the railway network of Europe
b. Describe the challenges of this “delivery systems.”
Before the railway system brought people of Europe closer together in peaceful trade, now held them fast in war; the generals demand more men, more guns, and more shells to hammer the enemy
5) What battle patterns did generals follow on the Western front?
The two sides, each made up of millions of men, confronted each other below ground level
6) a. Why did Turkey enter the war?
Turkey entered the war on the side of Germany and Austia, with the intention of halting Russian expansion around the black sea
b. What was the purpose of the first campaign at Gallipoli?
Gallipoli campaigne was intended to force a way through the straits of the Dardanelles into the black sea
c. What was the purpose of the second and third campaigns
the second was to win control of oil supplies, the third was to help arabs in a revolt against their Turkish rulers
d. What was the purpose of the Sykes-Picot agreement in 1916?
the British and French governments planned to divide much of the middle east between them with little thought for the interest of the Arabs
7) How did Britain and France entice Italy to change sides in the war?
Britain and France promised her a share in the spoils which would come from the defeat of Austria
8) a. Why did Romania enter the war in 1916?
Romania entered war hoping to get out of it Transylvania [Austria] and the Dobruja [Bulgaria]
b. Were the Romanians successful? Explain.
No they were not because Romania was poorly served by a large, almost completely illiterate and odd army
9) a. What British “colonies” contributed to the war effort?
Canada, india, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa
b. Which “colony” contributed the most troops?
India
c. What percentage of the nearly three million troops did Canada contribute?
22.75%
10) What role did Japan play in the war?
Japan joined forces of British French and Russians, and took the opportunity to occupy German colonial possessions in the Pecific and to seize the Chinese port of Kiaochow, previously controlled by germany
11) Why did the soldier of WWI “look more like a pack-mule than a warrior?”
They were dressed to kill, fully ready; they complained they were merely things to hang other things on
12) How did industry advance the requirements and needs of Russia?
Russia expanded their chemical, engineering and munitions industries, more number of workers, and the imports of sophisticated products declined
13) Describe the airplane as a “fighting machine with distinct purposes”
The ‘kites’ of wood was transformed into deadly purposes :
The scout-reconnaissance plane, the fighter and the bomber
14) Briefly describe sea warfare.
15) What were the advantages and disadvantages by tank warfare?
the tank – it moved very slowly, often broke down, and almost suffocated its crews with petrol fume.
Advantages- it was a revolutionary weapon which required generals to think out new batte tactics, and it was also a weapon for the future wars
16) a. What three methods were used by governments to raise money for the war effort?
by taking money from people [in taxation], by borrowing it from them, and by borrowing it from other sources
b. Describe the “cycle of borrowing”
Russians, French and Italians borrowed form british, they and british borrowed from USA. The governments of all combatant countries borrowed from their own people through ‘war loans’ which would be repaid with interest after the war
c. How did governments attempt to “solve” the rapid inflation from vast borrowing and spending?
instead of raising tax the governments spent their own money [savings]
