The Failure of the League of Nations.

The Failure of the League of Nations Include a conclusion from both crises pointing out how it led to the fall of the League of Nations as a respectable organization in solving international disputes. The failure of the League in 1930's was due to the poor actions the League made towards many countries' dispute. The actions made by the league when the invasion of Manchuria and Abyssinia took place, were clear examples that showed us that the League was destined to failure. Ever since the Wall Street crash, the world's economy was in chaos in the 1930's and there was no space left for international relations. Whenever any international dispute came present, countries acted in their interest and so did the league. We are going to see two cases (Manchuria and Abyssinia) where the League failed to act as "a general association of nations." The Mudken (Manchurian) incident marked various list factors that made the League appear weak and useless. In 1932, Japanese forces in Machuria invaded China and the league was appealed for action. One full year later, a report was sent to the Japanese containing verbal sanctions. However the Japanese refused to withdraw and announced to invade more of China. Japan later resigned from the League on 27 March 1933. Member countries acted upon their own interest in the League. Sanctions appeared utterly useless since it lacked cooperation.

  • Word count: 778
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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To what extent was the treaty of Versailles unfair

To what extent was the treaty of Versailles unfair? The Treaty of Versailles was created by Britain, France and the USA after WW1. It was intended to both punish the German nation, and prevent it from becoming a major European economic force and restrict military development. The measures imposed against Germany were £6.6billion in reparations, land which had rich sources of income, military restrictions, receiving the full blame for the war, and the taking away of Germany's colonies. In addition to all of this when the League of Nations formed Germany was not invited to join. As part of the conditions of the Treaty, Germany was forced into paying £6.6billion. This was to repay France for the billion pounds structural damage and the million fatalities caused. This fine was extremely punitive as Britain owed the USA $1billion, so part of the money was used to pay off Britain's debt. After the war Germany's economy was in freefall, and the League of Nations had taken away their colonies, and 15% of their industry, causing Germany's economy to spiral out of control making Germany's money practically worthless. After the war, over 1million Germans starved to death, Germany suffered massive unemployment and poverty. Another condition of Britain, France and the USA set out was to take away some of Germanys land and their colonies. It is clear that Germany suffered huge

  • Word count: 761
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Summary of John Maynard Keynes' "The Economic Consequences of the Peace".

Summary of John Maynard Keynes' "The Economic Consequences of the Peace" "The Economic Consequences is a book written by J. M. Keynes, who was an economist. In this book, Keynes reveal the unseen consequence of the treaty of Versailles on Germany since there is no regard for the economic side of the unsolved problem, followed eventually by a "remedy" or a strategy to stop the problem. The book is begun in the introductory paragraph by blaming Germany for the war, and how it led itself into a continuous devastation. Yet by taking the risk to achieve the treaty, France and England could be completing the process of devastation that might result an irreversible problem that was a lot greater than it was before the peace could be signed... Keynes indicates that England in his opinion is not a part of Europe; that is, France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Holland, Russia and Romania altogether are united and all built upon one foundation without England. Looking upon Europe as one nation, Keynes regards the First World War as a "European Civil War". Based upon this term, Keynes implies that Germany and Austria-Hungary are not the only victims of the Peace of Paris, but rather France and Italy are unconsciously calling out for their own destruction due to the foundation they were built upon with Germany. In Chapter VI, the author pessimistically explains how the economic

  • Word count: 2415
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Which Had A greater impact on the Second World War

Which had a greater impact on the start of the Second World War? * The Treaty Of Versailles * Chamberlains Policy of Appeasement After the First World War moods in Europe weren't very happy as the majority of countries were left damaged by the scale of the war. Germany was forced to surrender therefore for victory was achieved for the French and British. After the Great War a settlement was made which was The Treaty of Versailles which was aimed at Germany, some critics say that it was very severe and harsh towards Germany as they were left segregated and weak without any power, the treaty had dented Germany which all of the European countries wanted. This treaty was the only way to stop Germany and most people in Britain and France wanted revenge. Germany lost most of its empire and was now called Mandates as they were now run by the LON. They also forced to pay £6.6 billion in reparations for the damaged it caused. When the treaty was put into action no one new how it would affect the future of Europe in a drastic way when Adolph Hitler would come into action. He wanted to reverse the results of Treaty of Versailles and put Germany back on the map. However the British prime Minster tried to appease him and give him what he wanted like land and an army but this still didn't work and Germany grew bigger and stronger until it leaded to the Second World War. Freidriek

  • Word count: 1799
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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“The most Important Reason Why Germany Hated The Treaty Was Because Of The Loss Of Territory”. Do You Agree?

st November 2001 Douglas Rubashow 10 S "The most Important Reason Why Germany Hated The Treaty Was Because Of The Loss Of Territory". Do You Agree? I quite strongly disagree with this statement, because I believe the Germans hated other parts of the treaty more. For example, if you look at the economic side of the situation, they might have lost a bit of money from the loss of land, with great industrial areas such as Alsace-Lorraine being returned to France, and also one of Germany's greatest industrial areas, the Saar (with the important coalfield) just being given to France. I think, however the reparations would have put a lot of economic, and probably more stress on the German economy than the loss of great industrial areas. As another example, I will take the German army being cut down to 100,000 men. I would have thought that the German people would have been much more concerned about this than the loss of the land, because if they put one foot wrong, and upset one of the big powers, then all it would need was one invasion from the other country, and with no army to protect them, it would be like Manchester United, one of the best football teams in Europe taking on Tunbridge Wells football club, who are mid-tablers in the local league, there would be no contest. I think that that would worry the German people more than any loss of land,

  • Word count: 1096
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Australia's role in world war II.

AUSTRALIA'S ROLE IN WORLD WAR II The Gallipoli Campaign The Gallipoli campaign was a major land and sea operation of World War 1& 2, in which British, French, Australian and New Zealand forces unsuccessfully attempted an invasion of turkey. The invasion was confined to the Dardanelles strait and the tip of the Gallipoli Peninsula near Istanbul. The Campaign arose with problems faced by Russia; Russia was allied to Britain and France. They wanted to send men and supplies to Europe although this supply route went from the black sea through the Sea of Marmara, then through the Dardanelle straits to the Mediterranean. Though the Turkish whom were allied to Germany and Austria controlled all of this area. The Turks insured that no allied supplies would get through to Russia, and as the Dardanelles was the key to Russia's supply route. Russia asked the British and the French to clear the Dardanelles of Turkish control. The Dardanelles was a narrow stretch of water almost 100 km long The British decided that if they could successfully invade the Gallipoli peninsula it would allow them to open up the Dardanelles, land a large number of troops and invade the rest of Turkey. What initially was to be exclusively a naval affair failed in February 1915 when several British and French ships were damaged by floating mines. A land invasion was then decided on. They formed an

  • Word count: 1732
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand - this gave Austria excuse to attack Serbia after it had failed to agree terms; Schlieffen Plan - once Germany decided to mobilise, it had to attack France in order to prevent war on two fronts.

Short-term causes: Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand; this gave Austria excuse to attack Serbia after it had failed to agree terms; Schlieffen Plan - once Germany decided to mobilise, it had to attack France in order to prevent war on two fronts. Long term causes of World War One - open to debate, but possibly the continuing power vacuum created by the collapse of the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire: this resulted in an upsurge in Serbian nationalism and territorial ambitions of Austria-Hungary Versus Russia. The second is possibly the alliance system. This meant that if one power went to war then the others would be drawn in. Matching these two causes is not difficult...and it is easy to see how a tiny spark could ignite the whole of Europe in war. Third: closely linked the alliance system, the development of massed armies - everyone seemed to be getting ready to fight. No one really expected a long war - except, strangely, Moltke, the leader of the German general staff. Everyone expected it 'to be over by Christmas'. Fourth: disputes between Britain and Germany: rise of German naval power, their demand for 'a place in the sun'. Germany was seen as 'the enemy'. What is more difficult to work out is the fact that most countries actually didn't WANT war! So why did they all get involved? AJP Taylor blamed it all on train time-tables, that once the great machine had started it

  • Word count: 1044
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Account for the German Reaction to the Terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

Account for the German Reaction to the Terms of the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles was the Peace Treaty that brought a formal end to the First World War. The Treaty was an extremely long document and had 440 Clauses and impositions. The German Government was not allowed a representative at the talks in Paris to discuss the drafting of the treaty. As soon as the Treaty was given to Germany the German Chancellor denounced the Treaty in the Reichstag his Government voted against it 8 votes to 6. The Government resigned. The German President Ebert offered his resignation declaring it 'a Peace of Violence.' He suspended all public amusements for a week as a symbol of mourning the Treaty. The new Government accepted the Treaty 237 votes to 138 votes. The harsh Treaty outraged many ordinary German people, when Hindenburg retired he called for 'Vengeance for the shame of 1919.' In the Treaty the population and territory of Germany was reduced by about 10 percent by the treaty. On the west Alsace and Lorraine were returned to France, and the Saarland was placed under the supervision of the League of Nations until 1935. In the north three small areas were given to Belgium; and, after a plebiscite in Schleswig, northern Schleswig was returned to Denmark. In the east, Poland was resurrected, given most of formerly German West Prussia and Poznán (Posen), given a

  • Word count: 1041
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Was the treaty of Versailles a good treaty?

Was the treaty of Versailles a good treaty? The treaty of Versailles bad its good and bad elements to it. Depending on where you come from you will have different views on how the end product of the treaty was. Each of the leaders went with goals aimed at meeting their country views. However, in general all the leaders went from the treaty not achieving what they wanted. As the talks at Versailles went on it became clear that the very different objectives of the three leaders could not all be met. There are many answers to why no one could compromise on how Germany should or should not be treated, being from different areas of the world being a major factor. It was a very controversial issue at the time to how harsh Germany should be punished for accepting fully to the war gilt clause, Germany were forced to do this as part of the treaty. This was something that the leaders (especially Clemenceau) used to their advantage when the treaty was being drawn up. France went away from the treaty looking the worst off. This is for a number of reasons, mainly because France had the most aims out of all the three. France wanted back areas of Germany, which caused a lot of anger amongst German people, and it built up a lot of hate between the two countries. Germany complained that if France took away Germany's industrial areas (which were originally Frances) it would crush the Deutsche

  • Word count: 604
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Which was the most important cause of the First World War? The Moroccan Crisis 1905-1911 The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo in Bosnia in 1914?

Which was the most important cause of the First World War? * The Moroccan Crisis 1905-1911 * The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo in Bosnia in 1914? The definition of a World War is "a war enraged by all or most of the principal nations in the world." The so-called 'Great War' was a unique war because such a thing had never happened before. There were many causes of the First World War amongst witch were The First and Second Moroccan Crisis and The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The most obvious cause of The First World War was The assassination of The Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie in Sarajevo 28th June 1914, also known as the 'Balkan Crisis'. Serbia was at the time the most powerful country in the Balkans and was also a close ally of Russia, Austria did not like the fact that Serbia had so much power and was fishing for an excuse to declare war. So when the Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian gang, this was in Austria's eyes a fantastic opportunity to crush the Serbs. So after Germany agreed to back Austria, Austria blamed Serbia for everything that had happened to the Archduke and claimed that Serbia wasn't doing enough to prevent the assassination. Austria presented Serbia with a 10 point ultimatum which Serbia could not accept, therefore Austria finally got what they wanted and declared war on 28th

  • Word count: 590
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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