Account for the formation of the two opposing armed camps in Europe during the period of 1871-1914. How did the Alliance System contribute to the outbreak of the First World War?
Account for the formation of the two opposing armed camps in Europe during the period of 1871-1914. How did the Alliance System contribute to the outbreak of the First World War? Answer: The "Alliance System" refers to the formation of military alliances or conclusion?? of ententes?? among the European powers during the period of 1871-1914. The Alliance System was first devised?? by Bismarck; it was one of the underlying causes?? leading to the outbreak of the First World War. The Alliance System during the period of 1871-1890 was called the Bismarckian System. In the Franco-Prussian War, France was utterly defeated??. By the Treaty of Frankfurt 1871 France was to cede Alsace-Lorraine, and pay an indemnity of 5 billion francs to Germany. To prevent the French attempt of revenge?? and the possibility of a two-front war, as well as to consolidate?? the infant??? German Empire, in 1873 Bismarck, the German Chancellor??, created the Dreikaiserbund????. The emperors of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia vowed?? to guarantee the status quo?? of Europe of 1871, resist revolutions and maintain peace in the Balkans. Yet it was only a verbal?? statement??. The Austro-Russian rivalry?? in the Balkans was unsolved. At the Congress of Berlin 1878, Bismarck placed Bosnia-Herzegovina under Austrian administration, but trisected "Big Bulgaria" to deprive?? Russia of an outlet?? to the sea.
Compare at least three factors which led to the outbreak of World War I.
Compare at least three factors which led to the outbreak of World War I The 1871 Prussian victory over France saw the unification of Germany and this created a new power in the centre of Europe. There were bitter feelings of resentment between France and Germany after this because as well as defeating France, Germany claimed the province of Alsace and Lorraine for themselves too. The German economy was growing faster than any other in the world. By 1914 Germany's steel output was larger than that of Britain, France and Russia put together. The school curriculum in Germany encouraged subjects such as science and technology, which led to the development of new high tech industries. This new industrial strength was used to increase their military strength; the army was well trained and well equipped. Also it was based on conscription so it always had a healthy number of soldiers. In chancellor Von Bismarck Germany had a very wise and clever leader. He made his foreign policy so that while unifying Germany, he made sure he did not disrupt the delicate European balance of power. He created an intricate system of treaties, however these often had covert clauses. Von Bismarck realised that there was a lot of tension between Germany and France, so he realised that if he could sign a treaty with one of the other major powers in Europe, he would give Germany some security
Hitler and the Munich Agreement. The Munich Agreement was the final policy of appeasement that showed Hitler he could take over Europe.
Question 4: The Munich Agreement In the 1920s and 1930s, Adolf Hitler began his rise to power. Intent on making Germany become a major national power, Hitler had to overcome the terms that limited Germany's power in the Treaty of Versailles. Knowing that he could not overcome them through negotiation, Hitler deviously and subtly began to violate the terms of the Treaty of Versailles to restore Germany's glory. One of the most effective ways Hitler achieved this was by utilizing the antiwar sentiments of the other nations of Europe; countries such as Great Britain and France were devastated by World War 1 and would try to avoid another war at any cost. In 1938, Hitler made an aggressive claim to the Sudetenland in western Czechoslovakia. Leaders from Germany, France, Italy, and Great Britain met in Munich to discuss Hitler's radical claim, and the Munich Agreement was the result of this conference. As Churchill stated, the Munich Agreement was "a disaster of the first magnitude" (Source D); through the policy of appeasement, the nations of Europe helped Hitler succeed in his quest for dominance, further increasing German ambition and paving the road for World War 2. Fearful of starting another war, Great Britain and the other nations of Western Europe engaged in the policy of appeasement. Appeasement is when one nation pacifies another by giving in to the other one's
What were the main economic consequences of the First World War
Making Of The Modern World Economy HIS1005F COVER SHEET Student Name: Brian Lockyer Student Number: LCKBRI001 Tutor: Laura van Wyngaarden Tut Group No: 9 Assignment No: 1 Date: 2 April 2009 Plagiarism Declaration . I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another's work and pretend that it is one's own. 2. I have used the Harvard convention for citation and referencing. Each contribution to, and quotation in, this essay from the work(s) of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. 3. This essay is my own work. 4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. Signature ______________________________ What were the main economic consequences of the First World War? At the end of the First World War in 1918, the economic state of Europe was in such a perilous condition that the impending rebuilding of the continent seemed a remote and unrealistic possibility. The war had devastated much of the Western European economies; the most affected nations were France and Germany, followed by Belgium, Italy and Austria. In addition to the complete economic stagnation throughout much of Western Europe, there were vast regions of Eastern Europe that also suffered greatly. The majority of Europeans suffered in one way or another, Geographical borders changed,
The Treaties of Sevres and Lausanne
The Treaties of Sevres and Lausanne The Period of five years after WWI was a time of turbulent peace and attempts to re-establish the status quo of the pre war times. During this time many peace treaties were drawn up to deal with the defeated central powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the decimated Ottoman Empire. The Treaty of Versailles dealt with Germany, the Treaty of Trianon for Hungary, Treaty of St. Germain en Laye with Austria, With Bulgaria at Neuilly and the treaty of Sévres dealt with the Ottomans. Many of the treaties were considered harsh by the British especially the Treaty of Versailles and the Treaty of Sévres. This view of Sévres was to play greatly into the hands of Mustafa Kemal and his fight for the restoration of Turkish nationalism. The treaty of Sévres meant the loss of Eastern Thrace, the territories of Rhodes and Adalia, many Aegean islands and the Dardanelles were to be controlled. The Turks lost much of their territory in the Middle East especially around Syria and Iraq. The thing that irritated the Turks the most was how much land was given to the Greeks. One such area on the central east coast of Turkey was Smyrna. Smyrna had a large population of Greeks and they were given control of the city. Mustafa Kemal later to be known as Attaturk was by now a well-known army figurehead and as Norman Lowe says in Mastering Modern World History
State the hostility between Austria-Hungary and Serbia between 1878 and 1914. How did this situation cause the outbreak of the First World War?
History Essay (1) Christy Li F.5B (23) State the hostility between Austria-Hungary and Serbia between 1878 and 1914. How did this situation cause the outbreak of the First World War? The First World War took place in 1914-1918. The War broke out because of Sarajevo Incident 1914, in which Austria-Hungary and Serbia conflicted with each other. The incident sparked off the Austro-Serbian War in 1914, which soon turned from a local war to a global conflict, that is, the First World War. Obviously, the Austro-Serbian relation was a really significant factor contributing to the outbreak of the First World War. During the period of 1878 to 1914, hostility was built up between Austria-Hungary and Serbia mainly due to the following reasons: the Congress of Berlin, and the Pan-Slav Movement. The Congress of Berlin was the origin of Austro-Serbian hostility. The Congress of Berlin 1878 was brought about by the Eastern Question, which was about the decline of Ottoman Empire leading to the independence movements of the Serbs and Austrian ambitions of expanding to the Balkans. To solve the Eastern Question, the Congress of Berlin concluded the independence of Serbia and Austrian rule of Bosnia-Herzegovina. The arrangement of Austrian control of Bosnia-Herzegovina upset Serbia, as she wanted to unite with her fellow people there, anti-Austrian feeling
The Road to War: Europe, 1870-1914
A1: The Road to War: Europe, 1870-1914 Questions . a) i) Give ONE reason to explain why the Treaty of San Stefano was disliked by the Great Powers of Europe. (3) ii) Describe the key features of the Treaty of Berlin (1878). (5) iii) Why was there a crisis over Bulgaria in the years 1885-86? (5) iv) Why did tension in the Balkans increase in the years 1908-1913? (7) Answers . a) i) One reason to explain why the Great Powers of Europe disliked the Treaty of San Stefano was because part of the Treaty stated that a large self-governing pro-Russian Bulgaria under an elected prince was to be created. Thus potentially giving Russia access to the Mediterranean and India. It was to be occupied for two years by Russian troops. The Great Powers of Europe therefore disliked this because it was felt that by the creation of the 'Big Bulgaria' it was giving Russia too much influence in the Balkans. Britain and Austria both wanted to preserve the Turkish Empire as it prevented the extension of Russian power into the eastern Mediterranean, which had become an area of great strategic importance for the British Empire since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1866 as the shortest route to India. ii) Under the Treaty of Berlin (1878) the large Bulgaria of San Stefano was broken up into three parts: * the largest of these sections was the core state of Bulgaria, which officially became a
the third republic in france
The Third Republic At the end of the Franco-Prussian war, in September 1870, the French army was defeated at Sedan, and Napoleon III (1852-70) was overthrown. Paris was besieged until January 1871. In February 1871, the New French Assembly elected President Thiers. He repressed the 1871 Paris Commune and was now called "le Liberateur du Territoire". In May 1871, France lost Alsace and Lorraine at the Treaty of Frankfurt imposed by Germany. There were four major crises/problems during the Third Republic: the want of the people for a new monarchy, the Boulanger episode, the Panama Scandal and the Dreyfus Affair. Firstly, I will talk of the increasing support for monarchism. In the first years of the Third Republic, support for a republican form of governing wasn't very high and the Count of Chambord, head of the Bourbon family, descendant to the throne of France was thoroughly gaining friends and followers. He could have established a new monarchy, had he not declared that he didn't wan the tri-colored motif as his flag (he wanted the blazon of the Bourbon family on the French flag). He lost a lot of support and the idea of monarchy slowly disappeared in the minds of the French people. Then came Boulanger in 1886. General Boulanger became Minister of War. He steadily gained support winning elections in the provinces and in January 1889 a Parisian election with a big
Chaimberlin 1937
CHAMBERLIN 1937 People of Britain, You may be thinking why are we appeasing Germany? What have they done that is so good that they deserve leniency and forgiveness? I hope I will be able to answer your questions. First and fore most, Germany haven't done anything good enough to get noticed but if you look at the Treaty of Versailles it basically ruined the country and it was too harsh on the Germans. They have suffered immensely since the Treaty was put in place and many of their Citizens have become bankrupt and homeless. It is our duty as a leading power in the world to realize the Treaty was too harsh and show Germany leniency as a form of compensation. I can understand why Germany pulled out of the League and rearmed. No other power in the world has disarmed and so Hitler felt if no one else is why should we. In a way it is victimisation. With France, the Soviet Union and Italy all surrounding them they will need to be able to defend themselves from any attacks. We also didn't stop Hitler when he sent troops into the Rhineland. We take some blame for this as we were to busy dealing with the troubles in Abbasynia. He had fair reasons for doing this as well since two major powers were surrounding Germany and they couldn't feel safe. There was a ruling in the Treaty of Versailles that Germany may not reunite with Austria but Hitler tried this anyway. He had a point
Why WW1 Started in August 1914
Why WW1 Started in August 1914 War broke out on August 1st 1914 after a series of events finally triggered by the assassination of the Archduke and heir to the Austria/Hungarian throne, Franz Ferdinand, on the 28th June 1914. Convinced that this was a plan conspired by the Serbian government, Austria-hungry issued Serbia with an ultimatum. Unsatisfied with Serbia's consent to most of the ultimatum Austria-hungry declared war on Serbia, July 28th 1914. Russia, because of their small alliance with Serbia partially mobilised her army a day after Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia. This all finally led to Germany's declaration, of war on august 1st 1914, against Russia. This wasn't the only cause though. Where did all this tension in Europe come from? Europe had been tense for a long time now. They had avoided major wars in the 100 years leading up to WW1 because Nationalism had swept across the nation during the 1800's and had become popular with people who shared languages, history or cultures. This new formation of nationalism created the two countries Italy and Germany by uniting their small states to make one, Italy in 1861 and Germany in 1871. Once the countries were formed, Germany immediately started to form alliances. Bismarck, the leader of political Germany, was in charge of these alliances. After the Franco-Prussian war Germany feared the French's hunger
