and a LEDC?
Using examples you have studied, compare and contrast the impacts of an Earthquake in an MEDC and a LEDC? Earthquakes are a common occurrence around the world, happening along the plate boundaries under the Earth's crust. The Alaskan earthquake occurred on Good Friday, March 27th, 1964, and is an example of a MEDC Earthquake. It was the largest earthquake ever recorded in North America. Sources vary as to the magnitude of this earthquake, in part because a variety of scales are used to measure earthquake. The USGS gives it a 9.2 Mw, where Mw is the moment magnitude. The epicentre was located between Valdez and Anchorage, near Prince William Sound. The earthquake occurred on a thrust fault. This fault was a subduction zone, where the Pacific plate plunges underneath the North American plate. The first slip occurred at a depth of 30 km. the Earthquake was so powerful that some of the most potent seismic waves where created. The sudden uplift of the Alaskan seafloor caused a tsunami, which was responsible for 122 of the 131 deaths. The tsunami reached the Hawaiian Islands. The tsunami also struck Crescent City, California, killing five people. The earthquake also caused ground liquefaction, whereby the soil and sand temporarily turned from a solid to a liquid state. Rockslides and avalanches occurred as a result of the liquefaction. Some of the landslides occurred in
