Emotional Needs
Here are some of the basic human emotional needs expressed as feelings. While all people share these needs, each differs in the strength of the need, like some people need more water, more food or sleep. One person may need more freedom and independence; others might need more security and social connections. One may have a greater curiosity and need for understanding, while others are contented to accept whatever is told to him/her.
Social Needs
People need companionship, family, and membership of a group, like a friend.
11. How basic needs are expressed and met in different life stages
Hierarchy
12.
Hierarchy is a theory in psychology made by Abraham Maslow, it was proposed in the year 1943 13.“A Theory of Human Motivation”. The Hierarchy if needs is usually seen as a pyramid, which is divided into five parts which are the self-actualisation, Esteem needs, Love.belonging needs, safety needs and the phsychological needs. 14.The higher needs in this hierarchy only come into focus when the lower needs in the pyramid are satisfied. When a person moves to a next level, the level that that person is no longer prioritised. However, if one of the lower needs is not met, the person will go back and re-proiritise that need by focusing attention on that unfullfiled need.
15.The first four parts of the Hierarchy layers are what the psychologist Abraham Maslow called “deficiency needs”. These deficiency needs are:
15.Psychological needs
The psychologial needs consist of:
- Excretion
- Eating
- Drinking
- Sleeping
- Sex
- Shelter
- Warmth
If one of these needs are not fullfilled, a person needs to take the highest priority. The Psychological needs can control a person’s thoughts and behaviours. It may cause people a siickness, pain or discomfort.
15.Safety Needs
When the psychological needs are fullfilled, the next level is the Safety needs, which includes:
- Personal security from crime
- Security as against company lay-offs
- Health and well-being
- Safety net against accidents/illness and the adverse impacts
If these needs are not fullfilled, it can cause a person it’s death or pain.
15.Love/Belonging Needs
This psychological aspect of hierarchy includes emotionally-based relationships, such as:
- Friendship
- Sexual intimacy
- Having a supportive and communicative family
People can get stressed, and depression without fullfilling these needs. People can also feel loniliness which may affect their health.
15. Esteem Needs
People needs to be respected, to have self-esteem and to respect others. People with low self-esteem needs respect from others. Confidence, competence and achievement only need one person and everyone else is insignificant to one’s own success. People who have low-esteem cannot be improved by how they see themselves by simply receiving respect and fame from others, but their self-esteem can improve first if they accept themselves within.
16.The last part of the Hierarchy needs is what Maslow called the “Growth Needs” which is self-actualisation.
Self-Actualisation
Self-Actualisation is the instinctual of a person to make the most of theor abilites and to try hard to be the best they can. A person has a high self-actualisation if they:
- embrace the facts and realities of the world (including themselves) instead of denying or avoiding them
- are impulsive in their ideas and actions
- are creative
- They are interested in solving problems; this includes the problems of others. Solving these problems is often a key focus in their lives
- They feel a closeness to other people, and generally appreciate life
- They have a system of morality that is fully internalized and independent of external authority
- They have discernment and are able to view all things in an objective manner
16.According to Maslow, the tendencies of self-actualizing people are as follows:
1. Awareness
- efficient perception of reality
- freshness of appreciation
- peak experiences
- ethical awareness
2. Honesty
- philosophical sense of humour
- social interest
- deep interpersonal relationships
- democratic character structure
3. Freedom
- need for solitude
- autonomous, independent
- creativity, originality
- spontaneous
4. Trust
- problem centered
- acceptance of self, others, nature
- resistance to enculturation - identity with humanity
Abraham Maslow divided the top of the triangle and added self- transcendence. It is also reffered to as spiritual needs. Spiritual needs are different from other needs.
Maslow believes that all people should study peak experiences as a way or proving routes to achieve personal growth, integration, anf fullfillmet.
17.Definitions of Health throughout History
- no diseases or illnesses
- Historian people wore different clothes, for example, a woman wore corsets and gig dresses and they couldn’t exercise
- Before the invention of antibiotics, people were built to keep out sick people to prevent illnesses from spreading
- Some people may not of had exercise
- When there were surgeries, they didn’t have the right anaesthetics
- Lack of medicine
- Poor education could affect their health because they wouldn’t have known what to do
Folens-Hitsoric
Health Targets
The government is trying to persuade people to live a healthier lifestyle. A better diet, more exercise, and drinking and smoking less can make people healthier.
HIV-AIDS
HIV causing AIDS is proving to be the greatest new threat to the health of the public.
Our Healthier Nations
Some improvement were achieved in the 1990’s but the government has not given up. The plan has continued and has been revised. In 1998, a new plan was introduced called Our Healthier Nations.
The new plan aims to help improve the health and well-being of most disadvantage and least healthy people. It is attempting to improve the areas in which they live.
The plan tries to address some of the problems that are beyond the control of the general public.
- Housing
- The environment
- Pollution
- Poverty
- Crime
Proirity Areas
The government wants to help the public people to overcome these problems. Families, communities and local agencies will be the front lines in overcoming the problems. The government hopes that by providing help, the needs of people can be met.
The problems highlighted in the health of the nation have not changed. But there are now four priority areas with similar aims:
- Heart Disease and stroke reduced by 33%
- Cancer reduced by 20%
- Mental illnesses reduced by 17%
- Accidents reduced by 20%
Meeting the Targets
The proposed action should result in the children, adults, and older people and In fact the whole community, being healthier. The target date is still 2010. As each year passes the state of all our health and well-being improved!
Moonie-History
There are mant ways in which the medthods of improving health care have changed.
- Use of antibiotics
- Penicilin was the first antibiotic to be discovered, they were seen as a cure-all
- Bacteria have adapted and found ways to survive the effects of antibiotics and have become antibiotic resistant
- Antibiotic resistant means that antibiotics are becoming less effective at fighting infections
- Some antibiotics that have been developed may not be as effective and many have more side effects
- Mothers used to be told to lay their babies on their stomachs to sleep after they had been fed so that if they were sick, they would not choke
- Now mothers are told to lie their babies on their backs
- Cot death is the name given to the case when an apparently healthy baby dies in it’s sleep
- And nothing can be found to have caused the death
Culture
Culture is the pattern of behaviour and thinking, people lives in a group to learn, create and share. Such as a group of people who lives and thinks in similar way. People’s culture includes their beliefs, language, style of dress, their food and how they cook it, religion and the rules they live in.
A Culture is:
- Founded on the ability to communicate using language ffor example, babies are born with an “inbuilt” basic structure of language with which they learn the language spoken by the people areound them;
- Sgared, for example almost all the people living in a particular country celebrates many of the same holidays and wear similar clothes; and
- Learned for example ,people have to learn and inherit many physical features and have certain behavioural instincts, but culture is cleared form other member of a group.
The way in which a person developed is therefore influenced by the values, traditions, and way of life and beliefs of the particular society or group in to which the person is born and brought up. Because most cultures do not exist in insulation, they tend to interact with people with different cultures (for example many people around the world use the sme technology, such as telephone and cars). The ability to exchange ideas and resources are usually aldhered to by members of that culture.
It is important that, in any health and socail care setting, opportunities are provided to allow people of different culures and religious beliefs to maintain them.
Cultural Definitions
Some examples of ways in whivh ideas of health and well-being vary between cultures are given in the following section. They ccover just some of the factors that affect health and well-being.
Medical Practices
There are some sorts of medical care that are believed in by some cultures and by not the others. One example is that of jehovah’s Witnesses, who believes that the Bible is the world of God and that the Bible says that blood is special. They do not, therefore, to take in blood transfusions, believing that to take blood is unethnical as cannibalism. In many African societies, girls are circumcised as they enter adoloscence. This involves removing parts of all the expternal of the reproductive organs.
Food Reproduction
The way in which a particular cultureproduces its food is one way in which their health can be affected. For example, the Hanunoo of the Philippines cut down a patch of forest, burn the plant material to release nutrients into the soil and plant gardens to grow food in after about three years they remove the other patch of the forest and allow their healthy environment in which to live as no pollution has been prodced.
Diet
Diet affects the healthy and well-being of people and varies considerably from culture to culture. For example, Muslims have clear dietary restrictions and that are considered to be the direct command of God. They may not eat pork or products such as sausages, eggs, fried in bacon jellies, etc… Adult Muslims also fast furing Ramadan. Jewish people also consider pork or shellfish to be unclean and do not eat them. Food that is accepted in their diet is called “kosher” and strict Jews have separate areas of the kitchen to prepare meat and milk dishes.
Dress
Muslim men and women adhere to traditions are expected to show modesty about their bodies, as hindus ans Sikhs. Muslim women traditionally wear long loose tunic (kameez), very long trousers (shalwar) and a long scark (chuni) or a saree. Muslim girls and women who wear western dress usually wear trousers or long skirts to keep thri legs covered. They wear gold wedding bangles when they get married. They may also wear cultural and religious jewellry.
Physical contact and cleanliness
Strict Muslims forbid contact of any kind between people of their opposite sex unless thay are man and wife. This means that being examined by a male doctor or nurse (or being touched by a driver, male ambulance driver) can be very traumatic. These beliefs apply to hindu and Sikh people as well. However, Hindu religious practice also involved the removal of any physical pollution, such as urine, faeces, semen, and menstrual blood.
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