Water Resource Management Challenges In the Republic of Niger And Indiana of the United States

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                                                                Dong, Jiajia

Water Resource Management Challenges In the Republic of Niger And Indiana of the United States

Introduction 

With the advance of economy and the improvement of technology, people’s living standards have grown steadily. As the water is the most fundamental element of life, demand of water has increased significantly. People use water everywhere for agriculture, industry, and daily life. However, the water supply is finite in the world. According to the article “Freshwater Crisis”,the author states that there is 70 percent of water on the planet for total, 2.5 percent of water is fresh, and 1 percent is available for people using. (“Fresh water Crisis,”) That means, not all fresh water on the planet is available for human, because of most water resources is not that easily to get. Water from lakes, rivers could be fresh water for human demand. But the water from saline and ocean-based is not for human using. So that, water resources are limited on the planet. Most countries that includes developed countries and developing countries face the water resources crisis. Especially, the countries in the         Sub Saharan Africa has much less water than other areas of the world. The writer mentions that Sub-Saharan Africa only have 5% freshwater to use for a year, even though it improves their water supplies, it would not get high position. (P177) Depend on different countries; the situations of countries are different. Developed countries have high technology to manage water supply, such as the United States. But the situation of Sub-Saharan Africa is much worse than America, such as Niger. Both of these countries face on water resources challenge that caused by water crisis.  

Challenges in the Republic of Niger

The challenges of water resources management in Niger are unbelievable. As everyone knows, Niger is one of the least developed countries. Also, it is an inland country, which located at the south part of Sub-Saharan Africa. Majority area in Niger is desert that lead to high temperature and lingering drought. The Niger River become to the main freshwater resource for human using. Therefore, the Niger’s special geography has water resources management challenges on agriculture, economic status, and society.

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First of all, the water resources management challenges on agriculture are austere. Agriculture water using is taken from the only 1 percent of total water, and it became to the largest user. Professor Martins’ (2001) research found that, water using for agriculture irrigation is 5-10,000 m3/ha/yr that consumes half quantity water each year from the Niger River. It shows that irrigating plants is the primary water user, and it is also a method to manage water resources. Because of water irrigated plants, then back to the soil become the water cycle. In addition, rainfall as another water resource to impact ...

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