Explaining the relevant rules of law, discuss whether Adam owed a duty of care to Callum in this situation.
Law Assignment Question 7 Tort Law Explaining the relevant rules of law, discuss whether Adam owed a duty of care to Callum in this situation. In tort law there is negligence and within this there is the duty of care element, which helps to decide if compensation should be emplaced. The concept of negligence is a difficult one and has been broken into three separate parts: * Duty of care owed by the defendant to the claimant * Breach of that duty of care * Damage caused to the claimant as a result of the defendant's breach in duty of care. All three parts have to be present before negligence can be proved. One requirement for proving the tort of negligence is that a duty of care exists between the claimant and the defendant. In past cases a decision on whether a duty of care was present in a case was decided within the duty of care "neighbour test" which was created by Lord Atkins this was if by using common sense the defendant could see that an action or omission could lead to the harm of another person, then a duty of care would be present. However this theory was updated and modernised into the three-part test, which consists of three questions. Firstly was the damage foreseeable? Was there sufficient proximity between the claimant and defendant? And finally is it fair and just to create a duty of care between the claimant and defendant? When looking at the case
Unforeseen Consequences.
Timothy Das English HL1- 2 28/04/2007 Unforeseen Consequences No matter what kind of journey we make of life, where we started out will always be a part of us. The greatest place of fortune any of us can enjoy in this world is to be born into a loving family. Unfortunately, in the two stories, The River and The Artificial Nigger, the innocent children that were brought into this world, got a glimpse of how cruel this world can be. These children are neglected as they are in search for some sense of direction. The children are the ones who have to suffer the consequences of selfish parenting. As a result, the child becomes more independent and has practically no one to look up too for guidance. In The River, at the very beginning of the story, Harry, changes his name to Bevel. This can be interpreted as lack of identity as he doesn't know whom he really is. As the parents are often involved in many social gatherings, Harry is often left on the sidelines. He is been entrusted with an external figure, this being his babysitter, who provides his basic needs, in which he hardly receives at home. At home, he takes care of his own self. He makes his own meals, as no one is willing to do it for him. In this story it is clear that Harry's parents are not prepared to foster a child. Harry has not been given any direction from his parents. The behavior of his parents can be
Should cloning be banned ?
Should cloning be banned ? The issue of cloning has always been around in our everyday lives. Cloning was common in movies such as Jurassic Park and The Lost World, where cloning seemed to be an idea of fantasy and not reality. The idea that scientist could just take a little DNA from a dead mosquito and turn it into something that could tower over a skyscraper was very intriguing to most people. On the other hand, there were movies such as Judd Dredd and Alien Resurrection, in which cloning was necessary in order to save lives. That was a little more farfetched, but no less enthralling. The idea of even cloning oneself came up in the movie Multiplicity. The idea seemed common but unaccomplished yet, for who would not want an extra pair of hands or better yet an extra brain? However, these movies are just that...movies. It was not until Dolly, who was acknowledged to be the first cloned mammal (sheep), was cloned and conceived that cloning became an actual reality. It was looked upon in wonder and much skepticism of what would happen next. When Richard Seed, a renowned scientist, decided he was going to clone his fourth wife, mass hysteria arose. Different countries all over the world tried to pass laws to ban cloning despite being unsuccessful. Cloning has potential for untreatable infertility as well as the ability to save endangered species, and it is
We are not born with phobias - a phobia is learnt because it has become associated with an object or an experience that is unpleasant. According to the behaviourist, a phobia has to be learnt
Phobias Thesis: We are not born with phobias - a phobia is learnt because it has become associated with an object or an experience that is unpleasant. According to the behaviourist, a phobia has to be learnt. This can happen in one of two ways: classical or operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is where an object/experience becomes associated with something unpleasant or causes pain/fear. J Watson and R Rayner tested this in a controversial experiment in 1920, in the case of little Albert. The stimulus may be all kinds of things, an object, a person or a sound. By itself it has no effect but once it has become associated with the UCS (unconditional stimulus) and it causes a response, as the white rat did with little Albert; it is called the conditional stimulus (CS) because the person has become conditioned to it and a conditional response occurs (CR). If this response then occurs with other similar objects, then the conditioning has become generalised. Operant conditioning is where we learn from the consequences of our actions. If we do something that brings a pleasant result then we are more likely to repeat that action. This is reinforcement. There are two kinds of reinforcement - positive and negative. Positive reinforcement is when something we don't like occurs and we are comforted. E.g. a parent comforts a frightened child. If the level of
Child A has varied needs and I have planned as shown in the assignment how best to meet his needs.
Introduction The child observed goes to a mainstream primary school is six years old and started year one in September 2005. I have done a series of four observations all carried out during different activities and play settings. To respect confidentiality I have referred to the child as child A. I have found out that Child A has varied needs and have planned as shown in the assignment how best to meet his needs. Task 2 - A description of the needs of the pupil I have come to recognise that Child A needs a lot of adult support. Bruner emphasises the importance of the adult in supporting or 'scaffolding' children's thinking and learning. The Teaching Assistant offers support to the child until they are ready to stand-alone. Bruner also emphasises the adult 'skills' of recognising where and when this support is needed and when it should be removed. Looking at the observations (please see Appendix A & D) child A goes off task quite easily during adult planned lessons such as Literacy and Numeracy. This could be due to the possibility that he finds these particular subjects difficult. As you can see from the observations Child A lacks concentration and interest throughout the lessons and he finds it difficult to sit still for long periods of time, he is either fiddling with a chair, rocking or annoying another child who is sat near him. According to Tassoni rocking
Contextualising 'Closer'.
Contextualising 'Closer' Using context within a play gives background to the plot. If context was not used the play could be set anywhere and at anytime. So the use of context gives an idea of historical, social, and cultural elements to the play. 'Closer' uses context to its advantage showing that the play is set in the 90's. The play could not be set in an older age. A major indicator of this time slot is scene 3, which is an Internet chat room; the Internet is a fairly recent and modern invention so this scene could not be incorporated in an earlier setting. Technology is a major indicator of context with how they take holidays and business trips to New York they talk to about it as though its nothing. Other indications of time we are given are the way the characters speak openly about their sexual activity and how they cheat and move between partners so freely. The biggest thing that relates to context of the 90's is the sexual politics. Within the play whilst the relationships are working or breaking up the sex always plays a lead roll. When the couples are going out the sex between them is ever obvious. When they break up they use the sex against the other as a weapon, saying they where crap in bed, or when Dan goes to visit Larry in his surgery Larry tells Dan that he slept with Alice, just to annoy Dan. Alice and Anna discuss what Dan and Larry are like in bed.
Describe how temperament has been defined and studied by developmental psychologists. With reference to relevant research and theory, discuss the relationship between children's temperament and their early development.
Q: Describe how temperament has been defined and studied by developmental psychologists. With reference to relevant research and theory, discuss the relationship between children's temperament and their early development. Introduction Without doubt, there is a considerable amount of variation observable between individual children's normal behavioural 'styles' or 'tendencies' (and indeed even between children in the same family) apparent from birth, if not before, The notion of "temperament" has been developed as a means to conceptualise and explain the varying traits or dispositions to act which, over time, exert consistent influences upon both an individual child's habitual behavioural patterns and upon his/her earliest social experiences. A popular belief (and one shared by many theorists) is that much temperamental variation is innate: that is to say, that children are 'born different', with such differences being (pre)determined and/or influenced to the greatest extent by biological or genetic, as opposed to environmental or transactional developmental, factors. This report presents a short review of several theoretical definitions and explanations of temperament and its assessment, before going on (briefly) to discuss how temperament may affect the individual child's early developmental interaction both with his/her parents or caregivers, and with the wider social
human development
For a human, there are many stages of development from birth to death. Each includes aspects of physical, intellectual, emotional and social development. Birth & Infancy (0-3 years) Physical development A new born baby has to take easily digestible food such as the mother's milk in order to grow. A newborn baby doesn't have fully developed organs such as the brain, however can hear sounds and tell the difference in things such as the taste in things and can identify smell senses, such as their mother or carer. Infants are born with various reflexes: * A new born baby will turn their head towards any touch on the cheek. This reflex is known as the rooting reflex and this can also help for the baby to get their mother's nipple into its mouth for the baby's feeding. * If you place your finger in the baby's palm, it will automatically grasp onto your finger, this is known as the grasp reflex. * If the baby is startled by something, a loud sound for example, the baby will throw arms and legs outwards, arching the back and straightening their legs. This reflex is called the startle reflex. * If a newborn baby is held upright with their feet touching the ground, they will make movements as if trying to walk. * Infants have the ability to recognise and interact with people. Babies prefer the sound of human voices to other sounds. This helps the baby learn the voice of
In order to fully discuss the statement given by Trevithick it is important to be aware of the history of social work
"Social work is located within some of the most complex problems and perplexing areas of human experience, and for this reason, social work is, and has to be, a highly skilled activity." (Trevithick, 2000,p.1) Explain the meaning of this statement, and consider whether it is an adequate definition of the nature of social work. The aim of this assignment is to discuss the interpretation of the statement given above, to analyse this definition and compare it to others that are available and to conclude by discussing whether this is an adequate definition in relation to the nature of social work. In order to fully discuss the statement given by Trevithick it is important to be aware of the history of social work and to observe the changes that have occurred over the centuries. Social work was developed in the late 19th century with the implementation of the Poor Law Report; this led to the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1934. Prior to this date, Charitable Organisations looked after people who were unable to care for themselves, in partnership with the Christian church. It is questionable whether these organisations offered help and support to people in need, or whether they just hid away societies most vulnerable people to take the problem away from the public eye. In a similar way to the 19th century, social work in the 21st century offers support and guidance to vulnerable
THE TRUTH ON AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING STLYE
Authoritative Parenting Style THE TRUTH ON AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING STLYE General Benefits of the Authoritative Parenting Student ID 80001023 Southern Cross International College Path Education Group (Malaysia) Authoritative Parenting Style 2 General Benefits of the Authoritative Parenting Each day more than three-quarters of a million adults around the world experience the joys and heartaches, the challenges and rewards, of becoming new parents. Despite the fact that most people become parents, and everyone who ever lived has had parents, parenting remains a somewhat mystifying subject about which almost everyone has opinions of which few people agree. But the continuing task of parents in each generation is to prepare children of the next generation for the physical, economic, and psychosocial situations in which our children must survive and thrive. Many factors influence the development of children, but parenting style and parenthood are the "final common pathway" to childhood oversight and care giving, development and stature, adjustment and success. The fit is neat because childhood is the phase of the life cycle when parent-provided experiences are believed to exert their most significant and salient influences: Not only is the sheer amount of interaction between parent and child greatest then, but childhood is the time when human beings are
