Physical Geography Earth revision notes

Transfer-Encoding: chunked EARTH Key terms L’Aquila – Italy Key facts Occurred on 6th April 2008 at 3:32am . 6.3 on the Richter scale and focus was 9.4km deep . 70,000 made homeless . 300 died and 1500 injured . Cause Occurred at a destructive plate margin . Between Eurasian and African plates . The African plate was sub ducted by the Eurasian plate (went underneath) Primary Effects In Onna , 8/10 buildings were destroyed and 1/10 people were killed . Up to 1000 buildings were destroyed including the L’Aquila cathedral and fossa bridge . Fires were caused and spread extremely quickly , most people were asleep so didn’t notice the fire until it was too late . Secondary Effects The after shock was up to 5 on the Richter scale and this caused more deaths and damage . A landslide was created because of a broken water pipe in Paganica , this killed and injured more people . Immediate responses There was a camp for the homeless which had food and medical care , and the army were called from all over Italy to help rescue people . Cranes/diggers helped remove rubble slowly as there could be people underneath . Dogs were also sent in for extra help . Long term responses . Italy spent $15 billion on repairs . Many people were made redundant because their work places has collapsed . The aftershocks meant the rescuers had to run in and out of the

  • Word count: 10074
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Geography
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Morpeth Coursework

Is the quality of the environment equally good in all parts of Morpeth? Chapter 1 - Introduction This enquiry will test the question "Is the quality of the environment equally good in all parts of Morpeth?" In simpler terms this means, are the surroundings in Morpeth as good as each other. I am investigating this topic because I have not yet studied towns or cites and I feel this would be a good opportunity to find out what cause certain environments to increase or decrease the quality of the environment. this investigation will include; the amount of traffic in different areas, noise pollution, air pollution, the general quality of the environment, litter count, number of pedestrians per area, vandalism and graffiti. By analyzing these different factors I can explain clearly the answer to the question. Here are two maps that I have described in detail where the key features are; A map to show the key feature in the United Kingdom A map to show key feature in and around Morpeth Morpeth is situated in the Northern east of England in Northumberland. It's approximately 15 miles north from Newcastle upon Tyne and 5 miles west of the North Sea. The River Wansbeck flows through Morpeth into the North Sea. It is exactly 7.5 miles north to the Newcastle International Airport and is 1-2 miles east from the A1 main road. This shows that Morpeth

  • Word count: 8914
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Geography
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how brent fits the burgess model

. Introduction * The location of Brent in Greater London 3 * Urban Models 5 * Aims of the investigation 11 * Applying the Burgess model to Brent 12 * Hypotheses 14 2. Methods 15 * Choosing sites around Brent 15 * Methods of collecting Primary data 16 * Methods of collecting Secondary data 19 3. Results and Analysis 20 * Primary data: Results from the 5 sites 20 * Secondary data: Demographics 44 * Secondary data: The geography of Brent 48 * Secondary data: The value of land 53 * Secondary data: The history of Brent

  • Word count: 8575
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Geography
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An Investigation Into Kingston Area Shopping Centres and Their Patterns of Use

An Investigation Into Kingston Area Shopping Centres and Their Patterns of Use Name: Simran Singh Kooner Examination Candidate Number: 3572 School's Name: Tiffin School Centre Number: 14429 CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION AND AIM- SECTION 1.....................................................................3-11 DATA COLLECTION AND RECORDING- SECTION 2.................................................12-16 DATA PRESENATION- SECTION 3........................................................................17-38 ANALYSIS - SECTION 4........................................................................................39-55 CONCLUSION - SECTION 5...................................................................................55-58 INTRODUCTION AND AIM- SECTION 1 Background Knowledge on Kingston upon Thames The Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames is a suburban town, situated within Greater London to the southwest of the capital. Kingston is located in the southwest of London, in the county of Surrey. Located on the bank of the River Thames providing bridging and nodal points, the town extends some way along the side of the river, although it does not extend over to the area on the other side of it. Some of the surrounding boroughs include: Richmond upon Thames, Sutton, Esher and Croydon. Kingston is superb example of a town with strong historical

  • Word count: 8335
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Geography
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Urban regeneration

Afzol Ahmed Candidate number: 4012 Centre ID: 13212 Introduction * Sequence of investigation Page 3 * Purpose of Study Page 4 * Identify the location Page 5 * About Stratford City Page 8 * Brownfield Site Page 9 Data Collection (Method) * Nature of information and data required Page 10 * Method table Page 11 * Survey Page 14 * Survey method explained Page 15 * Group interview with project directors... Page 17 * Environmental quality index explained Page 20 * Traffic Survey explained Page 22 Data analysis and presentation * Survey Page 23 * Environmental Quality index Page 39 * Traffic Survey Page 42 Conclusion) Page 43 Sequence of investigation: I have created the flow chart below to show a rough outline of the steps I will take in order to carry out my investigations. Investigating the impact of Stratford city redevelopment Purpose of study: As a class, we have decided to base our hypotheses for our GCSE Geography coursework on the development of Stratford City.

  • Word count: 7924
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Geography
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Geography - Ivestigation of the River Colne, Buckinghamshire

25 Pages Introduction Pages 3-6 Hypotheses (at top of page): Page 3 Maps of Location of River: Page 4 3D map of river: Page 6 Methodology: Pages 6-8 Data Presentation: Page 8-19 Raw Data Table: Pages 8-9 Photos: Pages 10-14 Volume of flow: Proportional Line map: Page 15 Width, Depth, Velocity and Volume of Flow Graphs: Pages 16-17 Vegetation and Height Above Sea Level Graphs/Charts: Page 18 Differences in Height Above Sea Level Graph: Page 19 Data Analysis: Page 19-22 Hypothesis 1: Pages 19-20 Hypothesis 2: Pages 20-21 Hypothesis 3: Pages 21-22 Conclusion: Page 22 Evaluation: Pages 22-25 Final Conclusion: Page 25 Bibliography: Page 25 I formulated my hypotheses based on my current knowledge: * I expect the river to get wider and deeper as it flows downstream because it will be joined by tributaries, and other water e.g. from rainfall, so the volume of water in the river will increase, therefore the width and depth of the river must increase to accommodate this extra water. The extra water will also entail more hydraulic action, so the banks of the river will be eroded more, and more water also means more sediment. This sediment will also erode the banks more; rocks carried by saltation or traction will erode the bed, making the river deeper,

  • Word count: 7473
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Geography
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Cliff erosion in East Sussex - the processes, problems and solutions.

Index Introduction page 3 Summary of Coastal Erosion and Weathering page 4 Rottingdean page 5 Peacehaven page 7 Newhaven West page 9 Newhaven East page 11 Cliff Retreat rates page 13 Problems of Cliff Retreat page17 Solutions for Coastal Erosion page 19 Cost Benefit Analysis page 23 Questionnaire page 24 Questionnaire Results page 25 Questionnaire Analysis page 26 My solutions for the sites page 27 Lewes

  • Word count: 6997
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Geography
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Geography- Whistable Coast Project

GCSE Geography Coursework Coastal Management at Whistable Does Long shore Drift exist in the Whistable (North Kent) Coast? Name: Hari Kumar Form: 10C Candidate No: 5104 School: Dartford grammar school Centre No: 61103 Coastal Management at Whistable Hari Kumar 10C - England Chapter 1- Introduction Geographical Background-The Theme of my investigation is Coastal management in Whistable. Coastal management is the act of stopping or slowing down natural processes such as erosion, this is done by using different types of coastal management such as sea wall and groynes. There are several different themes and ideas that revolve around the coast. One is the idea of coastal erosion; there are four main types of coastal erosion. And they are Hydraulic (the constant force of the waves crashing against the shore), Abrasion (where material being carried by the waves wears away the cliff), Attrition (this is where rocks and pebbles being carries by the wave are smashed against each other) and Corrosion (where acidic solutions in the water dissolve away the rock). The Weather conditions at the time of the trip were: Very windy, Cloudy with a couple of sunny spells. The direction of the wind was South- west and the wind speed was around 20mph. The two processes of transportation and deposition happed due to two different types of waves, Constructive

  • Word count: 6235
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Geography
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To delimit the edge of the Central Business district of Nottingham along a transect line

Aim: To delimit the edge of the Central Business district of Nottingham along a transect line. Objectives: I will investigate three parameters, which will enable me to attain my aim. The parameters include: . Number of pedestrians (teacher directed) I will investigate whether the amount of pedestrians will change along the transect line. This will indicate where the edge of the CBD meets the edge of transition. Hypothesis 1 - I predict that the number of pedestrians will increase as I get closer to the CBD. 2. Length of shop frontages I am going to investigate whether the length of shop frontages changes along the transect line and therefore gives an indication of where the edge of the CBD meets the zone of transition. Hypothesis 2 - I predict that the closer I get to the CBD (Site 9) the longer the shop frontages. 3. Environmental quality I am going to investigate whether the environmental quality changes along the transect line; this will determine where the edge of the CBD is. Hypothesis 3 - I predict that the environmental quality will deteriorate away from the CBD towards site 1. Justification of: * Hypothesis 1 - The CBD in Nottingham is nearly all pedestrianised and contains large shopping centres such as the 'Victoria Centre.' People enter the CBD for work and to shop. Further towards site 1, the land use is mainly housing, and there is less retail and

  • Word count: 6107
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Geography
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Should the coast between Overstrand and Sheringham be protected at any cost, or should nature be allowed to take its course?

By Neill Patel Mill Hill County High School - 12262 Year 10 - Geography Coursework Should the coast between Overstrand and Sheringham be protected at any cost, or should nature be allowed to take its course? Contents Section Page Part 1 - Introduction 2 Part 2 - Methodology 6 Part 3 - The Problem & Management 9 Data Presentation and Interpretation 12 Part 4 - Evaluation and Conclusion 27 Part 5 - Bibliography and Appendices 31 Part 1 Introduction Part of the Geography GCSE syllabus contains coursework that relates to Coastal defenses around the Norfolk coastline. The purpose of the coursework is to establish whether the value of the coastline in the study areas justify the money spent protecting them? Or should nature be allowed to take its course? The 3 areas studied are shown on the map below: (Figure 1) The North Norfolk coastline is designated an area of outstanding natural beauty and is 68km in length, a coastal frontage stretching from Holkham in the west to Horsey in the southeast. Sheringham (Grid ref. TG159436) is the second largest cliff-top settlement on the North Norfolk coastline. West Runton (Grid ref. TG186432) has important geology, being an area of several important archaeological finds. Overstrand (Grid ref. TG24741) is a small village; it is import due to the experimental nature of a lot of its sea defences. Below are

  • Word count: 5228
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Geography
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