In what ways did the Irish Question change between 1800 and 1922?
In what ways did the Irish Question change between 1800 and 1922? The Irish Question changed dramatically between the years 1800 and 1922. It had generated ever since the English and Irish connections had been made in the seventeenth century, when the Anglican Ascendancy was formed, which meant that Ireland was governed indirectly from England and so Irish became discontent. The 1798 Rebellion was the major reason for Britain becoming involved with Ireland. The Rebellion revealed to the British Government the weaknesses of the existing, divided system in Ireland; therefore the Irish Question needed to be addressed. At this point the Irish Question had arisen because the British were concerned about the 1798 Rebellion; they feared Revolution and didn't like the fact that Ireland was being used as a base for France. The Act of Union represented the first phase of the Irish Movement. It aimed to unite Ireland and England, to dissolve the Irish Parliament into the English Parliament, to allow free trade to England, 2/17 of Irish wealth was to go to England and 15/17 of English wealth was to be spent on Ireland. The Act of Union as a whole did not do much for Anglo Irish relations, because it caused more separation and disassociation. Even though Britain had to now take responsibility for Ireland, it was still treated as a separate country and Duke of Wellington later described
Previous attempts to bring peace to Northern Ireland have failed. What problems need to be overcome if the current peace initiative is to succeed?
Previous attempts to bring peace to Northern Ireland have failed. What problems need to be overcome if the current peace initiative is to succeed? In 1967 the Civil Rights Association was formed by a group of Ulster Catholics. The Civil Rights Association wanted fairer conditions for Catholics in Ulster. They wanted fairer elections and a fairer system for allocating Council Houses. To do this they organised protest marches, as a legitimate and non-violent way of protest. However, by summer in 1969, British Soldiers had to be sent to quell the increasing violence, caused by the marches, in Londonderry. This would be known as the 'Battle of Bogside'. At first both communities welcomed the British soldiers, as it was thought that they would end the violence. However, as support for the newly formed 'Provisional IRA' increased, they were seen as foreign invaders. As a result, the Provisional IRA launched a campaign of violence. The result being, that by the end of 1970 46 British Soldiers had been killed. Following this, the British Government used a technique used, by the current American Government, against Terrorists. This was called internment meant that the security force could arrest and hold any suspected terrorist, without charge. However, no Loyalist Paramilitaries were arrested. This made many Nationalists even more suspicious of the British Government.
Previous attempts to bring peace to Northern Ireland have failed. What problems will need to be overcome if the current peace talks are to succeed?
Previous attempts to bring peace to Northern Ireland have failed. What problems will need to be overcome if the current peace talks are to succeed? The Downing Street Declaration was an agreement between the Prime Minister and the Taoiseach, which laid down fundamental principles to try and solve the growing crisis as in the early 90's violence, was on the increase. These principles which would reappear in the Good Friday Agreement, are that only parties which rejected violence could take part, both British and Irish Governments agreed to the principle of self determination for the province and that the Irish government would seek to remove clauses 2 and 3 from the constitution (These are the ones that claimed Northern Ireland as part of a united Ireland). The Irish government also set up a Forum for Peace and Reconciliation. This declaration was accepted by all the moderate parties involved, the hardliners such as Ian Paisley rejected it, "sold out Ulster to buy off the fiendish Republican scum". The paramilitaries all tended to study it carefully and ask for clarification of details as a way of not rejecting it out of hand. Sinn Fein were unhappy with the Downing Street Declaration, however in 1994 president Bill Clinton allowed Gerry Adams, the Sinn Fein leader, to visit the USA to talk to Irish American Groups who supported the IRA. It was during these talks that Gerry
What are the chances of peace in Northern Ireland?
History Coursework - What are the chances of peace in Northern Ireland? The Unionists and Nationalists believe in two different things when it comes to whether Northern Ireland should belong to the UK or not. The Unionists are the people who live in Northern Ireland. They are protestant and want to remain part of the UK. The Unionists are a peaceful democratic party who discus their views in parliament. The main party is the Ulster Unionists party, which is led by David Trimble. The Loyalists are the extreme party who believe the same things as the Unionists. These groups use violence to get their point across. The UVF, UFF and DUP are just a few of the parties. The main loyalist party is the democratic unionist party, which is led by Ian Paisley. They don't want any sort of agreement with Sinn Fein or SDLP. The Nationalists are the people who live in the Republic of Ireland and want Northern Ireland to become part of the republic. The nationalists are catholic and also another peaceful party. The main group is the SDLP, which is led by David Hume. They support all peaceful talks between the UK, Northern Ireland and themselves. Like the Unionists they also have an extreme party, the Republicans. The main Republican Party is Sinn Fein, which is led by Gerry Adams and Martin McGuiness. Sinn Fein has close links to the IRA who are responsible for most of the bombings and
What are the main differences between the beliefs of the Republicans/Nationalists and the Loyalists/Unionists?
Laura Belcher What are the main differences between the beliefs of the Republicans/Nationalists and the Loyalists/Unionists? For over centuries there has been a great contrast in belief between the Catholics and Protestants living in Ireland, this being the main primary cause to most of the conflict which later influenced Ireland to eventually split. By the years 1921 and 1922 the partition was determined and the start of a new era with even more problems was brought to Ireland as a consequence of the final decision. Since then, Ireland has been divided on the levels of mainly religion and the significant political parties within them. The bitter violence which has become a result of the hatred between the groups has caused a vast disagreement, making the future of Ireland impossible to determine. The overall problem in Ireland which is still being dealt with today is that of the attitudes towards the partition and whether it was justified to gain peace. Most Protestants became known as Unionists as a result of their belief that Northern Ireland should keep the Union with Britain. Extreme Unionists are called Loyalists. This means that they are more likely to use violence to achieve their aims instead of Unionists which tend to use more peaceful methods. Those who disagree, who want a united independent Ireland, are called Nationalists or for those that are extreme
What are the main differences between the beliefs of the Republicans / Nationalists and the Loyalists / Unionists?
) What are the main differences between the beliefs of the Republicans/Nationalists and the Loyalists/Unionists? The Republicans believe that Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland should be united. This would become an Irish Republic. Hard-line Nationalists are also known as Republicans, and are mostly Catholics. The Unionists believe that the North should be kept as a part of the UK. Some of the hard-line Unionists are known as Loyalists and are mostly members of the protestant church, which originated from England into Ireland unlike Catholic Christianity. Although most people in N.Ireland disagree with the violence, a small number/minority of loyalists and republicans are so determined to get there own way that they commit crime, violence and even murder. The two religions/groups are also split into different parties and political groups due to differences from within the major group/religion. The Nationalists can be split into 3 segments; The SDLP or Social Democratic and Labour Party, Sinn Fein and the IRA or Irish Republican Army. The Unionists can be slip into four major segments; The UVP or Ulster Unionist Party, The DUP or The Democratic Unionists Party, The Orange Order and The UDA/UVF or Ulster Defence Associations and the Ulster Volunteer Force. Each segment has its own differentiated beliefs t the beliefs of their religion/group. The SDLP is almost
Why were troops sent into northern Ireland in 1969??
Jonny Sharpe Why were troops sent into northern Ireland in 1969?? This essay is about the reasons why the government decided to send in the British troops to Northern Ireland on the 14th August 1969, we look here at the origins and the history of the conflict. The most obvious reasons we think of are that riots started to break out and the Northern Ireland police lost control, this was because from the beginning, Catholics in Northern Ireland were a disadvantaged minority in matters of employment, housing, education, cultural and political participation. In 1968 a civil rights movement emerged to protest against this discrimination, often provoking violent reactions within the Protestant community. The Catholics were greatly influenced by Dr Martin Luther King, and the American Civil Rights Movements which were going on at about the same time. Protestants also had fears, they would have to share there economy with the rest of Ireland and the Roman Catholic Church would interfere in the running of the country. Also they maybe threatened with violence by the IRA to become a part of the republic of Ireland. If we delve deeper we come to the partition in 1920, Protestants remained part of the UK and the Roman Catholics who wanted independence. In Northern Ireland 66% of the population were Protestant and 34% were Roman Catholics. This partition had its roots in the
With what success has the British Government tried to deal with the Irish 'troubles' in the years since 1972?
With what success has the British Government tried to deal with the Irish 'troubles' in the years since 1972? In this essay I am going to look at with what success the British government has tried to deal with the 'troubles' in northern Ireland since 1972. I will look at the short term and long term consequences that followed and how successful the British attempts actually were. Due to Bloody Sunday the death told reached approximately 500 deaths in 1972. This was the turning point for the British government as they realised that they had to do something to help Ireland. They came up with Direct Rule which was a temporary measure to the increasing violence. It meant that Northern Ireland was run by someone from the British government, the Northern Ireland secretary. Although it was a temporary measure it was still in use 25 years later. Power sharing and the Sunningdale agreement meant that Northern Ireland would have a council that would share power between the unionists and the nationalists. The British aim behind power sharing was to reduce the support for the IRA by giving Catholics a say in how Northern Ireland was run. The unionists disliked this idea as they felt the link between London, Belfast, and Dublin would bring a united Ireland. They also felt betrayed by Britain. In the long term power sharing failed as it was linked to the Sunningdale agreement however
Why has it been so Difficult to Bring Peace to Northern Ireland?
Why has it been so Difficult to Bring Peace to Northern Ireland? The political situation in Northern Ireland has always caused concern. Numerous factors, strengthened by historical events have contributed to the complex arguments surrounding Northern Ireland. History has caused severe conflicts in religious views, which have lead to cultural differences between the people of Northern Ireland. Other factors behind the conflict include the struggle for political power, violence and extremism, the rise of leaders and individuals, and foreign intervention. This essay will examine the way these factors have built up over time, causing violence and conflict in Northern Ireland today. This essay will also examine why, given its history, the Irish question cannot seem to be solved. The Catholic rebellion of 1641 and the Cromwellian revenge 1649 were the first examples of the use of violence and the divisions between the Protestant and Catholic religions. They enforced the feeling amongst both sides that neither could be trusted. It set the agenda for the harsh treatment of Catholics throughout history for example the Penal Laws. Although the continuance of this kind of hatred has coloured the attitudes of its people, history itself cannot be blamed. The blame lies more with the way the two sides have used Ireland's history to enforce their arguments. Due to the potato
Why Is It Proving So Difficult To Implement The Good Friday Agreement?
Adam Richardson Y11 H6 Mrs. Johnson Why Is It Proving So Difficult To Implement The Good Friday Agreement? The history of the Irish Problem dates back almost half a century, to the reformation of England, under Henry VIII's rule. With this, there was a stream of protestant immigrants into Northern Island. Being a catholic country outside of King Henry's rule, and so escaping the reformation, there was an instant clash of very orthodox and strong religious opinions and beliefs, which triggered 500 years of ongoing problems in Northern Island. However, only is the 20th Century did these problems escalate to be so apparent and public, and we can now take a detailed look at all the major factors that make the introduction and operation of the Good Friday Agreement such a fragile and difficult task. Now, many more nations are involved. American Senator, George Mitchell was called into Northern Island to pick up pieces of the broke peace process, he is generally believed to have helped substancially in the peace talks. As part of the United Kingdom, British figures have often come into play. Following the Labour party's victory over John Major's Conservatives in the 1997 general election, Mo Mowlam was instated the Secretary of State in Northern Island. Soon, plans for talks with Sinn Féin were announced. The agreement itself was drawn up not so much as an all round
