Why did Britain Have an Industrial Revolution Between 1750 and 1850?
William Keith 27/11/02 Why did Britain Have an Industrial Revolution Between 1750 and 1850? The industrial revolution happened in Britain around 1850 and not finishing for a century. Britain was the first and all the other countries followed. In some countries, the industrial revolution has not happened yet; in all others, though, it is, in a way, still going on, because of the fact that technological advances are still happening. In Britain, the revolution saw changes in all aspects of industry. Not just in that factories and mass production were introduced, but in economy, trade, population, labour etc. There were even changes in agriculture relating to the other industrial changes of the time. Efficiency was also enhanced because of the large number of business enterprises situated within a limited area. This made people more competitive and, therefore, willing to push harder for better quality goods, in less time. During the revolution, there was a great change in the population. Not only in the total amount of people who lived in the country, but also in the amount of people living in the different areas. For example, as farming progressed and became more efficient, there were more job openings in the cities and more availability for freedom from the
The Soviet state was established at the expense of Soviet people - discuss.
Linda Lapina Essay in history Word count: 2212 The Soviet state was established at the expense of Soviet people Russia has never been known as a humane country, or its governments, beginning with the tsars like Ivan the Harsh, as having much respect for human life. One or two millions' loss in the vast population has never been a cause of concern for the government. The policies through which the Soviet state was established under Stalin was not only the same as the ones had before- they were even crueler than the long-practised Russian governing traditions would predict. Therefore, I fully agree with the given statement. To prove this view, I will examine Stalin's policies chronologically- in agriculture and collectivisation, industrialisation, purges and labour camps, showing how they benefited the USSR at the expense of the people inhabiting it. One of the first signs that Stalin was ready to sacrifice a lot in order to bring Russia up to the same industrial level as the developed anti- communist Western countries, was industrialisation, started in 1927, when Stalin ordered Gosplan (State Planning Commission, established in 1921) to start on producing 5-year plans. New economic policy (NEP) had been abandoned before, and now Stalin made an emphasis on mechanisation to increase agricultural and industrial productivity. It was not acceptable and even irritating to
The 1905 Revolution occurred because of the ineptitude of Tsar Nicholas II. Discuss
Joanna Vickers L66 October 2004 The 1905 Revolution occurred because of the ineptitude of Tsar Nicholas II. Discuss. The 1905 Revolution in Russia occurred because of a variety of long and short term causes, which led to the Tsar to lose the support of his people. These causes comprised of the economic hardship in Russia, the refusal of the government to broaden their representation, the military failure, and the mishandling of the 1905 crisis, "Bloody Sunday." However, the underlying factor in all of these causes is the ineptitude of Tsar Nicholas II, as he held supreme autocratic power, and so would have been able to avoid revolution by permitting reforms. Therefore, although there were many other issues which provoked the idea of revolution, it was the Tsar's mishandling of the problems, especially Bloody Sunday, which were the final thrust to send Russia into revolution. One of Russia's grievances was the economic hardship caused by the industrial slump in the years leading up to 1905. Russian society was 80% peasantry, and its agricultural system was backwards and inefficient. The peasants were dissatisfied with the government because they strongly resented land repayments, and they wanted to a much greater amount of land. The social consequence of this was that, although many peasants still loved the Tsar, they opposed his government. At the end of the 19th
'Only Alexander II's policies made significant progress in avoiding revolution in Russia.' How valid is this comment on the government of Russia 1855 - 17?
'Only Alexander II's policies made significant progress in avoiding revolution in Russia.' How valid is this comment on the government of Russia 1855 - 17? It is perhaps rather limited to suggest that it was only the policies under Alexander II which improved Russia's chances of avoiding a revolution. While his policies can be seen as appeasing the most liberal of opposition, in which case avoiding revolution, in the same instance they unknowingly pushed Russia's current system closer to one. The policies created the landless proletariat, which would eventually undermine the key industry of Russia, namely agriculture, as people left the land for work in industrial cities necessitated by the need to keep up with industrialisation in other European countries. Furthermore the policies of Witte and Stolypin under Alexander III and Nicholas II cannot be discounted. Witte's help during the events of 1905 certainly was invaluable to the preservation of the tsarist regime and Stolypin's repression policies following 1905 were crucial in restoring order. Alexander II certainly had a liberal outlook on his role as tsar of Russia as once he took over the role in 1855 he immediately began to take steps towards emancipating the serfs. Moreover, once becoming tsar he also gave freedom of the press in 1958, further testament to his liberal approach. Serfdom was the core of the Russian
The Bolshevik Coup
The Bolshevik Coup 25th-26th Oct 1917 Did they succeed because they were well prepared? Or because Provisional Government did too little to stop them? Was it the leadership of Lenin and Trotsky or the disunity of their opponents, which gave them victory? Who: Lenin: Lenin planned and organised the coup and how the Bolsheviks would seize power. Iron will, ruthless and great speaker. Overthrow the government. Trotsky: although he did not plan the coup, Trotsky did play a role in it, particularly by passing on information about the coup on to Lenin who was in hiding. Trotsky was later discredited for his work however as the Bolsheviks ganged up on after the death of Lenin, not wanting him to become the new party leader. Kerensky: On October 24th Kerensky attempted to put a stop to the forthcoming seize which he and the rest of the Provisional Government were said to of known was going to happen. He ordered the army to prepare for the Bolshevik attempt to seize power. What: This is often referred to as the "bloodless coup" that put the Bolsheviks in power. - August 1917- Mutiny of General Kornilov panicked the Provisional Government; therefore it released the Bolsheviks from prison and gave them weapons to defend Petrograd against General Government - Bolsheviks pressured the leaders of the Petrograd Soviet to call a second congress of all the Soviets on the 25th
Was Stalin a Disaster For the Soviet Union?
Stalin was called many things. Many christened him 'The gravedigger of the Revolution', saying that the entire socialist plans and ideas that were in place after the 1917 revolution were destroyed once Stalin was in power. A whole new socialist and essentially Communist society was expected in Russia but after Stalin took over the ideas never quite made it into daily life. Some call Stalin a murderer and an evil man. One who killed millions of innocent Russians for what was seen as no real reason. Stalin made it clear to his nation that he knew there was a conspiracy and the conspirers must be eliminated but there was still scepticism among Russians about the truth of Stalin's statement. Other people though look upon Stalin as a creator, a genius, who masterminded the return of Russia into the world's powers and gave birth to many great ideas such as industrialisation, the agricultural revolution and all in the space of 30 years. Such ideas about a great Russia would have been laughed at in the November of 1917, even after the revolution, but Stalin knew that he had to reach power and knew he would create a world power out of Russia again. Stalin's first role as an important factor in Russia comes soon after the great Lenin's death. A new leader has to be found to carry on the great communist party and the choices are soon restricted to two, Stalin and Trotsky. There
Tsar Nicholas II
History coursework Was size the most important reason in making the Russian Empire of Tsar Nicholas II so difficult to rule in the years before the outbreak of the First World War? Russia was, and still is a very large country and this would affect the way that the country was governed, it would affect the communication of the ruler of the country, Tsar Nicholas II, and also the law and order, but there are also many other factors that would affect how well this large empire would be governed such as the competency of the leader and the attitude of the people that live in the country. So it is not just size that affects how difficult Russia was to govern but there were many other factors that affected the rule of this country. One way in which Russia was made difficult to govern was just the shear size of the country. In 1900 the Russian Empire stretched over 600km which is about 60 times the size of Great Britain, and it took 13 days to travel from one side of the country to the other on the Trans - Siberian railway. This meant that communication between Russia's people was very poor and that it was hard to enforce law and order. This made it hard to govern as Tsar Nicholas II just simply could not help all of his people at once since there was such a large gap between the people, and so communities became impatient and began to revolt, this is why the law and order was so
Did the period1780-1846 witness an industrial revolution in Britain
Did the period1780-1846 witness an industrial revolution in Britain? The period between 1780 and 1884 was both an important and eventful part of British History. It was a time when Britain changed from an agricultural nation to a busy urban and industrialised nation and where upper, middle and lower classes were formed. But what was this era in British question a revolution or an evolution? Many historians have different opinions and the aim of my essay is to look at both sides and reach my personal conclusion. Many particularly Marxist historians think this period was a revolution. Karl Marx had a theory that eventually every major nation would be communist. He felt that society developed and each step would be forced through a revolution. He believed that there were 4 stages with two steps in each stage the 1st step being how things were then what lead to a revolution. The 1st stage was an ancient society where people followed one person the King. Then as nobles began to won land there would be a revolution leading to stage 2 in society a Feudal society, where kings and nobles shared lands but as trades to produce wealth the middle class grew wealthy which led to another revolution. Stage 3 was capitalism where the middle class are powerful and run industry but the working class seize power because they wanted to be have more money and not work as hard as they were being
How successful were Stalins Economic Policies?
How successful were Stalin's Economic Policies? Stalin's economic policies can be seen as a significant success, because they achieved their overall goals of modernising and improving Russia as quickly as possible, in order to catch up and compete with the other European powers and America. The first of the Economic policies are the Five Year Plans. Stalin's main ideas were to electrify Russia and increase mining of natural resources and developing steel industry. The tasks were split up into three plans, each lasting five years. The first Five Year Plan centred on laying the foundations in Russia to enable it to cope with the rapid industrialisation - the focus was developing and expanding the heavy industries such as building huge new steel mills and hydroelectric dams to cover new industrial cities' power requirements. The second Five Year Plan saw heavy industry still being a priority, but the focal point shifting to other areas as well, such as mining for coal, lead, tin and zinc. Also, transport and communications were boosted as new railways and canals were built - the most famous example of this being the Moscow Underground, as well as agriculture being made more efficient by a dramatic increase of tractors and farm machinery. The third Five Year Plan was meant to switch factories to the production of consumer goods, but it was cut short by the outbreak of World War
"Was life better for the Russian's by 1914 compared to 1900?"
"Was life better for the Russian's by 1914 compared to 1900?" * The Duma: It allowed freedom of speech and other political parties which the people never had before but its debatable whether there was actually any use for it. The first two were dismissed straight away because they disagreed with the Tsar. Although it was the Duma that was responsible for developing the schemes of national insurance for industrial workers which was something that they had needed for a long time. So in that respect they were useful in changing a few things in the people's lives. * Industry had changed a great deal since the 1900's as well. Mainly because there was an industrial revolution! * Industrial developments: Stolypin's main concern was the peasants but he didn't neglect the Russian's industrial development. From 1908 onwards there was a substantial growth in coal, iron and steel industries. In 1914 Russia was still deficient in provision of roads and railways. Although the increase in industry had created more jobs and there were few signs of unrest in the period 1908-1914. Unlike in the 1900's were it would be normal to have riots and strikes among the peasants/proletariats. * There were great land reforms --> Stolypin had land reforms as one of his main objectives...as well as to repress disorder. * Results of the land reforms: . Communally owned grazing and pastureland was
