However alcohol still has a unique and often positive position, reputation and status in our society. This can make it difficult to recognize when drinking is no longer healthy but has developed into more of a problem.
Before alcoholism or alcohol dependency there will be a period of misuse, when the person concerned is beginning to drink above normal levels. It is during this window that, if addressed, it is possible for dependency to be averted and consequently a great deal of future harm and suffering can be avoided.
Exercise: exercise improves our strength, stamina and suppleness as well as our muscle and body tone. If you exercise regularly or if you are an athlete in training, you are trying to make your muscles work better. You want to be stronger if you are a weightlifter, you want to be able to throw a blistering fast ball if you are a baseball pitcher or you want to be able to finish strong at the end of a 26-mile race if you are a marathon runner. Those three activities illustrate three major factors in muscle performance:
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Sexual practice: A sexual relationship is an intimate physical relationship between two people which can help to keep an individual healthy and happy. However sexual intercourse without the use of any contraception may result in an unwanted pregnancy or a transmitted infection, both of which will affect the health and needs of the person involved.
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Other lifestyle choices: these includes, diet, alcohol, substance abuse (the unsafe use of solvents and the taking of illicit or repeat-prescription drugs), stress, working pattern, and social and community networks.
Physical factors:
This includes factors such as your age, environment, disability and health and also genetically inherited conditions such as: dyslexia, Down syndrome, autism, sikle cellanaemia, chrons disease, asthma.
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Autism: Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects how a person communicates with, and relates to, other people. It also affects how they make sense of the world around them. The three main areas of difficulty which all people with autism share are sometimes known as the 'triad of impairments'.
Treatments of autism: currently there is no known cure for Autism. The disorder is treated by working to change the symptoms of Autism i.e. helping to improve the person's ability to communicate and cope with the symptoms and deal with the repetitive behaviours.
Risk factors for autism: Experts estimate that three to six children out of every 1,000 will have autism (some sources cite 1 out of 166 births). Males are four times more likely to be autistic than females; the reason for this has not been determined. Autism does seem to , but it is not contagious. Twins are more likely than other relatives to share autism, and identical twins are extremely likely to share autism (though it may present quite differently in different children).
Causes of autism: Most parents wonder whether something they did - or didn't do - might have caused their child's autism. While it is possible to nail down the cause of autism in some children, most parents will never find a definitive answer to their question. Though quite a few rare genetic disorders and toxic exposures are known to cause autism (or "autism-like symptoms" that may be misdiagnosed as autism), most cases of autism are considered meaning "without known cause." Some of the specific known causes of autism are listed at the end of this article.
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Chrons disease: Crohn's disease is an auto-immune disease. Your overactive immune system chooses to attack your gastrointestinal tract, from your tongue all the way to your butt. This causes painful sores, (like canker sores in your mouth) and ulcers all through your GI tract. It's a painful, uncomfortable and embarrassing disease that never goes away. One of the worst parts of it is its treatment options. They range from strong steroids and antibiotics to immune suppressants to surgeries. Many times, the side-effects from the drugs are worse than the disease itself. This is a life long disease that you always have to have in your mind. Some unlucky people have to watch what they eat forever; some have to take medication forever, all just to stay in remission.
Treatments of chrons disease: Steroids
Steroids are a type of hormone medication. Hormones are groups of powerful chemicals that have a wide range of effects on the body. One such effect is to reduce inflammation. Steroids are usually only used to treat the active disease because their long-term use is associated with a range of adverse side effects.Budesonide and prednisolone are two steroids that are often used to treat Crohn’s disease.
Health factors:
Injection: infection is illnesses such as bronchitis that are spread by the passing of microorganism between people; these could lead to the health factors listed below. Infections diseases or conditions may be easily managed and cured (such as a throat infection or cold or they may be more serious such as flu, bronchitis, pneumonia, meningitis, and measles.
Injury: an injury involves damage to body tissues or organs, perhaps as the result of an accident or physical attack. Some injuries can permanently affect your health; for example, a serious back injury may affect your mobility.
Mental health: it changes the way people think, feel or behave. It covers a range of conditions including depression (much worse than being upset), anxiety (much worse than being worry), obsessive compulsive disorder, phobias, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
Mental illnesses can be brought on by stress, relationships, substance, abuse, social isolation. Many conditions can be controlled by prescribed medication or therapies such as counselling. It is always important to seek help.
Disease or illness: chronic disability or illness
- Chronic illnesses- is an illness or disease that is long term and for which there is treatment but no cure, such as asthma, diabetes or eczema.
- A disability or illness may affect physical fitness, restrict access to varied learning activities, cause emotional distress and reduce social opportunities.
Socio economic factors:
Socio economic factors include income, ethnicity, sense of community and other such factors.
Employment: it is a job allows you to use your expertise and develop new skills and knowledge, which is intellectually stimulating. It also provides you with an income gives you an opportunity to socialise and gives your days a routine, thus giving you confidence and self-esteem.
Income: this comes from earnings, or from other sources such as welfare benefits, pensions or investment, and has a major impact on our lifestyle. An adequate incomes allows us to:
- Afford leisure services.
- Pay our rent or mortgage.
- Afford the clothes we like to wear.
- Socialise with friends.
- Eat a balanced diet.
- Travel to make use of NHS and community health facilities.
- Heat or homes.
- Afford a car and holidays.
Education: learning is something we do from birth. Despite the recent expansion of higher education, levels of participation and chances of academic success are still lowest among young people from deprived neighbourhoods. This report identifies what affects the experiences of the minority of disadvantaged young people who do enter higher education.
Social class: this is the identification of social groupings based on power, wealth and influence. It may influence where you live, the education you receive and how you view yourself and those around you.
Culture: this is when a group of people have shared beliefs, values and customs. Our cultural influences the way we think. The food we eat, the people we mix with and even how we sped our leisure time.
Living condition: if you don’t have a warm, dry house with space for everyone, adequate ventilation and access to clean water, this clearly can have an effect on your health and well-being.
Case study: Rick and Anil
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Anil: anil is 8 years old and he born into a family where his parents had good jobs and enough money for lots of toys, books and computers. Anil learned to play on the computer when he was only 3 years old. This has helped him to learn. Anil always has someone to talk at home because he lives with his sister and grandparents. The family is happy and Anil can go out in his bicycle and play with his friends in the local park. Members of Anil`s family are not afraid of crime in their neighbourhood. Anil is doing very well at school; he has many friends and enjoys school. Anil does not miss school very often.
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Rick: Rick is 8 years old and was born into a family where both his parents had difficulty in finding work. Because Rick’s parents could not get jobs, there was not much money for toys, books or computers or computer. Rick lives in a crowded block of flats on a housing estate. Rick mother does not let him out to play because she is afraid of the crime and drug-taking that takes place on the estate. Ricks mother has periods of depression when she does not talk to rick. Rick is often unhappy because he has a few friends and gets bored indoor. Rick often gets colds and regularly misses school.
Explain how Rick’s physical, intellectual, emotional and social development would be affected by his experiences?
His mother not let him go to play outside so he feel absent and tired because he is not going outside because there are people smile drugs and kill people.
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Intellectual: his parents doesn’t have good job and they doesn’t have enough money to buy toys, and they don’t have computer.
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Emotional: he misses some lessons in the school and he is not very good in school.
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Social: he feels lonely because he is not going outside and he doesn’t have many friends.
- Explain how Anil`s physical, intellectual, emotional and social development on his experiences?
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Physical: he is having good health and he playing outside and he have lot of toys and he has lot of computers he live with his sister.
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Intellectual: his parents have good jobs and they have enough money for Anil.
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Emotional: he has his sister talk with him if he wants anything.
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Social: he has many friends he play with them everyday and his mom let him go to play outside with his friends.
P3 carry out an assessment of the health and wellbeing of an individual
In this section I have used a questionnaire to gather information to the health and wellbeing of an individual known to me. This information will be later analysed in order for me to create a health plan for them.
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Name: Miriam Abdullah
- Age:30
- Gender: Female
- Occupancy: lawyer
- Number of children: 2
- Weight: 7 stones
- Height: 5’5
- Medical conditions: none
Married
Physical health:
- Miriam doesn’t exercise.
- She gets tired very easily.
- She doesn’t like walking.
Emotional and social health:
- Miriam is much stressed.
- She has good marriage but she doesn’t spend enough quality time with her husband as they are both busy with work.
- She doesn’t communicate with other family members when she has problems.
- She feels insecure and sometimes paranoid.
- She spends a lot of quality time with her children.
Diet:
- Skips breakfast.
- Smokes 10 cigarettes a day.
- Snacks on a lot of junk food during the day.
- Doesn’t eat vegetables.
- On the week ends Miriam eats more junk food and gets overly drunks.
Intellectual health:
- She spends lot of time reading for her job.
- She is a lawyer.
- She spends lot of time educating her kids.
- She has a bachelor’s degree and a master’s qualifications.
- BMI is the common acronym given to body mass index; a number calculated from your weight and height that roughly correlates to the percentage of your total weight that comes from fat, as opposed to muscle, bone or organ. The higher a persons BMI, the higher the percentage of fat in their body. If your BMI is under 20, you might be underweight. Between 20 and 25, you are probably at a good healthy weight for your height. A BMI over 25 is considered overweight, and over 35 is considered obese.
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How is BMI worked out? To work out your BMI you have to calculate your weight n kilograms and your weight in meters. Then divide your weight by your height, and then divide your result by your weight again.
- Miriam’s BMI (body mass index)
- Her weight is 7st.
- Her weight is 5ft 5.
- Her BMI is 14.9, she is therefore underweight.
Factors that contribute negatively to Miriam’s health and well-being
- She feels insecure and sometimes paranoid.
- She hates expressing her feelings to anyone causing depression.
- Miriam also doesn’t like walking or exercise.
- Miriam usually skips breakfast this is bad because she doesn’t have any nutrients or energy to keep her going during the day. Miriam snacks on a lot of sweets, chocolates, energy drinks ECT during the day, when it comes to lunch Miriam usually eats a burger and chip and has a fizzy drink with this.
- Miriam diet is really bad as she eat lot of junk food and doesn’t do any exercise.
Factors that contribute positively to Miriam’s health and well-being
- She spends a lot of time reading through its linked to work.
- Miriam is a lawyer and she has 2 degrees.
- Miriam’s intellectual health is extremely good as she spends most of her time tutoring her children (Ali and Muhammad), she also spends a lot of time helping them with their homework and teaching them everyday life skills.
- Miriam gets a lot of sleep and spends quality time with her children.
P4-produce a plan for improving the
Health and well being of an individual.
Based on my evaluation of Miriam’s physical, intellectual, emotional and social life, I shall now set her some SMART targets to improve her health.
S- Specific, significant, stretching.
M- Measurable, meaningful, motivational.
A- Agreed upon, attainable, achievable, acceptable, and action-oriented.
R- Realistic, relevant, reasonable, rewarding, results-oriented.
T- Time-based, timely, tangible, track able.
Long term- something that is long-term has continued for a long time or will continue for a long time in the future. Miriam will need to try achieving this in 18-24 months.
Short term- short-term is used to describe things that will last for a short time, or things that will have an effect soon rather than in the distance future. Miriam will need to achieve her targets in six months.
M1_how the plan meet the health and well-being of the individual.
Based on the fact that Miriam is a mother of two and works full time as a lawyer. I believe the targets I have set her can be achieved because:
- She has a supportive husband at home who will encourage her to stick to the plan.
- She does have some free time in the evenings when the children are a sleep to do some basic exercise.
- The fact that she has young children will be an incentive to eat healthily and exercise as she is a role model of them.
- It will be good for her to stop smoking as it will help her financially, save her money and also improve her health.
- Travelling to different countries will allow her to spend more quality time with her husband and children as a family.
- Going to the cinema can also be turned into an outing for the whole family.
- Reading for pleasure will allow her to forget about stresses of work for a shirt while.
- As part of her job she spends time listening to the problem of others. It will do her good for her problems with someone else for a change e.g. counsellor.
- Miriam has to make breakfast for her children so it would be difficult for her prepare something for her self at a same time.
From the questionnaire that Miriam indicated that she wanted to spend more time with her husband and stop smoking. In addition to these, I set her following targets to improve her health and well-being.
- Targets to improve her physical health.
- Miriam should eat breakfast/cut down on junk food.
- Exercise more.
- Cut down on smoking.
If Miriam eats breakfast, it is very important meal of the day, as it breaks the night long fast Miriam’s body has been through. It also helps to improve Miriam’s metabolism. Unfortunately, it is the one meal that Miriam misses each day because she is in a rush to get to work. Others miss breakfast in an effort to lose weight. But, breakfast can easily be incorporated into Miriam’s busy lifestyle (as she makes breakfast for her children) and it can aid in a sensible weight loss regimen.
Cutting down on junk food would mean that Miriam could avoid all the bad things that come from getting too much sugar (hyperactivity, high blood sugar fluctuations, hunger, diabetes, cavities, weight gain, weakened immune system, etc…) too much salt( hypertension, kidney disease, heart attack, strokes, etc…) too much saturate fat (bad cholesterol, obesity, heart diseases, cancer, etc…) and she would get all the good benefits that come from eating healthy…a good, well functioning digestive system, enough nutrients for your body, energy, weight loss if needed, boost immune system, better health, slower aging process, longevity, the list goes on and on.
If Miriam started to exercise for 30 minutes a day, her health and well-being would benefit in many ways.
- targets to improve her intellectual health
She can go watch movies /watch documentaries rather than soaps.
- Further her qualifications by doing an evening course.
- Miriam can start watching more documentaries rather
Than soaps and she can start going to the movies with her family and friends twice a week.
Taking on further study is about more than just learning and expanding Miriam knowledge, it is also the ideal time for Miriam to get experience and make contacts for the world of work when she finished her course.
Better job prospects are at Miriam’s fingertips when she has the right level of education. If Miriam wants to have a good job and move up in the ranks it’s vital that she continues furthering her education. Learning a foreign language. Every more little bit will help her move up the career ladder. Educations provide Miriam with knowledge and knowledge is power.
- Intelligence- helps you learn nee things whilst having fun.
- Learn about different people and places Miriam will learn about different people cultures and places.
- Laughter- she can laugh whilst watching the movies which will make her more relaxed and help her to relieve stress.
- Educational and informative- whilst having fun, Miriam can learn new things.
- Memory- memorising the movie and the important things about it will help her with her memory.
- Gives families something to bond over – Miriam, her children and her husband can all watch it together and spend some family time together and bond whilst doing this.
- targets to improve her emotional health
- Miriam could start talking to her friend.
- She could get counselling or professional help.
The primary benefit of counselling is that it gives Miriam a safe and secure place to talk to someone about her problems and worries.
Counsellors are trained to be able to listen to her and understand anything, no matter how strange or unusual it may seem at first. The next benefit of counselling is that it places a high value on the worth of the individual. When Miriam first enters a counselling session, she is praised for having the courage to seek help which will make her more relaxed and confident about talking to the counsellor about her issues and worries.
When Miriam starts talking to her friends and family about her issues and worries it will help her mentally as well as intellectually, and also will bring to a bond between her and her friends/ family.
- targets to improve her social/spiritual health
- She needs to go out more.
- She needs to meet new people.
When Miriam meets new people it will allow her to learn about different people interests and hobbies. It allows her to introduce her self whilst she feels eased and welcome. It can also help Miriam with the way she views other people and discover that she has more in common with them than she thinks.
Effective peer- to –peer communication can go a long way toward helping to establish mutually respectful relationships that can not only improve employee satisfaction, but that can boost productivity as well. Miriam is responsible for the success of her own communications. By committing to building strong, respectful communications with peers in the work place or at home Miriam is one step closer to making it happen.
If Miriam remains committed to the action plan, I am sure that she will be able to achieve most if not all of the targets set.
Conclusion
-this unit has enabled me to:
-learn about the everyday needs of individuals.
-understand factors that influence the health and needs of individuals.
-be able to create an action plan to meet the health and wellbeing needs of an individual.
