Causes and Effects of Migration

Causes and Effects of Internal and External Migration Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. We can divide it into two different parts. Internal migration which is rural(towns) to urban(cities). For example, Oakham to Manchester and external migration also can be said as international migration which is the movement from one country to another. For example, Turks to Germany or Mexicans to USA which I am going to talk about it as we go on. People migrate for two reasons. Firstly, they may wish to get away from the things that they do not like. These are called push factors and include:- * not enough and poorly paid jobs * old and poor quality houses * natural disasters - earthquakes, volcanoes, wars * few oppotunities - shopping centers, cinema, food, schools, hospitals * poor transport Secondly, people are attracted to the things that they do like. These are called pull factors and include:- * more and better paid jobs * new and good quality houses * better education - more oppotunities * improved medical care * better transport Now I am going to talk about the rural-urban migration in Britain. During the Industrial Revolution of the nineteenth century, many people in Britain were either forced to leave the countryside caused by push factors or attracted to the growing towns caused by the pull factors. Between about 1930 and 1980 there

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Tourism in Greece

Info about tourism in Greece Greece mainland and the Greek islands are one of the favourite holiday destinations in Europe. In fact, Greece comes in the 15th place in the world rating of tourist destinations, since, according to the National Statistical Service of Greece, it receives more than 15 million tourists every year, after countries such as the USA, China, Spain and Great Britain. Most tourists come to Greece from Europe, especially the EU countries, and from the USA, while fewer originate from the other continents. In 1989 and 1991, approximately 90% of the tourists to Greece were Europeans, in particular German and British citizens. Until the mid-1990s, the tourism flow in Greece would not surpass 8 or 9 million; however, 1994 was a determinant year for Greek tourism because more than 10 million people chose Greece and the wonderful Greek islands to spend their summer vacations. Greece is a famous country, popular for its clean beaches and its long history. There are hundreds of archaeological and historical sites to visit in Greece that gloriously depict the country's past. Its landscape is mainly mountainous and the terrain is not very fertile, except for some valleys scattered along the Greek mainland. However, Greece is surrounded by water, in particular the Aegean and the Ionian Sea. The country consists of more than 1,400 islands and islets, but only 169 of

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Epping Forest Coursework

GEOGRAPHY COURSEWORK CARL RENDORA VISITOR IMPACT ON EPPING FOREST Contents Page 3 Introduction, Location & History Page 4 Map of Epping Page 5 Methodology Page 6 Methodology -&Questions I want to answer Page 7 Questions I want to answer (cont.) & Hypothesis Page 8 Data Limitations Page 9 Raw Data Page 10 Analysis and Data Presentation Page 11 Analysis and Data Presentation Page 12 Analysis and Data Presentation Page 13 Analysis and Data Presentation Page 16 Analysis and Data Presentation, Conclusion & Evaluation Visitor Impact on Epping Forest Introduction The purpose of this coursework is to find out about the impact which visitors have had on Epping Forest. Epping Forest has recreational, aesthetic and educational values, so is a perfect place for visitors. I feel that considerable damage has probably been caused to the environment due to the large number of visitors, and it is with this coursework where I will try to find out whether I am right. After analysis of my results I will also try to find ways in which any problems can be solved and bad situation can be improved. Aims: To find out: what attracts people to Epping Forest? ,what activities do people do in Epping Forest? ,what impact do visitors have on the environment? ,how well Epping Forest is being managed? The Location Epping Forest is located just north of London. It

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Outline the factors influencing a rivers flood hydrograph.

Outline the factors influencing a rivers flood hydrograph. A flood hydrograph shows river discharge over a period of time. It shows the response of a river to a specific rainfall event. There is usually a time-lag between the peak rainfall intensity and peak flood flow. There are a number of factors that influence a flood hydrograph. A flood hydrograph is split in two, with the baseflow (which is mostly groundwater flow through rock) and the stormflow (overland flow, throughflow and direct channel precipitation) stormflow accounts for most of the hydrograph. The graphs different shapes depend on a number of things, the flatter hydrographs tend to occur if the storm is light whilst the steep ones when there has been a lot of overland flow. One factor that impacts the graph is the type of bedrock. Bedrock can be permeable or impermeable. Impermeable bedrock, like shale, does not allow water to pass though it whilst permeable rocks such as chalk does. There are two types of permeable rock; porous, which contains pours that fill with and store water as well as pervious. Pervious bedrock is cracked and so allows water to run in its joints. An example of this is carboniferous limestone. A basin with impermeable bedrock is likely to produce a much more dramatic hydrograph than one with permeable bedrock. The basins drainage density is another factor. Drainage density is defines

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What caused the Soufrire Hills Volcano to erupt?

What caused the Soufrière Hills Volcano to erupt? The Caribbean island of Montserrat is situated on a destructive plate boundary. A plate boundary occurs when two of the plates that make up the surface of the earth meet. Underneath Montserrat the Atlantic plate is slowly being forced under the Caribbean plate. This happens because the oceanic plate is denser than continental plate. Convection currents pull the dense Atlantic plate into the mantle where intense heat and friction cause the rock to melt. This molten rock is lighter than the surrounding rock, forcing it to rise through cracks in the in the rock towards the earth's surface. Molten rock or magma gathers under the volcano until the pressure is so great that it is forced up through a vent towards the surface of the earth. The Soufrière Hills Volcano produces a thick sticky lava called andesite. The lava is so thick that it builds up at the top of the volcano in a dome until it becomes too heavy and the dome collapses. When the dome collapses hot rocks, gases and ash are released from the volcano causing the following hazards. Pyroclastic flows are extremely fast-moving flows of lava, hot rocks and gas that flow down the side of the volcano. Pyroclastic Surges are fast-moving clouds of hot ash that travel with the pyroclastic flow. Tiny pieces of volcanic ash are blasted into the air forming a plume of ash. As it

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Decision Making how will we manage the Essex coastline?

Decision Making - how will we manage the Essex coastline? In February 1953 disaster struck Essex. The North Sea flood, a combination of high spring tide and a severe wind storm caused a storm surge. With the tidal surge of the North Sea the water level locally exceeded 5.6 meters. The flood and waves overwhelmed sea defences and caused extensive flooding. Essex, an area hit by subsidence and sea level rise relies highly upon sea defences. Most of the casualties occurred in the province of Jaywick, in Essex 307 people were killed and 22,000 made homeless. This flood also hit the Netherlands, which suffered 1,800 deaths. As subsidence and sea level rise grow worse due to global warming, there is a large chance that Essex if hit by a storm surge again will be very vulnerable. Essex is made especially defenceless as it has also been hit had by isostasy. And this is why I eager you to make a decision upon who we will defend our Essex coastline. There are several areas in Essex becoming increasingly susceptible to flooding. In order to protect these areas action must be taken. This plan provides a long term strategic view on how the balance between losses and gains to Essex can be maintained in the light of rising sea levels, and the flood defence response to it. The plan concludes that Essex cannot be maintained in its present form. Maintaining the present levels of flood

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Managing Road Traffic in Singapore

To manage the traffic flow in Singapore such that it flows smoothly without traffic jams which could result in loss of man-hours which could then result in higher productivity costs, the Singapore government has inplemented measures to manage the traffic flow. Some these are the Area Licensing Scheme (ALS), Electronic Road Pricing (ERP), and the Park and Ride Scheme. The Park-and-Ride Scheme is aimed at controlling the traffic flow in the CBD area. Motorists had to park their vehicles at designated car parks outside the city area. They had the option to take public transport into the city which were mostly located near the car parks. However, the Park and Ride Scheme was not very successful. This can be shown through the 585 parking lots used out of the 7700 created, which clearly shows that most people would enter the CBD area early or just take public transport.This also shows that the Park and Ride Scheme was not very popular amongst the people. Most drivers found it not worthwhile to leave their vehicle parked outside the city and pay for the parking fees. Overall, this meant that there were still traffic congestion within the CBD area thus meaning that the Park and Ride Scheme was not very successful in controlling traffic flow in Singapore. The Area Licensing Scheme (ALS), is also used to control the traffic flow in the CBD. Motorists have to pay for the use of certain

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of south africa hosting the world cup 2010?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of South Africa hosting the world cup? South Africa is situated in the most southern part of the continent Africa, and is now hosting the world cup 2010. South Africa has hosted events any football events like this, however it has hosted rugby, cricket, grand prix and the confederations cup. The world cup has affected the economy, the population and the environment of South Africa, the main impact for the country itself is tourism. The world cup matches are held in ten stadiums they will seat 570000 people altogether. They are Polokwane, Rustenburg, Pretoria, Johannesburg, Nelspruit, Bloemfontein, Durban, Cape Town and Port Elizabeth. Five of the ten hosting the matches have already been built, but have been upgraded; the other five are newly built. All the stadiums cost £1.9 billion, which people may arguably say that that it could have been used on helping the population and treating the large population of south Africa that have HIV/AIDS. The changes made to accommodate the stadiums were, all the building surrounding the stadium were knocked down and people in their houses in Durban were given one week notice, along with buildings trees and the environment were destroyed. Whenever there has been a world cup held in a country, the majority of outcomes were positive. Germany world cup 2006 'The world Cup had a very positive effect

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To what extent does tourism in Majorca fit the Butler model?

To what extent does tourism in Majorca fit the Butler model The purpose of the Butler Model is to look at the way that tourist resorts, grow and develop. The tourist industry, like all industry, is dynamic and constantly changing. Therefore, the Butler Model is a way of studying tourist resorts and seeing how they change over time and in relation to the changing demands of the tourist industry. These changes can then be compared to the predictions as shown on the model. Discovery Stage-A settlement is 'explored' or 'discovered' by a small number of people who later tell others about their experience. In time other people visit and local people seize upon the new economic opportunities provided by these visitors and provide services to meet the needs of these visitors or tourists. Involvement and Development Stage-More tourists arrive having heard about the place by word of mouth, articles in Travel Supplements in papers such as The Sunday Times, brochures or tourist guides. The extra tourists attracted by the publicity and people willing to visit somewhere new will lead to the building of

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Changes in Guilford's Central Business District from 1968 to 2002.

Changes in Guilford's Central Business District from 1968 to 2002 Aim The changes of many aspects of a CBD from the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century had been immense, the changes nevertheless is an important feature of human geography that needs to be carefully studied. In order to achieve my aim I will have to identify the changes in land use from 1968-2002 in the CBD of Guildford and also compare the changes that had been made over the time. I will locate the areas with high and low pedestrian counts, and also the areas of high and low land value, both of which would give me a better overview of the CBD area. It will be equally important to identify zones of recent assimilation and discard to identify the changes. An investigation on the future changes of the CBD of Guildford would also be helpful to reach a higher degree of the understanding of the CBD and to explain the changes as our world today is advancing at an extraordinary pace in recent decays in many areas that already have, and definitely will cause great impacts on our lives. Guildford The understanding of Guildford's economical structure would help us to explain the changes of the CBD since structure of any CBD is largely affected by the local economy. Statistics has shown that the economy of Guildford is relatively good compared to other cities of similar size, Guildford has an area of 104 squared

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