Questions on World War One.
Questions on World War One To what extent did nationalism within the Austria-Hungarian Empire contribute to the outbreak of war in 1914? Nationalism within Austria-Hungary: a struggle for self-determination. But Austria-Hungary was brave to meet the challenge and to struggle for preservation of the Empire. Result: internally, proposal of extending the dual rule to a triple or a quadruple one; externally, nationalistic rivalries started between Austria and Serbia, between Austria and Russia. Her solution was to annex neighbouring states having fellow peoples within the Empire. It contributed to the outbreak of Austro-Serbian War. But the extension of these rivalries was caused by the alliance system and militarism. If nationalism within Austria-Hungary contributed, so did nationalism of other powers (Pan-Slavism, Greater Serbia Movement, French Revanchism, Pan-Germanism, etc.) The Great War was caused by a complexity of conflicts. To what extent was nationalism a disruptive force in Europe during the period 1900-1914? Nationalism . Nationalism aimed at national independence in initial stage 2. It looked to national expansion and domination National conflicts in the period of 1900-1914 . Nationalism in the Balkans to struggle to remain independent. - they wanted to dismember the Ottoman Empire and drive the Turks from Europe. To save the Empire, the Young Turks
To what extent did nationalism within the Austria-Hungarian Empire contribute to the outbreak of war in 1914?
Questions on World War One To what extent did nationalism within the Austria-Hungarian Empire contribute to the outbreak of war in 1914? Nationalism within Austria-Hungary: a struggle for self-determination. But Austria-Hungary was brave to meet the challenge and to struggle for preservation of the Empire. Result: internally, proposal of extending the dual rule to a triple or a quadruple one; externally, nationalistic rivalries started between Austria and Serbia, between Austria and Russia. Her solution was to annex neighbouring states having fellow peoples within the Empire. It contributed to the outbreak of Austro-Serbian War. But the extension of these rivalries was caused by the alliance system and militarism. If nationalism within Austria-Hungary contributed, so did nationalism of other powers (Pan-Slavism, Greater Serbia Movement, French Revanchism, Pan-Germanism, etc.) The Great War was caused by a complexity of conflicts. To what extent was nationalism a disruptive force in Europe during the period 1900-1914? Nationalism . Nationalism aimed at national independence in initial stage 2. It looked to national expansion and domination National conflicts in the period of 1900-1914 . Nationalism in the Balkans to struggle to remain independent. - they wanted to dismember the Ottoman Empire and drive the Turks from Europe. To save the Empire, the Young Turks
Why was the Abyssinian crisis a death blow to the league when the Manchurian crisis was not?
Why was the Abyssinian crisis a death blow to the league when the Manchurian crisis was not? One of the main reasons for this was that the league was at least seen to do the right thing in the Manchurian crisis as they condemned Japan for invading and although they didn't do anything about it they did, in the end, came to the right decision. However, in the Abyssinian crisis they didn't condemn Italy in fact they came to an agreement with them that basically gave them what they wanted. So they were seen to be giving into the demands of the aggressor. Not only did they give into Italy but the two main powers left in the league were seen to have secret meetings with Italy. This greatly undermined the belief in the league. Also, people in Europe thought that Japan was so far away from them that they didn't need to worry too much about what occurred somewhere on the other side of the world. Another reason why the Abyssinian crisis was a death blow to the league and the Manchurian crisis was not is because France and Britain could have at least done something to stop the Abyssinian crisis by closing the Suez Canal, they couldn't have done much to stop the Manchurian crisis as they were all the way around the other side of the world. The Chinese and Japanese were also at least in the same stage of technology where as the Italians were very much more advanced than the Abyssinians.
ATHENS & THE DELIAN LEAGUE
ATHENS & THE DELIAN LEAGUE From the evidence of Thucydides and the inscriptions, To what extent did Athens treatment of her allies change During the period of 478-431 BC During the period of 478-431, Athens' treatment of her allies changed dramatically as she rose to become the leader of an empire. The establishment of the Delian League marked the beginning of a significant series of events, which lead to Athens' rise to extreme power. From the evidence of Thucydides and the inscriptions, it is possible to track the progress of these events and the rapidly changing treatment that Athens enforced upon her allies. The Delian League was an establishment formed in 478 BC. A large number of Greek cities formed an alliance under this league and together aimed to provide a strong defence against Persia, under the leadership of Athens. It also had intentions to push the war between Greece and Persia back into enemy territory. The treasury and headquarters of the league was situated at Delos, an island mid-way between Athens and Asia Minor with a good harbour. It was also the centre of Ionian worship for the god Apollo. Originally, Sparta had been given the role of hegemonia (leadership), but due to the arrogant treatment of the allies by the king Pausanias, this role was handed over to Athens. Thucydides accounts that the allies saw this as a great advantage - 'Because of
Dear Diary, It was the start of the Christmas month and I was ready to battle it out in the war.
Day 1 - 01/12/1914 Dear Diary, It was the start of the Christmas month and I was ready to battle it out in the war. Today I was going to be entering the great World War with my mates, and to battle for life till the end. I ended up now, as a soldier going to battle because there was a shortage of men and 10,000 of our men were wiped out because we had no proper tactics. Our men just ran out onto no-mans land and they were shot, all 10,000 of them. So this was my chance, at the age of 19, to battle and leave my family. I had to leave my mum, my dad and my little brother Johnny. Now I, Mr Sommers, was ready to battle, but terrified. I was trained for two weeks in camp and then I had to set of, for a 60-mile journey, down to no-mans land. The journey was a combination of a train journey and several hours of marching. We had two days of rations to take, and the 150 rounds of bullets. I only took an extra pair of socks, but then I realised that when I went out there and it was freezing and I wished I bought 3 extra pairs of socks with me. We wore our great coats, with full equipment on top of this. Our water bottle was full and of course we carried our mess tin, also mug and cutlery. We were only aloud to take one blanket, which was rolled in the ground sheet, and was placed round our necks. I carried in addition my pocket two small tins of Heinz baked beans, vaseline, a
Why Did The First World War Break Out in 1914?
Why Did The First World War Break Out in 1914? The First World War was the most terrible war ever known due to the number of deaths that took place each day on the gory battlefields of the war. Altogether eight million soldiers lost their lives fighting in the trenches. The system of trenches stretched across Europe from the English Channel to Switzerland and soldiers faced their foe across a few hundred metres of churned up ground with barbed wire known as 'No Man's Land'. The grounds in and around the trenches were turned into a huge ocean of mud because of the rain and exploding bullets. It was impossible to attack the other side's trenches effectively because they were so greatly secured. Twenty million people were wounded and there was an extensive destruction, which ravaged cities and their civilian populations. The First World War lasted for four whole years and broke out in 1914 due to a number of reasons. The reasons that led the nations of Europe and later the world to go to war in 1914 are complex, and it is impossible to say the war started because of one single cause. There are a series of events, which derived in the early 19th century, which engulfed most of Europe by 4th August 1914. Some causes of the war were long-term whereas others were short term. One reason for the outbreak of the war in 1914 was the competition for colonies between the European
Field Marshall Haig: 'The Butcher of the Somme'?
FIELD MARSHALL HAIG: 'THE BUTCHER OF THE SOMME'? a) How far does source A prove that Haig did not care about the lives of his men? Unfortunately, the purpose for which Haig wrote this source is not completely evident, however Source A is likely to be part of a letter written by Haig, intended to inform politicians in England that the nation should be made aware that mass death is coming - to prevent shock - which can be assumed as the source contains frequent punctuation, resulting in it resembling a speech, perhaps suggesting to the politicians at the time how the public should be informed, showing that Haig was fully aware that many of his men would die. Haig uses the word "sacrifice", which can be interpreted in two ways. One way is that it shows that he believes the ends would justify the means. If the outcome he perceives is victory in this battle, then it shows that he believes that the victory is more important than life - showing he does not care about the life of his men, only winning the battle no matter what the cost - the deaths would be worth the victory. Furthermore, Haig seems to be justifying his actions and decisions throughout the source, suggesting it is not completely reliable and may not completely show Haig's thoughts and feelings before the battle. The fact that he is justifying the deaths, shows that he is aware that public opinion would be unhappy
Describe the conditions that soldiers experienced on the Western Front in the years 1915-1917.
History Coursework World War One . Describe the conditions that soldiers experienced on the Western Front in the years 1915-1917. The soldiers on the Western Front stayed mostly in the trenches when there was no fighting during the years 1915-1917. The trenches were developed in December 1914. These were dug to protect them and it also stopped the other side from advancing. Trenches were dug from Switzerland up to the Channel. The conditions that they had to live through were very bad, the food they ate wasn't much good, there was a lack of hygiene and many soldiers caught diseases. About a million more soldiers died with disease than the amount of soldiers that died during battle. This is how difficult life was in the trenches. Soldiers feared everyday what would happen to them. There were many different trenches. The plan of a trench system started with a short trench, which led to the small post where either one or two soldiers listened out quietly for any signs o f movement from the enemy. The small post was in No Man's Land. Thereafter came the front-line firing trenches. From here soldiers would shoot at the enemy. In a front-line trench, there would be a dugout, which would be about 21/2 metres in height. There would be duckboards, a fire step to help the soldier get high enough to shoot at the enemy, ammunition shelves to keep extra ammunition in case they ran
Was Field Marshall Douglas Haig more important that the allied blockade of German naval ports in bringing about the victory on the western front in 1918?
Natalie Gilbert History “Was Field Marshall Douglas Haig more important that the allied blockade of German naval ports in bringing about the victory on the western front in 1918?” Although Haig was important in bringing victory to the Allies, he was not as important as the allied blockade. The blockade caused German shortages in food and supplies (which in turn lowered morale.)The blockade subsequently brought the Americans into the war. The blockade was effective as it meant that German troops were too weak to defeat the allied forces, the troops began to contract many diseases such as scurvy and dysentery, related to malnutrition. When compared, Haig’s impact was a lot smaller; however he did make many progressions in battlefield techniques. In February 1916 the Germans began a determined battle to capture strategic French forts surrounding Verdun. To relieve the pressure, the British led by Haig launched their long-planned offensive at the Somme. After the week long artillery bombardment of German trenches, British troops advanced. In doing so, taking the pressure off the French and allowing them to meet their objectives. This was a success for Haig and showed that he did have some success during the war. During the battle of the Somme Haig greatly weakened the German army. This is supported by figures from the Battle. British Casualties were at 420,000, French
'The rise and decline of the great powers can be explained by their relative economic performance' To what extent do you agree?
'The rise and decline of the great powers can be explained by their relative economic performance' To what extent do you agree? The great powers relative economic performances played a large role in determining their strength and power. Economic change in Britain, Turkey and Russia led largely to their declines between 1900 and 1919, while in the USA and Japan it led to their rise. However there were also many other factors in each country's change in power. Size of Military strength and also the army's reputation for success or failure in wars previously were very important as they determined how powerful the country would be in a time of war. Previous wars had benefited the USA, Japan and Britain but simultaneously weakened Turkey and Russia, de-stabilising their governments. Victory or defeat in wars also affected the outcome of any treaties that may have followed. These treaties were crucial factors in determining a country's power, as a poor outcome in a major treaty could destroy a country, leaving it small and weak. The impact of treaties on the powers was particularly shown by Germany's outcome of the Treaty of Versailles following World War 1. The Treaty left Germany with a small, useless military, very little money and a small empire. To be a great power, a country must have a large empire, such as that of Britain in 1900, which owned one quarter of the worlds land,
